Biology:Aulopiformes

From HandWiki
Short description: Order of fishes

Aulopiformes
Temporal range: 125–0 Ma
Early Cretaceous to present[1]
Synodus variegatus.jpg
Variegated lizardfish, Synodus variegatus
(Synodontoidei: Synodontidae)
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Clade: Eurypterygii
Superorder: Cyclosquamata
Order: Aulopiformes
D. E. Rosen, 1973
Type genus
Aulopus
Cloquet, 1816
Suborders
  • Alepisauroidei
  • Chlorophthalmoidei
  • †Enchodontoidei
  • Giganturoidei
  • Synodontoidei
Synonyms

Macristiidae (see text)

Aulopiformes /ˈɔːləpɪfɔːrmiːz/ is a diverse order of marine ray-finned fish consisting of some 15 extant and several prehistoric families with about 45 genera and over 230 species. The common names grinners, lizardfishes and allies, or aulopiforms are sometimes used for this group. The scientific name means "Aulopus-shaped", from Aulopus (the type genus) + the standard fish order suffix "-formes". It ultimately derives from Ancient Greek aulós (αὐλός, "flute" or "pipe") + Latin forma ("external form"), the former in reference to the elongated shape of many aulopiforms.[2][3][4]

They are grouped together because of common features in the structure of their gill arches. Indeed, many authors have considered them so distinct as to warrant separation in a monotypic superorder of the Teleostei, under the name Cyclosquamata. However, monotypic taxa are generally avoided by modern taxonomists if not necessary, and in this case a distinct superorder seems indeed unwarranted: together with the equally dubious superorder "Stenopterygii", the grinners appear to be so closely related to some Protacanthopterygii to be included in that superorder. In particular, this group might be the sister taxon of the Salmoniformes (salmon, trout, and relatives). As an alternative, the superorders are sometimes united as an unranked clade named Euteleostei, but in that case the Protacanthopterygii would need to be split further to account for the phylogenetic uncertainty. This would result in a highly cumbersome and taxonomically redundant group of two very small and no less than four monotypic superorders.[5][6]

An extinct clade of Aulopiformes, the suborder Enchodontoidei and its many constituent families, were dominant nektonic fish throughout much of the Late Cretaceous.[1][7]

Description

Many aulopiforms are deep-sea fishes, with some species recognized as being hermaphrodites, some with the ability to self-fertilise. Some are benthic, but most are pelagic nekton. In general, aulopiform fish have a mixture of advanced and primitive characteristics relative to other teleost fish.[5][8]

A shortnose greeneye, Chlorophthalmus agassizi
(Chlorophthalmoidei: Chlorophthalmidae)

Aulopiforms have either a vestigial gas bladder, or lack it entirely, a hypaxialis muscle that is unusually extended to forward at its upper end and attaches to the neurocranium below the spine (perhaps to snap the upper part of the skull down when catching prey) and the position of the maxillary bone. Their second pharyngobranchial is greatly elongated posterolaterally away from third pharyngobranchial, which lacks a cartilaginous condyle to articulate with the preceding, but is contacted by the elongated uncinate process of the second epibranchial. Other features include the position of the pelvic fins far back on the body, the fused medial processes of pelvic girdle, and the presence of an adipose fin (which is also typical for the Protacanthopterygii).[4][5][8]

The larvae of some Aulopiformes are extremely bizarre-looking, with elongated fins, and do not resemble the adult animals. They were not only described as distinct species, but also even separated as genera and finally in a family "Macristiidae" which was allied with various Protacanthopterygii (sensu lato), but the initial assessment – which found "Macristium" to resemble the deepwater lizardfishes (Bathysauridae) in some details – was not far off the mark: "Macristium" species are larvae of Bathysaurus, while the supposed other "macristiids", "Macristiella" species are larvae of the deepsea tripodfish Bathytyphlops.[9]

Classification

Lestrolepis japonica
(Alepisauroidei: Paralepididae)
Reconstruction of Enchodus petrosus from the Cretaceous of the Western Interior Seaway
(Enchodontoidei: Enchodontidae)
Highfin lizardfish, Bathysaurus mollis
(Giganturoidei: Bathysauridae)
  • Suborder Alepisauroidei
  • Suborder Chlorophthalmoidei
  • Suborder Enchodontoidei (including Halecoidei, Ichthyotringoidei, may belong in Alepisauroidei; fossil)
    • Genus Nardorex (fossil, tentatively placed here)
    • Genus Serrilepis (fossil, tentatively placed here)
    • Genus Yabrudichthys (fossil, tentatively placed here)
    • Family Apateopholidae (fossil)
    • Family Cimolichthyidae (fossil)
    • Family Dercetidae (fossil)
    • Family Enchodontidae (fossil)
    • Family Eurypholidae (fossil)
    • Family Halecidae (fossil)
    • Family Ichthyotringidae (fossil)
    • Family Prionolepididae (fossil)
  • Suborder Giganturoidei
    • Family Bathysauridae – deepwater lizardfishes
    • Family Giganturidae – telescopefishes
  • Suborder Synodontoidei

Timeline of genera

<timeline> ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px

Period = from:-145.5 till:15 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-145.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-145.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify

Colors = 

#legends
 id:CAR	  value:claret
 id:ANK 	 value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196)
 id:HER	  value:teal
 id:HAD	  value:green
 id:OMN	  value:blue
 id:black        value:black
 id:white        value:white
 id:cretaceous   value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31)
 id:earlycretaceous   value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65)
 id:latecretaceous   value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37)
 id:cenozoic     value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258)
 id:paleogene     value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32)
 id:paleocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37)
 id:eocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42)
 id:oligocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48)
 id:neogene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1)
 id:miocene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0)
 id:pliocene     value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68)
 id:quaternary   value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5)
 id:pleistocene   value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68)
 id:holocene   value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88)

BarData= 

bar:eratop
bar:space
bar:periodtop
bar:space
bar:NAM1
bar:NAM2
bar:NAM3
bar:NAM4
bar:NAM5
bar:NAM6
bar:NAM7
bar:NAM8
bar:NAM9

bar:space
bar:period
bar:space
bar:era

PlotData= 

align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
shift:(7,-4)

bar:periodtop
from: -145.5    till: -99.6    color:earlycretaceous    text:Early
from: -99.6    till: -65.5    color:latecretaceous    text:Late
from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleo.
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eo.
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligo.
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Mio.
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Pl.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pl.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

bar:eratop
from: -145.5    till: -65.5   color:cretaceous    text:Cretaceous
from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene
from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neogene
from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:Q.

PlotData= 

align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left

color:latecretaceous bar:NAM1  from:-99.6    till:-97.6 text:Nematonotus
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM2  from:-99.6    till:-83.5 text:Acrognathus
color:eocene bar:NAM3  from:-55.8    till:-48.6 text:Aulopopsis
color:eocene bar:NAM4 from:-55.8    till:-48.6 text:Labrophagus
color:eocene bar:NAM5 from:-55.8    till:0 text:Aulopus
color:eocene bar:NAM6 from:-37.2    till:0 text:Chlorophthalmus
color:eocene bar:NAM7 from:-37.2    till:0 text:Scopelosaurus
color:oligocene bar:NAM8  from:-28.4    till:0 text:Scopelarchus
color:pliocene bar:NAM9  from:-5.332    till:0 text:Notolepis

PlotData= 

align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25

bar:period
from: -145.5    till: -99.6    color:earlycretaceous    text:Early
from: -99.6    till: -65.5    color:latecretaceous    text:Late
from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleo.
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eo.
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligo.
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Mio.
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Pl.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pl.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

bar:era
from: -145.5    till: -65.5   color:cretaceous    text:Cretaceous
from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene
from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neogene
from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:Q.

</timeline>

Footnotes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Davis, Matthew P.; Fielitz, Christopher (2010-12-01). "Estimating divergence times of lizardfishes and their allies (Euteleostei: Aulopiformes) and the timing of deep-sea adaptations". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57 (3): 1194–1208. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.003. ISSN 1055-7903. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790310003702. 
  2. ↑ (Woodhouse 1910)
  3. ↑ (Glare 1982)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 FishBase (2000)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 (Nelson 2006)
  6. ↑ (Diogo 2008)
  7. ↑ Chida, Mori (Fall 2022). "A new species of dercetid and the assessment of the phylogeny of the Enchodontoidei (Teleostei: Aulopiformes)" (in en). https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/17b5d63d-cd83-45a3-a19a-8de2a5074903. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 (Johnson Eschmeyer)
  9. ↑ (Taylor 2009)
  10. ↑ Uyeno, Teruya. "A Miocene alepisauroid fish of a new family, Polymerichthyidae, from Japan." Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus 10 (1967): 383-394.

References

Wikidata ☰ Q781440 entry



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biology:Aulopiformes&oldid=3688547"