Earth:Hudson Mountains
| Hudson Mountains | |
|---|---|
Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 408: Malformed coordinates value.
| |
| Highest point | |
| Peak | Mount Moses |
| Elevation | 750 m (2,460 ft) |
| Coordinates | Template:Coord/display/inline,intitle [1] |
| Geography | |
| Location | Ellsworth Land, Antarctica |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Stratovolcanoes |
| Last eruption | 210 BCE[2] |
| Hudson Mountains |
|---|
The Hudson Mountains are a mountain range in western Ellsworth Land just east of Pine Island Bay at the Walgreen Coast of the Amundsen Sea. They are of volcanic origin, consisting of low scattered mountains and nunataks that protrude through the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The Hudson Mountains are bounded on the north by Cosgrove Ice Shelf and on the south by Pine Island Glacier. The mountains were volcanically active during the Miocene and Pliocene, but there is evidence for an eruption about two millennia ago and uncertain indications of activity in the 20th century.
Geography and geomorphology
The Hudson Mountains rise in western Ellsworth Land[3] of West Antarctica[4] and were discovered in 1940 by the United States Antarctic Service Expedition.[5] The mountains lie at some distance from the Amundsen Sea's Walgreen Coast,[6] facing Pine Island Bay.[7] The Cosgrove Ice Shelf lies north of the Hudson Mountains.[8] The 17[9] mountains are remote and visits are rare.[10] They were visited in 1968,[lower-alpha 1] 2006, 2007, 2010, 2019-2020 and 2022-2023.[12]
The mountains are a volcanic field formed by parasitic vents and stratovolcanoes[1] covered in snow and ice,[13] forming a cold desert landscape[14] with an area of about 8,400 square kilometres (3,200 sq mi).[10] About 20 mountains emerge above the Antarctic Ice Sheet in the form of nunataks,[13][15] with the largest rocky outcrops found at Mount Moses and Maish Nunatak.[16] The stratovolcanoes Mount Manthe, Mount Moses, and Teeters Nunatak constitute the bulk of the volcanic field and are heavily eroded. Better preserved are some parasitic cones and volcanic craters[17] which appear to have formed on these three volcanoes.[18] Dean Nunataks has a recognizable volcanic crater,[19] while other nunataks consist of ridges and domes.[20] Meltwater ponds form in locations where sunlight is absorbed by rocks and warms them sufficiently to melt snow,[21] and may form repeatedly in the same places.[22]
Mount Manthe is covered by an ice cap,[23] and many Hudson Mountains are partly or entirely covered in ice.[20] The Lucchitta and Pine Island Glaciers run along the northern and southern margins of the Hudson Mountains, respectively,[12] and receive tributary glaciers from them,[12][24] while the Larter Glacier traverses the Hudson Mountains between Mount Moses and Mount Manthe.[25] Bergschrunds (gaps between ice and rock)[26] and blue-ice areas occur where the glaciers onlap on the mountains.[27] The glaciers are rapidly thinning owing to global warming.[28]
The highest point of the Hudson Mountains are Mount Manthe and Koehler Nunatak, which reach elevations of 960 metres (3,150 ft) and 874 metres (2,867 ft) above sea level, respectively.[29] Other summits are Mount Moses (749 metres (2,457 ft) above sea level), Teeters Nunatak (617 metres (2,024 ft)) and Mount Manthe (576 metres (1,890 ft)). Other named structures are:[30]
- Inman Nunatak east-southeast, Meyers Nunatak southeast, Shepherd Dome south, 495 metres (1,624 ft) high Webber Nunatak (which has a crater on its northern side[31]) west and Evans Knoll west-southwest of Mount Manthe; there are additional unnamed features southeast of Inman Nunatak and south/southwest of Webber Nunatak.[30]
- Mount Moses is almost due north of Mount Manthe; Siren Rock lies far east of Mount Moses, while 536 metres (1,759 ft) high Slusher Nunatak and 574 metres (1,883 ft) high Velie Nunatak are found north of Mount Moses and 232 metres (761 ft) high Maish Nunatak southwest of Mount Moses. Unnamed features exist between Maish and Moses and east-northeast from Moses.[30]
- West-northwest of Mount Moses is the 212 metres (696 ft) high Tighe Rock, followed to its north by Hodgson Nunatak and then Teeters Nunatak. To the northwest of Teeters is first an unnamed feature, then Mount Nickens. Northeast of Mount Nickens are Pryor Cliff and Kenfield Nunatak.[30]
- There may be about three to eleven volcanoes buried under ice in the Hudson Mountains.[24]
The volcanoes are made up by breccia, palagonite tuff,[1] scoriaceous lava flows and tuffs. At Mount Nickles [32] and Mount Moses there are pillow lavas. Lava fragments are dispersed on the slopes of Mount Moses.[33] Volcanic rock sequences that were emplaced under water and under ice are overlaid by volcanic products that were deposed under the atmosphere,[17] there are deposits of volcanic ash and breccia produced by hydromagmatic activity[4] and tuya-like shapes associated with subglacial growth of the volcanoes.[34] At Mount Moses, erosion has exposed dykes.[33] Glaciers have deposited erratic blocks[lower-alpha 2],Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". glacial till,Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". morainesLua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and moraines on the Hudson Mountains,Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and left glacial striations on the pillow lavas of Mount Moses.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Frost weathering takes placeLua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and produced patterned ground at Dean Nunataks.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Physical weathering has yielded soils in some areas,Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". while wind erosion has produced ventifacts at Mount Moses.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Volcanic glass found in the Pine Island Glacier probably originates in the Hudson Mountains.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Geology
Neighbouring Marie Byrd Land was volcanically active during the Cenozoic, forming a number of volcanoes, some of which are buried under ice, while others emerge above the ice sheet. The Hudson Mountains are part of the Thurston IslandLua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". or Bellingshausen Volcanic Province, and are its largest and best preserved volcanic field.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". The volcanism at the mountains may have either been caused by a mantle plume under Marie Byrd Land or by the presence of anomalies (slab windows) in the mantle left over by subduction.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Seismic tomography has found evidence of low velocity anomalies under the Hudson Mountains, which may reflect the presence of the Marie Byrd Land mantle plume.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
The bedrock around the Hudson Mountains lies below sea level.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". The basement on which the volcanoes formed is not exposed in the Hudson Mountains, but crops out in the neighbouring Jones MountainsLua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and consists of 175 million years old granites.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". It forms the so-called Thurston Island tectonic block.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Below the Hudson Mountains, the crust is about Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". thick.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". A proposal by Lopatin and Polyakov 1974 is that east and north-trending fractures have controlled the position of the volcanoes.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Composition
The main volcanic rocks include alkali basalt,Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". basalt, hawaiite and tephriteLua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". containing olivine and plagioclase.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". They define an alkaline suite, some samples trend towards subalkaline.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Ultramafic nodules have been reported from some rocks.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". The magmas erupted by the volcanoes may have originated in a mantle that had been influenced by subduction,Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and underwent fractionation of olivine as they ascended.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Palagonite occurs where weathering took place.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Life and climate
Sparse lichens grow on most of the nunataks,Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". including Usnea species.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Mosses have been found growing in gaps between or cracks in boulders.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Petrels have been observed.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". There are no data on the local climate.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". An automated weather station was installed on Evans Knoll in 2011 and records air temperatures and wind speeds.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Geologic history
The volcanoes were active during the late Miocene and Pliocene.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Only from two volcanoes have rocks been dated, Mount Manthe yielding 8.5±1.0 million years and Velie Nunatak yielding 3.7±0.2 million years;Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". older dates in the literature are 20±4 million yearsLua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and 32.8 million years.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". There is no evidence of an age progression in any direction.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Ice cover was thicker on the Hudson Mountains during the Last Glacial Maximum, perhaps by about Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".,Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and submerged all mountains except maybe for Webber Nunatak.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Retreat commenced about 14,000Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".-10,000 years ago;Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". however, glaciers were still thicker than today during the early Holocene and deposited rocks on the Hudson Mountains.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Another thinning step began about 8,000 years ago and was very fast, perhaps lasting only a century.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Radar data have found a tephra deposit buried under the ice, which may have originated during an eruption of the Hudson Mountains around Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". BCE;Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". the eruption may correspond to an electrical conductivity anomaly in an ice core at Siple DomeLua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and a tephra layer dated to 325 BCE in the Byrd Station ice core. The eruption may have had a volcanic explosivity index of 3-4Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and originated in an area east of the main Hudson Mountains.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". LeMasurier et al. 1990 referenced reports of activity in the Hudson Mountains.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". These include a report of steaming at one of the nunataks and of satellite data of a potential eruption in 1985 of Webber Nunatak,Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". but the report of this eruption is questionable.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". There is no evidence of increased heat flow or morphological changes at Webber Nunatak since then,Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". but there is ongoing volcanic seismicityLua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". and anomalies in helium isotope ratios from the Pine Island Glacier ice have been attributed to volcanic activity in the Hudson Mountains.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Named features
The southern part of the mountains includes, from west to east, Evans Knoll, Webber Nunatak, Shepherd Dome, Mount Manthe, Inman Nunatak, Meyers Nunatak and Wold Nunatak. The central part includes, from west to east, Tighe Rock, Maish Nunatak, Mount Moses, Velie Nunatak, Slusher Nunatak and Siren Rock. Features to the north, from south to north, include Hodgson Nunatak, Teeters Nunatak, Mount Nickens, Pryor Cliff and Kenfield Nunatak.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Evans Knoll
[ ⚑ ] 74°51′S 100°25′W / 74.85°S 100.417°W. A mainly snow-covered knoll on the coast at the north side of the terminus of Pine Island Glacier. It lies Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". southwest of Webber Nunatak and marks the southwest end of the Hudson Mountains. Mapped from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp, 1946-47. Named by US-ACAN for Donald J. Evans who studied very-lowfrequency emissions from the upper atmosphere at Byrd Station,1960-61.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Webber Nunatak
[ ⚑ ] 74°47′S 99°50′W / 74.783°S 99.833°W. A nunatak Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". high standing Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". west of Mount Manthe. Mapped from air photos taken by United States Navy Operation Highjump (OpHjp), 1946–47. Named by US-ACAN for George E. Webber, electrical engineer at Byrd Station, 1967.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Shepherd Dome
[ ⚑ ] 74°52′S 99°33′W / 74.867°S 99.55°W. A low dome-shaped mountain at the north side of Pine Island Glacier, standing Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". southwest of Mount Manthe. Mapped from air photos made by United States Navy OpHjp, 1946-47. Named by US-ACAN for Donald C. Shepherd, ionospheric physicist at Byrd Station, 1967.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Mount Manthe
[ ⚑ ] 74°47′S 99°21′W / 74.783°S 99.35°W. A mountain Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". high standing Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". north-northeast of Shepherd Dome, in the south part of the Hudson Mountains. Mapped from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp, 1946-47. Named by US-ACAN for Lawrene L. Manthe, meteorologist at Byrd Station, 1967.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Inman Nunatak
[ ⚑ ] 74°49′S 98°54′W / 74.817°S 98.9°W. A nunatak standing Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". east of Mount Manthe in the southeast part of the Hudson Mountains. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-ACAN for Martin M. Inman, auroral scientist at Byrd Station, 1960–61 and 1961-62 seasons.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Meyers Nunatak
[ ⚑ ] 74°54′S 98°46′W / 74.9°S 98.767°W. A nunatak located Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". east-southeast of Mount Manthe, at the southeast end of the Hudson Mountains. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-ACAN for Herbert Meyers, USARP geomagnetist at Byrd Station, 1960-61.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Wold Nunatak
[ ⚑ ] 74°47′S 98°38′W / 74.783°S 98.633°W. A nunatak standing Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". east of Mount Manthe in the southeast part of the Hudson Mountains. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-ACAN for Richard J. Wold, USARP geologist at Byrd Station, 1960-61 season.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Koehler Nunatak
[ ⚑ ] 74°52′S 98°08′W / 74.867°S 98.133°W. Isolated nunatak about Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". east-southeast of Mount Manthe, at the southeast margin of the Hudson Mountains. Mapped by USGS from ground surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-ACAN for Walter Koehler, United States Army Aviation Detachment, helicopter pilot for the Ellsworth Land Survey, 1968-69.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Tighe Rock
[ ⚑ ] 74°26′S 100°04′W / 74.433°S 100.067°W. A rock outcropping along the coastal slope at the west margin of the Hudson Mountains, located Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". northwest of Mount Moses. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-ACAN for Robert F. Tighe, electrical engineer at Byrd Station, 1964-65.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Maish Nunatak
[ ⚑ ] 74°36′S 99°28′W / 74.6°S 99.467°W. A nunatak located Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". west-southwest of Mount Moses, in the central part of the Hudson Mountains. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-ACAN for F. Michael Maish, ionospheric physicist at Byrd Station in 1967, who served as United States exchange scientist at Vostok Station in 1969.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Mount Moses
[ ⚑ ] 74°33′S 99°11′W / 74.55°S 99.183°W. The highest Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". high and most prominent of the Hudson Mountains, located near the center of the group, about Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". north-northeast of Mount Manthe. Mapped from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp, 1946–47. Named by US-ACAN for Robert L. Moses, geomagnetist-seismologist at Byrd Station, 1967.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Dean Nunataks
[ ⚑ ] 74°31′S 98°48′W / 74.517°S 98.8°W. Two nunataks lying about Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". east-northeast of Mount Moses. Mapped by USGS from ground surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-ACAN for William S. Dean of Pleasanton, Texas, who served as ham radio contact in the United States for the Ellsworth Land Survey party of 1968-69, and for other USARP field parties over a three year period.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Velie Nunatak
[ ⚑ ] 74°23′S 99°10′W / 74.383°S 99.167°W. A nunatak located Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". north of Mount Moses. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-AC AN for Edward C. Velie, meteorologist at Byrd Station, 1967.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Slusher Nunatak
[ ⚑ ] 74°27′S 99°06′W / 74.45°S 99.1°W. A nunatak lying Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". north of Mount Moses. Mapped from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp, 1946-47. Named by US-ACAN for Harold E. Slusher, meteorologist at Byrd Station, 1967.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Siren Rock
[ ⚑ ] 74°33′S 98°24′W / 74.55°S 98.4°W. A fairly isolated rock lying Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". east of-Mount Moses, in the east part of the Hudson Mountains. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-ACAN for Jan C. Siren, radio scientist at Byrd Station, 1967.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Hodgson Nunatak
[ ⚑ ] 74°17′S 100°04′W / 74.283°S 100.067°W. A nunatak which lies Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". south of Teeters Nunatak and Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". northwest of Mount Moses. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-ACAN for Ronald A. Hodgson, United States Navy, builder with the Byrd Station party, 1966.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Teeters Nunata
[ ⚑ ] 74°12′S 100°01′W / 74.2°S 100.017°W. A nunatak Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". high standing Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". north of Hodgson Nunatak. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-ACAN for Robert E. Teeters, United States Navy, storekeeper at Byrd Station, 1966.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Rebholz Nunatak
[ ⚑ ] 74°05′S 100°13′W / 74.083°S 100.217°W. Isolated nunatak just north of the Hudson Mountains, located Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". north-northwest of Teeters Nunatak. Mapped by USGS from ground surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-ACAN for Major Edward Rebholz, operations officer of the United States Army Aviation Detachment which supported the Ellsworth Land Survey, 1968-69.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Mount Nickens
[ ⚑ ] 73°56′S 100°20′W / 73.933°S 100.333°W. A snow-covered mesa-type mountain with a steep northern rock face, marking the northwest extremity of the Hudson Mountains. It stands just east of the base of Canisteo Peninsula and overlooks Cosgrove Ice Shelf. Mapped from air photos taken by United States Navy OpHjp, 1946-47. Named by US-ACAN for Herbert P. Nickens, map compilation specialist who contributed significantly to the construction of USGS sketch maps of Antarctica.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Pryor Cliff
[ ⚑ ] 73°53′S 100°00′W / 73.883°S 100°W. A distinctive rock cliff which faces northward toward Cosgrove Ice Shelf, standing Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". northeast of Mount Nickens at the north end of the Hudson Mountains. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-ACAN for Douglas A. Pryor, map compilation specialist who contributed significantly to construction of USGS sketch maps of Antarctica.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Kenfield Nunatak
[ ⚑ ] 73°46′S 99°03′W / 73.767°S 99.05°W. An isolated nunatak which lies about Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". southeast of the head of Cosgrove Ice Shelf and Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". east-northeast of Pryor Cliff, at the extreme north end of the Hudson Mountains. Mapped by USGS from ground surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-66. Named by US-ACAN for Richard E. Kenfield, USGS topographic engineer working from Byrd Station in the 1963-64 season.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Notes
- ↑ They were prospected as a potential aircraft landing site in 1991.[11]
- ↑ Typical erratic blocks on the Hudson Mountains consist of alkali granite, gabbro, granite, granodiorite, syenite and tonalite.[35] None of these rocks occur in the Hudson Mountains and their real source is unclear,Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". but appears to reflect distinct "upstream catchments" for each sector of the Hudson Mountains.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". One erratics population at World's End Bluff may come from the underlying basement.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 259.
- ↑ "Hudson Mountains". Smithsonian Institution. https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=390028.
- ↑ Gohl 2007, p. 68.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Corr & Vaughan 2008, p. 122.
- ↑ LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 293.
- ↑ LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 258.
- ↑ Johnson et al. 2014, p. 999.
- ↑ Djoumna & Holland 2021, p. 3.
- ↑ Johnson et al. 2025, p. 1.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Smellie & Edwards 2016, p. 21.
- ↑ Swithinbank 1991, p. 11.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Johnson et al. 2025, p. 2.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Wilch, McIntosh & Panter 2021, p. 564.
- ↑ Abakumov 2010, p. 298.
- ↑ Bockheim 2015, p. 187.
- ↑ Abakumov 2010, p. 299.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 261.
- ↑ LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 289.
- ↑ Johnson et al. 2025, pp. 7, 8.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Johnson et al. 2025, p. 308.
- ↑ Johnson et al. 2025, p. 9.
- ↑ Johnson et al. 2025, p. 10.
- ↑ Johnson et al. 2025, p. 12.
- ↑ Nichols et al. 2023, p. 2.
- ↑ Johnson et al. 2025, p. 311.
- ↑ Johnson et al. 2025, p. 314.
- ↑ Johnson et al. 2014, pp. 999–1000.
- ↑ Johnson et al. 2025, pp. 3, 4.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 290.
- ↑ LeMasurier et al. 1990, p. 291.
- ↑ WADE & La PRADE 1969, p. 93.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 Gohl 2007, p. 69.
- ↑ Wilch, McIntosh & Panter 2021, p. 565.
- ↑ Johnson et al. 2025, p. 13.
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