Chemistry:Carbon dichalcogenide
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Carbon dichalcogenides are chemical compounds of carbon and chalcogen elements. They have the general chemical formula CZ2, where Z = O, S, Se, Te.[1][2]
This includes:
- Carbon dioxide, CO
2 - Carbon disulfide, CS
2 - Carbon diselenide, CSe
2 - Carbonyl sulfide, OCS
- Carbonyl selenide, OCSe
- Thiocarbonyl selenide, SCSe
- Thiocarbonyl telluride, SCTe[1]
Stability
Double bonds between carbon and chalcogen elements, C=Z, become weaker the heavier the chalcogen, Z. This trend means carbon dichalcogenide monomers are less stable and more susceptible to polymerisation as Z changes from O to Te. For example, CO
2 is stable, CS
2 polymerises under extreme conditions, CSe
2 tends to polymerise, CSeTe is unstable and CTe
2 does not exist.[1] This trend is an example of the double bond rule.
Bonding
In carbon dichalcogenides, C=O bond lengths are around 1.16 Å, C=S around 1.56 Å, C=Se around 1.70 Å and C=Te around 1.90 Å.[3]
| Species | Formula | Z | Z′ | Bond | Bond in molecule | Bond length / Å | Method of determination | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon dioxide | CO2 | O | O | C=O | O=C=O | 1.163 | infrared spectroscopy | [1][3][4] |
| Carbon disulfide | CS 2 |
S | S | C=S | S=C=S | 1.553 | infrared spectroscopy | [5] |
| Carbon diselenide | CSe 2 |
Se | Se | C=Se | Se=C=Se | 1.689 | neutron diffraction | [6] |
| Carbonyl sulfide | OCS | O | S | C=O | S=C=O | 1.158 | microwave spectroscopy | [5] |
| C=S | O=C=S | 1.560 | microwave spectroscopy | [5] | ||||
| Carbonyl selenide | OCSe | O | Se | C=O | Se=C=O | 1.159 | microwave spectroscopy | [3] |
| C=Se | O=C=Se | 1.709 | microwave spectroscopy | [5] | ||||
| Thiocarbonyl selenide | SCSe | S | Se | C=S | Se=C=S | 1.553 | microwave spectroscopy | [5] |
| C=Se | S=C=Se | 1.693 | microwave spectroscopy | [5] | ||||
| Thiocarbonyl telluride | SCTe | S | Te | C=S | Te=C=S | 1.557 | microwave spectroscopy | [3][5][7] |
| C=Te | S=C=Te | 1.904 | microwave spectroscopy | [3][5][7] |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 306, 314–319, 754–755. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ↑ Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2008). Inorganic Chemistry (3rd ed.). Prentice Hall. pp. 409–412, 423-425. ISBN 978-0-13-175553-6.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 926. ISBN 978-0-19-965763-6.
- ↑ Plyler, Earle K.; Blaine, Lamdin R.; Tidwell, Eugene D. (1955). "Infrared absorption and emission spectra of carbon monoxide in the region from 4 to 6 microns". Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards 55 (4): 183–192. doi:10.6028/jres.055.019. https://books.google.com/books?id=MLSLcOGwdKEC&pg=PA183.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 William M. Haynes, ed (2012). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (93rd ed.). CRC Press. p. 9–33. ISBN 978-1439880500.
- ↑ Powell, B. M.; Torrie, B. H. (1983). "Structure of solid carbon diselenide (CSe2) at 17.5, 50 and 200K". Acta Crystallogr. C 39 (8): 3070–3072. doi:10.1107/S0108270183007015.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Hardy, W. A.; Silvey, G. (1954). "Microwave Spectrum of TeCS and Masses of the Stable Tellurium Isotopes". Phys. Rev. 95 (2): 385–. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.95.385.
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