Earth:Marshalltown Formation

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Marshalltown Formation
Stratigraphic range: Middle to Late Campanian, 75–72 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofMonmouth Group
UnderliesWenonah Formation
OverliesEnglishtown Formation
Lithology
PrimaryGlauconite, sandstone
OtherSiderite
Location
RegionNew Jersey, Delaware
CountryUnited States
Type section
Named forMarshalltown, New Jersey

The Marshalltown Formation is a Late Cretaceous (Campanian)-aged geologic formation in New Jersey and Delaware, US. Dinosaur remains diagnostic to the genus level are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. It contains the most extensive Campanian-aged dinosaur fauna from New Jersey and Delaware.[1][2]

The famous Ellisdale Fossil Site, a konzentrat-lagerstätten which contains one of the most diverse Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages (likely rapidly buried in a massive flood event) known from eastern North America/former Appalachia, is an exposure of this formation.[3]

The Marshalltown Formation stretches across southern New Jersey to northern Delaware, and is largely composed of marine sediments deposited off the eastern shore of Appalachia, although the Ellisdale site represents a fluvio-deltaic or tidal-estuarine environment reminiscent of the modern Albemarle Sound, and thus has more of a terrestrial influence.[3][4]

Vertebrate paleobiota

Based on the Paleobiology Database:[5][6]

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images

Bony fish

Based on:[5][6]

Bony fish of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
Acipenser A. sp. Ellisdale Site A sturgeon. frameless
Anomoeodus A. phaseolus Ellisdale Site, St. Georges A pycnodont.
Atractosteus A. sp. Ellisdale Site A gar. frameless
Cyclurus C. cf. fragosus Ellisdale Site An amiid related to bowfins. frameless
cf. Cylindracanthus C. sp. St. George's A fish of uncertain affinities. frameless
Enchodus E. ferox Ellisdale Site, St. Georges An enchodontid aulopiform. frameless
E. sp. St. Georges
cf. Lepisosteus L. sp. St. Georges A gar. frameless
Paralbula P. casei Ellisdale Site, St. Georges A phyllodontid elopomorph.
cf. "Platacodon" P. sp. Ellisdale Site A sciaenid-like fish.
Stephanodus S. sp. St. Georges A pycnodont.
Xiphactinus X. audax Ellisdale Site An ichthyodectid. frameless
X. sp. St. Georges

Amphibians

Amphibians of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
Albanerpetontidae indet. Ellisdale Site An albanerpetontid.
Alytidae indet. An alytid frog.
cf. Habrosaurus H. sp. A sirenid salamander. frameless
Parrisia P. neocesariensis A batrachosauroidid salamander. Type locality of genus and species.[7]
Pelobatidae indet. A relative of European spadefoot toads.
cf. Proamphiuma P. sp. A sirenid salamander.
cf. Scotiophryne S. sp. A frog of uncertain affinities.
cf. Theatonius T. sp. A frog of uncertain affinities.

Reptiles

Dinosaurs

Based on Brownstein (2018):[8][9]

Dinosaurs of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
"Coelosaurus" C. antiquus An ornithomimosaur. frameless
Coelurosauria indet. Ellisdale Site A coelurosaur theropod of uncertain affinities.
Dromaeosauridae indet. A dromaeosaurid theropod of uncertain affinities.
Dryptosaurus D. sp. A tyrannosauroid theropod. Specimens from this formation might belong to Appalachiosaurus instead.[10] frameless
Hadrosauridae indet. A hadrosaurid ornithopod.
?Hadrosauroidea indet. A hadrosauroid ornithopod.
Hadrosaurus H. foulkii A hadrosaurid ornithopod. frameless
?H. sp.
Hypsibema H. crassicauda A hadrosauroid ornithopod. frameless
Nodosauridae indet. A nodosaurid ankyosaur.
Ornithopoda indet. An ornithopod of uncertain affinities.

Crocodilians

Crocodilians of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
cf. "Allognathosuchus" "A". sp. Ellisdale Site An alligatorid.
cf. Brachychampsa B. sp. Ellisdale Site An alligatorid. frameless
Deinosuchus D. rugosus Ellisdale Site An alligatoroid, one of the largest known crocodilians. Remains of both juveniles and adults known.[11] frameless
"Diplocynodon" "D". sp. Ellisdale Site An alligatorid.
"Leidyosuchus" "L". sp. Cambridge Crossing Executive Park An alligatorid.[12]

Turtles

Turtles of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
Adocus A. beatus Ellisdale Site An adocid.
Chedighaii C. barberi Ellisdale Site A bothremydid side-necked turtle.
Corsochelys C. sp. Ellisdale Site A dermochelyid sea turtle.
Trionychidae indet. Ellisdale Site, St. Georges A softshell turtle of uncertain affinities.

Plesiosaurs

Plesiosaurs of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
"Elasmosaurus" "E." orientalis Swedesboro Two back vertebrae An elasmosaurid, species name is a nomen dubium due to fragmentary nature.[13] frameless

Squamates

Squamates of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
Clidastes C. iguanavus Swedesboro A mosasaurine mosasaur. Type locality of species.[13] frameless
cf. C. sp. St. Georges
?Contogenys C. sp. Ellisdale Site A globaurid lizard.
cf. Globidens G. sp. St. Georges A globidensine mosasaur. frameless
Glyptosaurinae indet. Ellisdale Site An anguid lizard.
cf. Halisaurus H. sp. Ellisdale Site A halisaurine mosasaur. frameless
Haptosphenus H. sp. Ellisdale Site A chamopsid lizard.
cf. Odaxosaurus O. sp. Ellisdale Site An anguid lizard.
cf. Machaerosaurus M. sp. Ellisdale Site An anguid lizard.
Prototeius P. stageri Ellisdale Site A chamopsid lizard. Type locality of genus and species.[14]

Choristodera

Choristoderes of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
Neochoristodera indet. Ellisdale Site 1 vertebra A neochoristodere, one of the very few records of this group from eastern North America.[15]

Mammals

Based on Grandstaff et al (1992):[16]

Mammals of the Marshalltown Formation
Genus Species Member Location Material Notes Images
Cimolodontidae indet. Ellisdale Site A cimolodontid multituberculate.
Cimolomys C. cf. clarki A cimolomyid multiberculate. frameless
cf. Didelphodon D. sp. A stagodontid metatherian. frameless
Protalphadon P. lulli A metatherian.

See also

  • List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
    • List of stratigraphic units with few dinosaur genera

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.
  2. ↑ "Geolex — Marshalltown publications". https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/UnitRefs/MarshalltownRefs_2656.html. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "PBDB Collection". https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=14455. 
  4. ↑ Denton, Robert (2022-04-07). "ALBEMARLE SOUND NC - A MODERN ANALOG FOR THE ELLISDALE FOSSIL SITE (LATE CRETACEOUS, CAMPANIAN, NJ)" (in English). Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs (GSA) 54 (4). doi:10.1130/abs/2022NC-373518. Bibcode: 2022GSAA...5473518D. https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2022NC/webprogram/Paper373518.html. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "PBDB Collection". https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=14455. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "PBDB Collection". https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=27570. 
  7. ↑ Denton Jr., Robert K.; O'Neill, Robert C. (1998-09-15). "Parrisia neocesariensis, a new batrachosauroidid salamander and other amphibians from the Campanian of eastern North America". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18 (3): 484–494. doi:10.1080/02724634.1998.10011076. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 1998JVPal..18..484D. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1998.10011076. 
  8. ↑ Brownstein, Chase D. (2018-02-08). "The biogeography and ecology of the Cretaceous non-avian dinosaurs of Appalachia" (in en). Palaeontologia Electronica 21 (1): 1–56. doi:10.26879/801. ISSN 1094-8074. https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2018/2123-appalachia-biogeography. 
  9. ↑ Brownstein, Chase D. (2018). "The distinctive theropod assemblage of the Ellisdale site of New Jersey and its implications for North American dinosaur ecology and evolution during the Cretaceous" (in en). Journal of Paleontology 92 (6): 1115–1129. doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.42. ISSN 0022-3360. Bibcode: 2018JPal...92.1115B. 
  10. ↑ Mortimer, Mickey (2024). "Tyrannosauroidea". https://theropoddatabase.github.io/Tyrannosauroidea.html. 
  11. ↑ Brownstein, Chase Doran (2019-04-01). "First Record of a Small Juvenile Giant Crocodyliform and its Ontogenetic and Biogeographic Implications". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History 60 (1): 81. doi:10.3374/014.060.0104. ISSN 0079-032X. Bibcode: 2019BPMNH..60...81B. https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-peabody-museum-of-natural-history/volume-60/issue-1/014.060.0104/First-Record-of-a-Small-Juvenile-Giant-Crocodyliform-and-its/10.3374/014.060.0104.full. 
  12. ↑ "PBDB Collection". https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=167663. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "PBDB Collection". https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicCollectionSearch?collection_no=109662. 
  14. ↑ Denton Jr., Robert K.; O'Neill, Robert C. (1995-06-13). "Prototeius stageri, Gen. et sp. Nov., a New Teiid Lizard from the Upper Cretaceous Marshalltown Formation of New Jersey, with a Preliminary Phylogenetic Revision of the Teiidae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 15 (2): 235–253. doi:10.1080/02724634.1995.10011227. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 1995JVPal..15..235D. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1995.10011227. 
  15. ↑ Dudgeon, Thomas W.; Landry, Zoe; Callahan, Wayne R.; Mehling, Carl M.; Ballwanz, Steven (2021). "An Appalachian population of neochoristoderes (Diapsida, Choristodera) elucidated using fossil evidence and ecological niche modelling" (in en). Palaeontology 64 (5): 629–643. doi:10.1111/pala.12545. ISSN 1475-4983. Bibcode: 2021Palgy..64..629D. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pala.12545. 
  16. ↑ Grandstaff, Barbara S.; Parris, David C.; Robert K. Denton, Jr.; Gallagher, William B. (1992). "Alphadon (Marsupialia) and Multituberculata (Allotheria) in the Cretaceous of Eastern North America". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 12 (2): 217–222. doi:10.1080/02724634.1992.10011450. ISSN 0272-4634. Bibcode: 1992JVPal..12..217G. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4523441. 

References

  • Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. 861 pp. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.



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