Chemistry:N-Phenethyl-4-piperidinone

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N-Phenethyl-4-piperidinone
Phenethylpiperidinone.png
N-phenethyl-4-piperidinone 3D BS.png
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
1-(2-Phenylethyl)piperidin-4-one
Other names
1-Phenethylpiperidin-4-one (no longer recommended)
N-Phenylethyl-4-piperidinone
N-Phenethyl-4-piperidone
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations NPP
ChemSpider
UNII
Properties
C13H17NO
Molar mass 203.28 g/mol
Density 1.057 g/cm3
Melting point 56 to 60 °C (133 to 140 °F; 329 to 333 K)
Hazards
GHS pictograms GHS07: Harmful
GHS Signal word warning
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Flammability code 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineHealth code 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineReactivity (yellow): no hazard codeSpecial hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
3
1
Legal status
  • AU: S9 (Prohibited substance)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references
Tracking categories (test):

N-Phenethyl-4-piperidinone (NPP) is a derivative of 4-piperidinone with the molecular formula C13H17NO. It is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs such as fentanyl.

Because of its possible use in the illicit manufacture of fentanyl, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) placed NPP under control as a List 1 Chemical in 2007. Both domestic sales and domestic importations are thus subject to DEA reporting requirements.[2]

Preparation

N-Phenethyl-4-piperidinone can be prepared from 4-piperidinone and phenethyl bromide in biphasic conditions with a variety of phase transfer catalysts.[citation needed]

Uses

N-Phenethyl-4-piperidinone is useful in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, primarily fentanyl and its analogs. Paul Janssen (founder of Janssen Pharmaceutica) first synthesized fentanyl in 1960 from Benzylfentanyl.[3] The Siegfried method (shown below and published on The Hive) involves reacting N-phenethyl-4-piperidinone with aniline, and then reducing the imine product with sodium borohydride to 4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine (ANPP). This product is reacted with propionyl chloride to form fentanyl.

NPP to fentanyl.svg

References

  1. GHS: PubChem
  2. DEA Chemical Handler's Manual: A Guide to Chemical Control Regulations (2022 ed.). United States Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration Office of Diversion Control. May 9, 2014. 
  3. Schulz, William. "Fentanyl". List of Top Pharmaceuticals. Chemical & Engineering News. http://pubs.acs.org/cen/coverstory/83/8325/8325fentanyl.html. 

Further reading