Chemistry:Triphenyl phosphite
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Triphenyl phosphite | |
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| Properties | |
| C18H15O3P | |
| Molar mass | 310.28 g/mol |
| Appearance | colourless liquid |
| Density | 1.184 g/mL |
| Melting point | 22 to 24 °C (72 to 75 °F; 295 to 297 K) |
| Boiling point | 360 °C (680 °F; 633 K) |
| low | |
| Solubility | organic solvents |
| -183.7·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | flammable |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
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| Infobox references | |
Triphenyl phosphite is the organophosphorus compound with the formula P(OC6H5)3. It is a colourless viscous liquid.
Preparation
Triphenylphosphite is prepared from phosphorus trichloride and phenol in the presence of a catalytic amount of base:
- PCl3 + 3 HOC6H5 → P(OC6H5)3 + 3 HCl
Reactions
Triphenylphosphite is a precursor to trimethylphosphine, it serves as a source of P3+ that is less electrophilic than phosphorus trichloride:[1]
- (C6H5O)3P + 3 CH3MgBr → P(CH3)3 + 3 "MgBrOC6H5"
Triphenylphosphite is quaternized by methyl iodide:[2]
- (C6H5O)3P + CH3I → [CH3(C6H5O)3P]+I−
Coordination complexes
Triphenylphosphite is a common ligand in coordination chemistry. It forms zero-valent complexes of the type M[P(OC6H5)3]4 (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). The nickel complex can be prepared by displacement of the diene from bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel:[3]
- Ni(COD)2 + 4 P(OC6H5)3 → Ni[P(OC6H5)3]4 + 2 COD
Related complexes are homogeneous catalysts for the hydrocyanation of alkenes. It also forms a variety of Fe(0) and Fe(II) complexes such as the dihydride H2Fe[P(OC6H5)3]4.[4]
Polyamorphism
Triphenylphosphite is a notable example of polyamorphism in organic compounds, namely it exists in two different amorphous forms at temperatures about 200 K.[5] One polymorphic modification of triphenyl phosphite was obtained by means of crystallization in ionic liquids.[6]
References
- ↑ Leutkens, Jr., M. L.; Sattelberger, A. P.; Murray, H. H.; Basil, J. D.; Fackler, Jr. J. P. (1990). "Trimethylphosphine". Inorganic Syntheses 28: 305–310. doi:10.1002/9780470132593.ch76. ISBN 9780470132593.
- ↑ H. N. Rydon (1971). "Alkyl Iodides: Neopentyl Iodide and Iodocyclohexane". Organic Syntheses 51: 44. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.051.0044.
- ↑ Ittel, Steven D. (1977). "Olefin, Acetylene, Phosphine, Isocyanide, and Diazene Complexes of Nickel(0)". Inorganic Syntheses. Inorganic Syntheses. XVII. pp. 117–124. doi:10.1002/9780470132487.ch34. ISBN 9780470132487.
- ↑ Gerlach, D. H.; Peet, W. G.; Muetterties, E. L. (1972). "Stereochemically Nonrigid Six-Coordinate Molecules. II. Preparations and Reactions of Tetrakis(organophosphorus)metal Dihydride Complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society 94 (13): 4545. doi:10.1021/ja00768a022.
- ↑ Ha, Alice; Cohen, Itai; Zhao, Xiaolin; Lee, Michelle; Kivelson, Daniel (1996). "Supercooled Liquids and Polyamorphism†". The Journal of Physical Chemistry 100: 1–4. doi:10.1021/jp9530820.
- ↑ D.G. Golovanov, K.A. Lyssenko, M.Yu. Antipin, Ya.S. Vygodskii, E.I. Lozinskaya, A.S. Shaplov. ”Long-awaited polymorphic modification of triphenyl phosphite“, Cryst. Eng. Comm., 2005, v. 7, no. 77, P.465 – 468. doi: 10.1039/b505052a
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