Company:Mammoth Biosciences

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Short description: American biotechnology company

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Mammoth Biosciences is a biotechnology company based in Brisbane, California[1] developing diagnostic tests using CRISPR-Cas12a and CRISPR-based therapies using its proprietary ultra-small CRISPR systems. Several CRISPR-Cas systems identified through the company's metagenomics-based protein discovery platform, including members of the Casφ and Cas14 families of CRISPR-associated enzymes, have demonstrated potential for therapeutic genome editing in in vivo settings.[2]

History

The company was founded in 2017[3] by Jennifer Doudna, Janice Chen, and Lucas Harrington of the University of California, Berkeley, and Trevor Martin of Stanford University.[4]

Mammoth signed agreements in December 2019 and January 2020 with Horizon Discovery to combine Mammoth's intellectual property in CRISPR with Horizon's expertise in Chinese hamster ovary cells.[5] Also in 2020, both Mammoth Biosciences and Sherlock Biosciences from the Broad Institute used their similar CRISPR technologies to develop tests for COVID-19.[6] The technology, which is owned under the trademark of DETECTR BOOST, has been contracted to be manufactured by Merck & Co.[7]

In 2023, the company announced that it will focus on developing CRISPR-based therapies.[8] The company's platform uses "ultra-small" Cas enzymes, such as CasΦ and Cas14,  which measure down to a third or less the size of Cas9, and which could allow for easier delivery in vivo through commonly used non-viral and viral delivery mechanisms, including adeno-associated virus vectors.[9] [10] Compared to Cas9, CasΦ and Cas14 may also offer less restrictive protospacer adjacent motif requirements, advantageous off-target activity, and allele-specific editing capabilities, which could broaden the range of targetable diseases in the genome.[10] [9] Mammoth previously announced partnerships with Vertex Pharmaceuticals (2021) and Bayer (2022) to research ultra-small CRISPR systems for in vivo editing.[11][12]

Related Works

  • Lucas B. Harrington et al. ,Programmed DNA destruction by miniature CRISPR-Cas14 enzymes. Science362,839-842(2018). DOI:10.1126/science.aav4294
  • Broughton, J.P., Deng, X., Yu, G. et al. CRISPR–Cas12-based detection of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Biotechnol 38, 870–874 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-0513-4
  • Patrick Pausch et al. ,CRISPR-CasΦ from huge phages is a hypercompact genome editor. Science369,333-337(2020). DOI:10.1126/science.abb1400

See also

References

  1. ↑ Fannin, Rebecca (2022-03-12). "The 30-year-old female founder at the forefront of a billion-dollar bet on CRISPR gene editing" (in en). https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/12/30-year-old-female-founders-billion-dollar-bet-on-crispr-gene-editing.html. 
  2. ↑ "News: Miniscule Cas nucleases do a Mammoth's job" (in en). https://crisprmedicinenews.com/news/miniscule-cas-nucleases-do-a-mammoths-job/. 
  3. ↑ "Mammoth Biosciences". https://craft.co/mammoth-biosciences. 
  4. ↑ Isaacson, Walter (2021). The Code Breaker. Simon & Schuster. pp. 422–423. ISBN 978-1-9821-1585-2. 
  5. ↑ "Horizon Discovery, Mammoth Biosciences Sign Second CRISPR Tools Development Agreement" (in en). 2020-01-13. https://www.genomeweb.com/business-news/horizon-discovery-mammoth-biosciences-sign-second-crispr-tools-development-agreement. 
  6. ↑ Isaacson, Walter (2021). The Code Breaker. Simon & Schuster. pp. 427–433. ISBN 978-1-9821-1585-2. 
  7. ↑ Mcardle, Matthew (May 17, 2021), Increasing SARS-CoV-2 testing capacity with CRISPR-based rapid testing, SelectScience, https://www.selectscience.net/editorial-articles/increasing-sars-cov-2-testing-capacity-with-crispr-based-rapid-testing/?artID=54409, retrieved September 9, 2021 
  8. ↑ "CRISPR unicorn Mammoth backs off diagnostics research, laying off 35 on testing team to focus on therapeutics" (in en). https://endpts.com/crispr-unicorn-mammoth-biosciences-shifts-from-diagnostics-with-layoffs/. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Harrington, Lucas B.; Burstein, David; Chen, Janice S.; Paez-Espino, David; Ma, Enbo; Witte, Isaac P.; Cofsky, Joshua C.; Kyrpides, Nikos C. et al. (2018-11-16). "Programmed DNA destruction by miniature CRISPR-Cas14 enzymes" (in en). Science 362 (6416): 839–842. doi:10.1126/science.aav4294. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 30337455. Bibcode: 2018Sci...362..839H. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Pausch, Patrick; Al-Shayeb, Basem; Bisom-Rapp, Ezra; Tsuchida, Connor A.; Li, Zheng; Cress, Brady F.; Knott, Gavin J.; Jacobsen, Steven E. et al. (2020-07-17). "CRISPR-CasΦ from huge phages is a hypercompact genome editor" (in en). Science 369 (6501): 333–337. doi:10.1126/science.abb1400. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32675376. Bibcode: 2020Sci...369..333P. 
  11. ↑ Hart, Robert. "Mammoth Biosciences Inks $691 Million Deal With Vertex For Crispr Gene-Editing Therapies" (in en). https://www.forbes.com/sites/roberthart/2021/10/26/mammoth-biosciences-inks-691-million-deal-to-develop-crispr-gene-editing-therapies/. 
  12. ↑ Burger, Ludwig; Weiss, Patricia (2022-01-10). "Bayer in gene therapy collaboration with Mammoth Biosciences" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/bayer-gene-therapy-collaboration-with-mammoth-biosciences-2022-01-10/. 




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