Engineering:Chevrolet Camaro

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Short description: Muscle car manufactured by Chevrolet


Chevrolet Camaro
2019 Chevrolet Camaro 2SS 6.2L front 3.16.19.jpg
Overview
ManufacturerChevrolet (General Motors)
Production
  • 1966–2002
  • 2009–2023
Model years
  • 1967–2002
  • 2010–2024
Body and chassis
Class
Body style
LayoutFR layout
Platform

The Chevrolet Camaro is a mid-size[1][2] United States automobile manufactured by Chevrolet, classified as a pony car.[3][4][5][6] It first went on sale on September 29, 1966, for the 1967 model year and was designed to compete with the Ford Mustang. The Camaro shared its platform and major components with the Firebird, produced by General Motors' Pontiac division that was also introduced for 1967.

Four distinct generations of the Camaro were developed before production ended in 2002. The nameplate was revived on a concept car that evolved into the fifth-generation Camaro; production started on March 16, 2009.[7]

The Camaro will be discontinued at the end of the 2024 model year. Production ended in December 2023.[8] However, Chevrolet has stated, "This is not the end of Camaro's story."[9]

Background

Before any official announcement, reports began running during April 1965 within the automotive press that Chevrolet was preparing a competitor to the Ford Mustang, code-named Panther.[10] On June 21, 1966, around 200 automotive journalists received a telegram from General Motors stating, "...please save noon of June 28 for important SEPAW meeting. Hope you can be on hand to help scratch a cat. Details will follow...(signed) John L. Cutter – Chevrolet public relations – SEPAW secretary." The following day, the same journalists received another General Motors telegram stating, "Society for the Eradication of Panthers from the Automotive World will hold first and last meeting on June 28...(signed) John L. Cutter – Chevrolet public relations SEPAW secretary." These telegrams puzzled automotive journalists.[10]

On June 28, 1966, General Motors held a live press conference in Detroit's Statler-Hilton Hotel. It was the first time that 14 cities were connected in real-time for a press conference via telephone lines.[10] Chevrolet general manager Pete Estes started the news conference stating that all attendees of the conference were charter members of the Society for the Elimination of Panthers from the Automotive World and that this would be the first and last meeting of SEPAW. Estes then announced a new car line, project designation XP-836, with a name that Chevrolet chose in keeping with other car names beginning with the letter C such as the Corvair, Chevelle, Chevy II, and Corvette. He claimed the name, "suggests the comradeship of good friends as a personal car should be to its owner" and that "to us, the name means just what we think the car will do... go." The Camaro name was then unveiled.[10] Automotive press asked Chevrolet product managers, "what is a Camaro?" and were told it was "a small, vicious animal that eats Mustangs,"[11] an obvious reference to the Ford Mustang, which created and dominated the Pony car market GM was entering.

According to the book The Complete Book of Camaro: Every Model Since 1967, the name Camaro was conceived by Chevrolet merchandising manager Bob Lund and General Motors vice president Ed Rollett, while they were reading the book Heath's French and English Dictionary by James Boïelle and by de V. Payen-Payne printed in 1936. In the book The Complete Book of Camaro, it states that Mr. Lund and Mr. Rollett found the word camaro in the French-English dictionary was slang, to mean "friend, pal, or comrade". The article further repeated Estes's statement of what the word camaro was meant to imply, that the car's name "suggests the comradeship of good friends, as a personal car should be to its owner".[12] The accepted French word with the closest meaning is "camarade," from which the English word "comrade" is derived.[13]

The Camaro was first shown at a press preview in Detroit on September 12, 1966, and later in Los Angeles, on September 19, 1966. The public introduction of the new model was on September 26, 1966.[14] The Camaro officially went on sale in dealerships on September 29, 1966, for the 1967 model year.[15]

First generation (1967–1969)

Main page: Engineering:Chevrolet Camaro (first generation)
A 1967 standard model

The first-generation Camaro debuted in September 1966. It was produced for the 1967 through 1969 model years on a new rear-wheel drive GM F-body platform as a two-door 2+2 in hardtop coupé and convertible models. The base engine was 230 cu in (3.8 L) inline-6, with a 250 cu in (4.1 L) six or 302 cu in (4.9 L), 307 cu in (5.0 L), 327 cu in (5.4 L), 350 cu in (5.7 L), and 396 cu in (6.5 L) V8s as options. Concerned with the runaway success of the Ford Mustang, Chevrolet executives realized that the sporty version of their compact rear-engine Corvair, the Monza, would not be able to generate the sales volume of the Mustang due to limitations with that layout (including its inability to share the whole range of Chevrolet engines) and declining sales, partly due to the negative publicity from Ralph Nader's book, Unsafe at Any Speed. Therefore, the Camaro was touted as having the same conventional rear-drive, front-engine configuration as the Mustang. In addition, the Camaro could borrow parts from the existing Chevy Nova the way the Mustang did from the Ford Falcon. The first-generation Camaro lasted until the 1969 model year and eventually inspired the design of the new retro fifth-generation Camaro.

The first-generation was available in Super Sport, Rally Sport, and beginning in December 1966 the high-performance Z/28, models. It came with stripes on the hood and trunk (that could be deleted at no charge), styled rally road wheels, and a special 302 cu in (4.9 L) V8 engine that had been developed for Trans Am series racing. The front vent windows were discontinued after the 1967 model year while safety side marker lights were introduced for 1968 models.

Second generation (1970–1981)

Main page: Engineering:Chevrolet Camaro (second generation)
Second-generation Camaro (1973 Z28 model shown)

Introduced in February 1970, the second-generation Camaro was produced through the 1981 model year, with cosmetic changes made for the 1974 and 1978 model years. The car was heavily restyled and became somewhat larger and wider with the new styling. Based on the F-body platform, the new Camaro was similar to its predecessor, with a unibody structure, front subframe, an A-arm front suspension, and leaf springs to control the solid rear axle. The 1980 and 1981 Z28 models included an air induction hood scoop with an intake door that opened under full throttle. The RS SS package was dropped in 1972 and reintroduced in 1996.

Road & Track included the 1971 SS350 as one of the 10 best cars in the world in August 1971.

Third generation (1982–1992)

Main page: Engineering:Chevrolet Camaro (third generation)
Third-generation Camaro (1984 Z/28 model shown)

The third-generation Camaro was produced from 1981 (for the 1982 model year) until 1992. These were the first Camaros to offer modern fuel injection, Turbo-Hydramatic 700R4 four-speed automatic transmissions, five-speed manual transmissions, 14-, 15- or 16-inch road wheels, a standard OHV 4-cylinder engine,[16] and hatchback bodies. The cars were nearly 500 pounds (227 kg) lighter than the second-generation model.

The IROC-Z was introduced in 1985 and continued through 1990. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Regulations required a CHMSL (Center High Mounted Stop Lamp) starting with the 1986 model year. For 1986, the new brake light was located on the exterior of the upper center area of the back hatch glass. Additionally, the 2.5 L Iron Duke pushrod 4-cylinder engine was dropped, and all base models now came with the 2.8 L V6 (OHV). For 1987 and later, the CHMSL was either mounted inside the upper hatch glass or integrated into a rear spoiler (if equipped). In 1985, the 305 cu in (5.0 L) small block V8 was available with indirect injection called "tuned port injection" (TPI). In 1987 the L98 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8 engine became a regular option on the IROC-Z, paired with an automatic transmission only. The convertible body style returned in 1987 after being last produced in 1969, and all models came with a special "20th Anniversary Commemorative Edition" leather map pocket. The 1992 models offered a "25th Anniversary Heritage Package" that included stripes and a unique spoiler plaque. Beginning in 1988, the 1LE performance package was introduced, optional on street models, and for showroom stock racing in the U.S. and Canada. The B4C, or "police" package, was made available beginning in 1991. This created a Z28 in more subtle RS styling.

Fourth generation (1993–2002)

Main page: Engineering:Chevrolet Camaro (fourth generation)
Fourth-generation Camaro (1993 Z28 model shown)

The fourth-generation Camaro debuted in 1993 on an updated F-body platform. It retained the same characteristics since its introduction in 1967: a coupé body style with 2+2 seating (with an optional T-top roof) or convertible (reintroduced in 1994), rear-wheel drive, pushrod 6-cylinder and V8 engines. The standard engine from 1993 through 1995 was a 3.4 L V6, then a 3.8 L V6 was introduced in 1995. A 350 MPFI (LT1) Small Block V-8 engine, which was introduced in the Corvette in 1992, was standard in the Z28. Optional equipment included all-speed traction control and a new six-speed T-56 manual transmission; the 4L60E 4-speed automatic transmission was standard on the Z28, yet optional on the V6 models which came with a 5-speed manual as standard. Anti-lock brakes were standard equipment on all Camaros.

A limited quantity of the SS version (1996-1997) came with the 330 HP LT4 small block engine from the Corvette, although most were equipped with the 275 hp LT1. The 1997 model year included a revised interior, and the 1998 models included exterior styling changes and a switch to GM's aluminum block LS1 used in the Corvette C5. In 1998, the 5.7 L LS1 was the first all-aluminum engine offered in a Camaro since the 1969 ZL-1 and was rated at 305 hp (227 kW; 309 PS).[17] The SS versions (1998-2002) received slightly improved exhaust and intake systems, bigger wheels and tires, a slightly revised suspension for improved handling and grip while retaining ride comfort, an arc-shaped rear wing for downforce, and different gearing ratios for faster acceleration, over the Z28 models. Chevrolet offered a 35th-anniversary edition for the 2002 model year.

Production of the F-Body platform was discontinued due to slowing sales, a deteriorating market for sports coupés, and plant overcapacity, but an entirely new platform went on sale in 2009. The B4C Special Service Package for police agencies was carried over from the 3rd generation & sold between 1993 and 2002.[18][19]

Fifth generation (2010–2015)

Main page: Engineering:Chevrolet Camaro (fifth generation)
Fifth-generation Camaro

The Camaro received a complete redesign and new platform in 2009 for the 2010 model year and fifth generation. Based on the 2006 Camaro Concept[20] and 2007 Camaro Convertible Concept, production of the fifth-generation Camaro was approved on August 10, 2006. The Oshawa Car Assembly plant in the city of Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, began producing the new Camaro[21] which went on sale in spring of 2009 as a 2010 model year vehicle.[22][23]

The new body used styling cues from the 1969 Camaro, including the grille, roof styling, quarter windows, and side trim. Unlike the 1969 model and the 2006 concept, the production model's quarter windows were fixed and hid a thick B-pillar behind the glass.

Following the development of the Zeta architecture and because of its position as the GM global center of RWD development, Holden in Australia led the final design, engineering, and development of the Camaro. Production of the coupé began on March 16, 2009, in LS, LT, and SS trim levels.[24][25] LS and LT models include a 3.6 L (220 cu in) V6 producing 312 hp (233 kW) for the 2010 and 2011 models mated to either a 6-speed manual or a 6-speed automatic with manual shift. The SS features the 6.2 L (376 cu in) LS3 V8 producing 426 hp (318 kW) and is paired with a 6-speed manual. The automatic SS has the L99 V8 with 400 hp (300 kW). The RS appearance package is available on both the LT and SS and features 20-inch wheels with a darker gray tone, halo rings around xenon headlamps, a unique spoiler, and red RS or SS badges.

In addition to the original 2012 Camaro LS model. Chevrolet offered a 2LS model with a 2.92 rear axle ratio that increased fuel economy.[26] The base engine 2012 model had a higher redline than previous V6 models, now reaching 7200 rpm. Almost all 2LS models had various styles of a rear spoiler.

On April 1, 2010, the Camaro was named the World Car Design of the Year at the World Car of the Year Awards.[27]

In late January 2011, the production of the 2011 Camaro Convertibles started. The first going to Rick Hendrick via Barrett-Jackson Car Auction. Convertibles had the same options as the coupé (engines, RS, SS, etc.). The Camaro convertible added an aluminum brace over the engine assembly, and under the transmission. Due to the 2011 Fukushima earthquake, certain pigments were not available to make certain colors.

In November 2011, the export version (excluding the Japanese version) of the Camaro was introduced after a two-year delay. The delay was due to unexpected domestic demand. The export version included different tail lamps with integrated reverse and amber turn signal lamps, larger external rearview mirrors with integrated side turn signal repeaters, a rear bumper without reverse light inserts, and other changes as to comply with ECE regulations.[28]

Although not in continuous production for the entire period, the 2012 model year marked the 45th anniversary of the Camaro and this was commemorated with a model available only in "Carbon Flash Metallic" paint. This edition Camaro also included a unique stripe package, red, white, and blue interior stitching as well as 45th edition exclusive 20-inch wheels. The V6 was updated to a 3.6 L "LFX" engine producing 323 hp (241 kW). The SS model received an upgrade to the suspension system. All models received the RS spoiler and taillight details, steering wheel-mounted volume and radio controls, and Bluetooth connectivity controls as standard. The 2012 ZL1 Camaro included a 6.2 L LSA supercharged V8 producing 580 hp (430 kW). This engine was first used in the Cadillac CTS-V for the 2009 model year. Other features included a 2-stage exhaust, the addition of suede seats, steering wheel, and shift knob, as well as ZL1-exclusive 20-inch aluminum wheels. In 2012, Chevrolet unveiled the production of the 2013 Camaro ZL1 Convertible.

The 2014 Camaro was unveiled at the 2013 New York Auto Show, with a refreshed body style and the return of a Z/28 model.[29] Upgrades included a slimmer grille along with a larger lower fascia and new fog lights along with taillights that took styling cues from the original first-generation Camaro. The RS appearance package incorporates LEDs into both the headlights and taillights. The Z/28 model features a high-performance 7.0 L LS7 V8 engine that produces 505 hp (377 kW),[30] the same engine used in the C6 Z06 Corvette. The new Z/28 features upgrades intended to improve lap times, and as with the original Z/28, air conditioning is an option. The Z/28 model retains only one speaker for the seat belt chime, the rear quarter glass has been thinned, rear seats have been thinned, and most of the sound deadening has been removed in an effort to reduce the weight of the vehicle.

Sixth generation (2016–2024)

Main page: Engineering:Chevrolet Camaro (sixth generation)
Sixth-generation Camaro

On May 16, 2015, Chevrolet introduced the sixth generation Camaro at Belle Isle Park in Detroit. The launch, complete with previous generation Camaros on display, coincided with the vehicle's upcoming 50th birthday.[31]

Using the GM Alpha platform shared with the Cadillac ATS, and manufactured at Lansing Grand River Assembly in Michigan,[32] sales of the sixth generation Camaro began in late 2015, starting with LT and SS models.[33]

The 2016 Camaro weighed 200 lb (91 kg) less than its predecessor. Over 70% of the sixth generation's architectural components are unique to the car and are not shared with any other current GM product.[34]

Motor Trend named the 2016 Camaro its "Car of the Year".[35]

Early production have three engine versions: a 2.0 L turbo-charged inline-four producing 275 hp (205 kW; 279 PS), a new 3.6 L V6 making 335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS), while the SS model features the 6.2 L LT1 V8 with 455 hp (339 kW; 461 PS); the ZL1 model will use a supercharged 650 hp (485 kW; 659 PS) LT4 based on the Corvette Z06,[36] and the transmissions are either a six-speed manual or an eight-speed automatic (the 2017 ZL1 will share the six-speed manual but has an optional ten-speed automatic transmission, with paddle shift).[32]

The 2016 Camaro[37] come equipped with both Apple CarPlay and Android Auto Capability features.

For the 2017 model year, the 1LE performance package returns to the Camaro. The package builds off the success of the previous-generation 1LE, offering increased handling and track performance. In response to customer demand, Chevrolet offers two distinct 1LE packages, for both V6 and V8 models, each visually distinguished with a satin black vinyl wrapped hood and specific wheels. This is done to prevent the sun from glaring into the drivers view when racing on a track.[38] The 2017 ZL1 Camaro has a top speed of 198 mph,[39] and a Nürburgring Nordschleife lap time of 7:29.60[40] The 2017 ZL1 edition is also one of the first cars with a 10-speed automatic transmission, making it the most unique one in its form.

For the 2018 model year, Chevrolet introduced the ZL1 1LE package for the Camaro. The new package tested to be three seconds faster around General Motors' Milford Road Course than the next-fastest ZL1 Camaro. The ZL1 1LE performance package introduces improved aerodynamics, a new racing-inspired adjustable suspension, and new lightweight forged aluminum wheels with Goodyear Eagle F1 Supercar 3R tires created especially for the ZL1 1LE. Overall the new performance package reduces the car's weight by 60 lb (27 kg) over the ZL1. The ZL1 1LE shares the ZL1's supercharged 650 hp (485 kW; 659 PS) LT4 engine paired with a six-speed manual transmission with Active Rev Match.[41] The 2018 ZL1 1LE, a manual transmission model driven by Camaro ride and handling engineer Bill Wise, clocked a Nurburgring Nordschleife time of 7:16.04, which was a substantial 13.56 seconds faster than the previous model year's non-1LE ZL1 with automatic transmission.[42]

Racing

A Vintage Trans-Am event featuring a Penske SCCA Camaro.
Camaro Cup race car

The Camaro was one of the vehicles in the SCCA-sanctioned Trans-Am Series. Chevrolet worked with Roger Penske to operate their unofficially factory-backed Trans Am team, winning the title in 1968 and 1969 with Mark Donohue. Jim Hall's Chaparral team replaced Penske for the 1970 season. Warren Agor of Rochester, NY, was the series' leading Camaro privateer, his orange #13's o, 1993, 1994, and 1998.

There was also another SCCA Trans-Am Series Camaro that was not popular because of racing but because of its body modifications. This Camaro, number 13, had been built and driven by Henry “Smokey” Yunick. Smokey Yunick was a car builder who worked to reduce the weight of his cars by acid-dipping body parts and installing thinner safety glass.

Camaro-styled cars also race in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, with all Chevrolet teams having used the body since 2013.

The Penske/Donohue Camaros also had the front sheet metal dropped, all four fenders widened, the windshield laid back, the front sub-frame “Z’d” to lower the car, the floor pan moved up and even the drip-rails were moved closer to the body. This Camaro had always kept its stock look and had a 302 engine that was able to produce 482 hp (359 kW; 489 PS). One part that had come out of his testing was the Edelbrock Cross-Manifold.

Bob Jane won both the 1971 and 1972 Australian Touring Car Championships at the wheel of a Camaro.[43]

The Camaro was the official car of and used in the International Race of Champions starting in 1975 and lasting for 12 years until 1989. It was the first American car of the series succeeding the Porsche Carrera RSR.

Camaros are a favorite in drag racing, having won many championships, and can be currently found in several series from the National Hot Rod Association, International Hot Rod Association, and United States Hot Rod Association. Road racing Camaros can currently be found in the Sports Car Club of America's American Sedan series. They have also been the vehicle used in the Swedish Camaro Cup series since 1975.

The Camaro was the Indianapolis 500 Pace Car in 1967, 1969, 1982, 1993, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2014, and 2016. The Camaro also paced races at Daytona, Watkins Glen, Mosport in Canada, and Charlotte Motor Speedway.

The Camaro was also a regular in the IMSA GT Series.

The fifth-generation Camaro took to the tracks in 2010 in the GT class of the Grand Am Road Racing Championship. Stevenson Motorsports announced that it was seeking to run a two-car team of Pratt & Miller built cars, based on the same spaceframe as the Pontiac GXP-R.[44] The team also competed with Camaros in the Grand Sports class of the Grand-Am's Continental Tire Challenge.[45]

The Camaro ZL1 was introduced in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series in 2018, replacing the discontinued Chevrolet SS.[46] On February 18, 2018, Austin Dillon won the Daytona 500 in the ZL1's debut. In the 2020 season, Chase Elliott won the Camaro's first NASCAR Championship in the last race of the season.

In 2023, the Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 will join the Australian Supercars Championship to replace the Holden Commodore ZB.[47] The prototype will run demonstration runs at all rounds of the 2022 Supercars Championship

Sales

Model year Total sales[48]
1967 220,906
1968 235,147
1969 243,085
1970 124,901
1971 114,630
1972 68,651
1973 96,571
1974 151,008
1975 145,770
1976 182,959
Model year Total sales
1977 218,853
1978 272,631
1979 282,571
1980 152,005
1981 126,139
1982 189,747
1983 154,381
1984 261,591
1985 180,018
1986 192,219
Model year Total sales
1987 137,760
1988 96,275
1989 110,739
1990 34,986
1991 100,838
1992 70,007
1993 39,103
1994 119,799
1995 122,738
1996 61,362
Model year Total sales
1997 60,202
1998 54,026
1999 42,098
2000 45,461
2001 29,009
2002 41,776
Camaro ceases production until 2009
Calendar year US sales
2010 81,299[49]
2011 88,249[49]
2012 84,391[50]
2013 80,567[51]
2014 86,297[52]
2015 77,502[53]
2016 72,705[54]
2017 67,940[55]
2018 50,963[56]
2019 48,265[57]
Calendar year US sales
2020 29,775[58]
2021 21,893[59]
2022 24,652[60]
2023 31,028[61]

In popular culture

Bumblebee depicted as a 1976 and a 2010 Camaro

General Motors has made product placement, or embedded marketing, deals for the Chevrolet Camaro in numerous media.[62][63]

The vehicle mode of the fictional character Bumblebee in the 2007 film, Transformers, is first depicted as a 1976 Camaro[64] and later a fifth-generation concept variant. A modified fifth-generation Camaro reprises the role of Bumblebee in the sequels, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, and Transformers: Dark of the Moon.[65] Bumblebee takes on the form of a modified 1967 Camaro in Transformers: Age of Extinction, and later a sixth-generation concept Camaro. He also returns as a modified 2016 Camaro in Transformers: The Last Knight.

References

  1. ↑ "2018 depreciation midsize sporty car Awards". J.D. Power. https://www.jdpower.com/cars/ratings/depreciation/2018/midsize-sporty-car. 
  2. ↑ "2019 Chevrolet Cruze vs 2019 Chevrolet Malibu vs 2019 Chevrolet Camaro". https://www.thecarconnection.com/car-compare-results/chevrolet_cruze_2019-vs-chevrolet_malibu_2019-vs-chevrolet_camaro_2019?trims=40073317,40073963,40073417. 
  3. ↑ Holder, William G.; Kunz, Phillip (1995). Camaro. MotorBooks/MBI. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-7603-0092-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=9iX9OHJfLVYC&pg=PA9. Retrieved April 5, 2016. 
  4. ↑ "Chevy Camaro, Dodge Challenger, and Ford Mustang in Pony-Car Showdown". AutoWeek. June 10, 2009. http://www.autoweek.com/article/20090611/VIDEOREVIEWS/906119983. 
  5. ↑ Siler, Wes (June 24, 2009). "Muscle Car Wars: Camaro vs. Challenger vs. Mustang". Jalopnik. http://jalopnik.com/5302090/muscle-car-wars-camaro-vs-challenger-vs-mustang. 
  6. ↑ Stone, Matt; Mead, Scott (March 2009). "Comparison: 2002 Chevrolet Camaro SS vs 2001 Ford Mustang SVT Cobra". Motor Trend. http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/coupes/112_0112_camaro_ss_mustang_cobra_comparison/index.html. Retrieved May 16, 2015. 
  7. ↑ "Auto Buyers Have Spoken: GM Will Build An All-New Chevrolet Camaro". GM Media Online (Press release). August 10, 2006. Archived from the original on February 25, 2007. Retrieved April 5, 2016.
  8. ↑ Hunt, Rhian (2023-12-16). "The Last Chevy Camaro Has Been Built". https://gmauthority.com/blog/2023/12/the-last-chevy-camaro-has-been-built/. 
  9. ↑ "Chevrolet to end production of Camaro sports car in 2024". March 22, 2023. https://www.autonews.com/cars-concepts/chevy-camaro-production-end-2024. ""Production of the Chevrolet Camaro sports car will end after the 2024 model year."" 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Settlemire, Scott. "The Day the Panther Died". GM Heritage Center. https://history.gmheritagecenter.com/wiki/index.php/The_Day_the_Panther_Died. 
  11. ↑ Biggs, Henry (February 3, 2006). "Top 10: Muscle cars". MSN Cars UK. http://cars.uk.msn.com/news/articles.aspx?cp-documentid=147864031. "When asked, Chevrolet sales executives claimed a Camaro was a: 'a small, vicious animal that eats Mustangs'," 
  12. ↑ Newhardt, David (2013). The Complete Book of Camaro: Every Model Since 1967. Motorbooks. p. 26. ISBN 9780760339619. 
  13. ↑ "Comrade - Definition of comrade". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/comrade. 
  14. ↑ Antonick, Mike (2003). The Camaro White Book, 1967-2002. Motorbooks International. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-7603-1879-9. 
  15. ↑ Antonick, p. 21.
  16. ↑ Antonick, p. 86.
  17. ↑ "Chevy Camaro 1993 to 2002". May 26, 2012. http://www.classicchevrolets.com/chevy-camaro-1993-2002/. 
  18. ↑ Garsten, Ed (September 27, 2001). "GM to Discontinue Camaro, Firebird". Free Republic. Associated Press (Fresno, CA). http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/533524/posts. 
  19. ↑ Hunkins, Johnny (July 29, 2004). "Rising from the Ashes". Hot Rod Network. http://www.hotrod.com/articles/0409phr-2007-chevrolet-camaro/. "Publicly, GM blamed slow sales, a deteriorated sports coupé market, and plant overcapacity." 
  20. ↑ "Chevrolet Camaro Concept: Capturing the Timeless Spirit of Camaro Besides the 3rd Gen Camaros". GM Media Online (Press release). January 9, 2006. Archived from the original on February 2, 2007. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
  21. ↑ Keenan, Greg (August 18, 2006). "Canada to Build Camaro". The Globe and Mail. http://www.globeinvestor.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060818.wgmweb0818/GIStory/. 
  22. ↑ Mateja, Jim (March 10, 2008). "Chevy to Launch New Camaro Coupé, Convertible as '10 Models". Ward's Dealer Business. http://wardsdealer.com/latest/chevy_launch_camaro/. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  23. ↑ Ramsey, Jonathon (March 12, 2008). "Chevy Camaro to Be a 2010 Model, Not 2009". Autoblog. http://www.autoblog.com/2008/03/12/chevy-camaro-to-be-a-2010-model-not-2009/. 
  24. ↑ Neff, John (July 21, 2008). "2010 Chevy Camaro: Official Details and Images". Autoblog. http://www.autoblog.com/2008/07/21/2010-chevy-camaro-official-details-and-images/. 
  25. ↑ "2010 Chevrolet Camaro Review". JB Car Pages. http://www.jbcarpages.com/chevrolet/camaro/2010/. 
  26. ↑ "2012 Chevrolet Camaro New Car Test Drive" (in en). https://www.autoblog.com/buy/2012-Chevrolet-Camaro-2LS__2dr_Coupe/expert-review/. 
  27. ↑ "Chevrolet Camaro: World Car Design of the Year 2010". April 8, 2010. http://www.ausmotive.com/2010/04/08/chevrolet-camaro-world-car-design-of-the-year-2010.html. 
  28. ↑ "2011 Export Camaro Details & Differences". June 23, 2011. http://www.camaroz28.com/2011-export-camaro-details-differences/. 
  29. ↑ Wayland, Michael (March 30, 2013). "2014 Chevrolet Camaro, Camaro Z/28 debut at New York Auto Show". MLive (Booth Newspapers). http://www.mlive.com/auto/index.ssf/2013/03/2014_chevrolet_camaro_debuts_a.html. 
  30. ↑ "Camaro Z28 Returns in 2014: Shocking Debut in NYC". http://www.chevrolet.com/culture/article/camaro-z28-returns-2014.html. 
  31. ↑ Gardner, Greg; Woodyard, Chris (May 19, 2015). "GM unleashes new, smaller Chevrolet Camaro". Detroit Free Press and USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2015/05/16/chevrolet-camaro-new-2016-gm-mustang/27444527/. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Ecclestone, Chris (16 May 2015). "This Is The All-New 2016 Chevy Camaro". http://gmauthority.com/blog/2015/05/this-is-the-all-new-2016-chevy-camaro/. 
  33. ↑ "Technical specifications Chevrolet Camaro VI 6.2 V8". http://www.autodata1.com/en/car/chevrolet/camaro/camaro-vi-62-v8-453-hp-automatic. 
  34. ↑ Bruce, Chris (19 April 2015). "Chevy keeps teasing next Camaro, 70 percent of parts unique to it [w/video"]. http://www.autoblog.com/2015/03/19/chevy-camaro-teaser-70-percent-unique-parts/. 
  35. ↑ "Chevy Pulls a Two-Fer, Takes Motor Trend Awards with New Camaro, Colorado Models". November 17, 2015. https://www.yahoo.com/autos/chevy-pulls-a-two-fer-takes-motor-trend-awards-173637532.html. 
  36. ↑ Stewart, Megan (September 18, 2015). "Spied! 2017 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 Muscles its Way Around the 'Ring'". http://m.motortrend.com/wot/spied_2017_chevrolet_camaro_zl1_muscles_its_way_around_the_ring.html. 
  37. ↑ "Chevrolet Camaro VI 6.2 V8 (453 Hp) Automatic". http://www.autodata1.com/en/car/chevrolet/camaro/camaro-vi-62-v8-453-hp-automatic. 
  38. ↑ "New 1LE Packages Elevate Camaro Track Capabilities". media.gm.com (Press release). Retrieved 2017-01-26.
  39. ↑ Counts, Reese (February 20, 2017). "The 198-mph 2017 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 is almost as fast as a Ferrari F40". https://www.autoblog.com/2017/02/20/2017-chevrolet-camaro-zl1-top-speed/. 
  40. ↑ Klein, Jonathon (October 24, 2016). "2017 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 Smokes Previous ZL1's Nurburgring Time". https://www.motortrend.com/news/2017-chevrolet-camaro-zl1-smokes-previous-zl1s-nurburgring-time/. 
  41. ↑ "2018 Camaro ZL1 1LE: Hang on, This Thing is Fast". February 27, 2017. http://www.automoblog.net/2017/02/27/2018-camaro-zl1-1le-hang-thing-fast/. 
  42. ↑ "2018 ZL1 1LE Sets Camaro Record at Nürburgring". June 22, 2017. https://media.chevrolet.com/media/us/en/chevrolet/home.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2017/jun/0622-zl1.html. 
  43. ↑ Stefan Bartholomaeus, Hall of Famer Bob Jane dies, 29/09/2018, www.supercars.com Retrieved 9 April 2021
  44. ↑ Interview with John Stevenson, Speed TV Grand Am Montreal 200 broadcast, August 29, 2009
  45. ↑ "Stevenson Motorsports to Race a Brand New Chevrolet Camaro in the Grand-Am KONI Challenge Series" (PDF) (Press release). Stevenson Motorsports. November 13, 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  46. ↑ Crossman, Matt (August 10, 2017). "Camaro ZL1 is Chevy's pick for 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series car". Autoweek. http://autoweek.com/article/nascar-sprint-cup/camaro-zl1-chevys-pick-2018-monster-energy-nascar-cup-series-car. 
  47. ↑ Bartholomaeus, Stephan (15 October 2020). "Camaro to join Supercars grid in 2023". https://www.supercars.com/news/championship/chevrolet-racing-launched-as-gen3-camaro-breaks-cover/. 
  48. ↑ Seaman, Kirk (May 20, 2015). "WARNING: Graphic Content! 50 Years of Camaro vs. Mustang Sales Numbers in Living Color". http://blog.caranddriver.com/warning-graphic-content-50-years-of-camaro-vs-mustang-sales-numbers-in-living-color/. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "GM U.S. Deliveries for December 2011 - Divisional Brand Level" (PDF) (Press release). General Motors. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
  50. ↑ "Ford Motor Company Posts 2,250,165 Sales in 2012; Focus, F-Series Post Big Gains". Motor Trend Magazine. 3 January 2013. http://wot.motortrend.com/ford-motor-company-posts-2250165-sales-in-2012-focus-f-series-post-big-gains-309693.html#axzz2Gwl0lvEv. 
  51. ↑ "GM U.S. Deliveries for December 2013" (PDF) (Press release). General Motors. 2014-01-03. Retrieved 2014-01-06.
  52. ↑ "Sales Reporting and Data Management" (PDF) (Press release). General Motors. December 2014. Retrieved 2015-04-18.
  53. ↑ "Sales Reporting and Data Management" (PDF) (Press release). General Motors. December 2015. Retrieved 2016-01-14.
  54. ↑ "Sales Reporting and Data Management" (PDF) (Press release). General Motors. December 2016. Retrieved 2017-01-06.
  55. ↑ "Sales Tables: Deliveries GM" (PDF) (Press release). General Motors Media. December 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
  56. ↑ "GM's U.S. Crossover Sales Topped 1 million in 2018" (Press release). General Motors. January 3, 2019.
  57. ↑ "GM Sells More Than 1 Million Crossovers Again in 2019, and Over 1 Million Full-Size Trucks" (Press release). General Motors. January 3, 2020.
  58. ↑ "GM 2020 Sales Far Outperform the U.S. Industry in Fourth Quarter and Calendar Year" (Press release). General Motors. January 5, 2021.
  59. ↑ "Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra Deliver GM's 2nd Consecutive Year of Full-Size Pickup Sales Leadership in 2021" (Press release). General Motors. 4 January 2022. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  60. ↑ "GM Delivers a Year of Firsts" (Press release). General Motors. 2023-01-04. Retrieved 2023-01-06.
  61. ↑ "U.S. Q4 and Full-Year Sales: GM Delivers Another Year of Firsts" (Press release). General Motors. 2024-01-04. Retrieved 2024-01-05.
  62. ↑ "Sears Department Store and Chevrolet Camaro Achieve Highest Product Placement Scores for June, Nielsen Reports". Nielsen. August 28, 2007. http://www.nielsen.com/content/dam/nielsen/en_us/documents/pdf/Press%20Releases/2007/August/Sears%20Department%20Store%20and%20Chevrolet%20Camaro%20Achieve%20Highest%20Product%20Placement%20Scores%20for%20June,%20Nielsen%20Reports.pdf. 
  63. ↑ Hinds, Julie (March 7, 2007). "GM Hopes Movie Roles Transform Cars into Sellable Stars". USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/2007-07-03-transformer-cars_N.htm. 
  64. ↑ Huffman, John Pearley (June 10, 2007). "Driving the Transformers Beater Bumblebee 1976 Camaro". Edmunds. http://www.insideline.com/features/driving-the-transformers-beater-bumblebee-1976-camaro.html. 
  65. ↑ Langfitt, Frank (July 21, 2009). "In The Camaro, a Glimmer of Hope for GM". NPR. https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106811668. 

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