Engineering:Crew Dragon C201

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Short description: SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft
Crew Dragon C201
Crew Dragon at the ISS for Demo Mission 1 (cropped).jpg
C201 approaching the ISS
Type Spacecraft
Manufacturer SpaceX
Construction number C201
First flight 2 March 2019 (SpX-DM1)
Total hours 116h
Status Destroyed

Crew Dragon C201 was a Crew Dragon spacecraft manufactured and operated by SpaceX and used by NASA's Commercial Crew Program. Used in the uncrewed Demo-1 mission, it was launched atop a Falcon 9 rocket on 2 March 2019, arriving at the International Space Station on 3 March 2019.[1][2] It was the first orbital test flight of the Dragon 2 spacecraft. The spacecraft was unexpectedly destroyed on 20 April 2019 during a separate test when firing the SuperDraco engines at Landing Zone 1.[3]

History

SpaceX was contracted by NASA to fly Demo-1 mission as part of the Commercial Crew Program. Initial plans had hoped to see flights as early as 2015.[4] Demo-1 was eventually slated for no earlier than December 2016, and then delayed several times throughout 2017.[5][6][7] The first exact date was published by NASA in November 2018 to be 17 January 2019,[8] but this got pushed into February 2019.[9] The static fire took place on 24 January 2019 and the launch date was set to 23 February 2019.[10] By the end of January 2019, the launch was delayed to no earlier than 2 March 2019 according to a FCC filing by SpaceX for Dragon 2 capsule telemetry, tracking, and command.[11]

Expedition 58 crew member Anne McClain poses with "Little Earth" inside C201; the capsule was docked to the ISS for five days.

Crew Dragon C201 was successfully launched uncrewed on top of a Falcon 9 rocket on 2 March 2019 from the historic LC 39A from the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The flight was intended to certify the Crew Dragon to carry humans, demonstrating on-orbit operation of avionics, communications, telemetry, life support, electrical, and propulsion systems, as well as the guidance, navigation, control (GNC) systems. It docked to the International Space Station the next day on 3 March 2019.[12][13] It spent a total of five days docked to the ISS before it undocked from the ISS on 8 March 2019. The spacecraft performed entry into the Earth's atmosphere and splashed down in the Atlantic Ocean about 200 miles (320 km) off Florida's east coast.[14] The capsule was recovered using SpaceX's recovery ship, GO Searcher, and was returned to shore, where it was examined and the data collected by the on board sensors was analyzed.[15][16] Instead of carrying astronauts to the ISS, the spacecraft carried "Ripley," an mannequin wearing SpaceX's custom flight suit. Ripley is a named after Sigourney Weaver's character in the Alien movies franchise. The capsule was weighted similarly to missions with astronauts onboard and carried approximately 400 lb (180 kg) of supplies and equipment, including "Little Earth," a plush toy serving as zero-g indicator.[17][18][19][20]

On 20 April 2019, Crew Dragon C201 was destroyed in an explosion during static fire testing at the Landing Zone 1 facility.[21][22] On the day of the explosion, the initial testing of the Crew Dragon's Draco thrusters was successful, with the accident occurring during the test of the SuperDraco abort system.[23] Telemetry, high-speed camera footage, and analysis of recovered debris indicate the problem occurred when a small amount of dinitrogen tetroxide leaked into a helium line used to pressurize the propellant tanks. The leakage apparently occurred during pre-test processing. As a result, the pressurization of the system 100 ms before firing damaged a check valve and resulted in the explosion.[23][24] Since the destroyed capsule had been slated for use in the upcoming in-flight abort test, the explosion and investigation delayed that test and the subsequent crewed orbital test.[25]

Flights

Mission Patch Launch date (UTC) Crew Duration Remarks Outcome
SpX-DM1 2 March 2019, 07:49:03 N/A 4d 20h 41m It is the first uncrewed flight test of Dragon capsule, spending five days docked to ISS before undocking and landing on 8 March 2019. Success

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Space Exploration Technologies Corp. WF9XGI 0068-EX-ST-2019 FCC Experimental License". https://fcc.report/ELS/Space-Exploration-Technologies-Corp/0068-EX-ST-2019.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ↑ "February 6, 2019 – Commercial Crew Program" (in en-US). https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2019/02/06/.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  3. ↑ Berger, Eric (April 22, 2019). "Here's what we know, and what we don't, about the Crew Dragon accident". Ars Technica. https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/04/heres-what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-about-the-crew-dragon-accident/. 
  4. ↑ Richardson, Derek (January 5, 2019). "Falcon 9 with Crew Dragon vertical at Launch Complex 39A". SpaceFlight Insider. https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/space-exploration-technologies/falcon-9-with-crew-dragon-vertical-at-launch-complex-39a/. Retrieved March 3, 2019. 
  5. ↑ "First SpaceX commercial crew test flight could slip to 2019" (in en-US). October 3, 2018. https://spacenews.com/first-spacex-commercial-crew-flight-test-could-slip-to-2019/. 
  6. ↑ "SpaceX delays commercial crew test flights to latter half of 2018" (in en-US). January 11, 2018. https://spacenews.com/spacex-delays-commercial-crew-test-flights-to-latter-half-of-2018/. 
  7. ↑ "Report warns of additional commercial crew delays" (in en-US). September 6, 2016. https://spacenews.com/report-warns-of-additional-commercial-crew-delays/. 
  8. ↑ "NASA Invites Media to SpaceX Demo-1 Launch" (Press release). NASA. November 21, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2019. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. ↑ "SpaceX Demo-1 Launch Update". NASA Commercial Crew Program Blog. January 10, 2019. https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2019/01/10/spacex-demo-1-launch-update/. Retrieved January 11, 2019.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  10. ↑ Clark, Stephen. "Falcon 9 rocket fires engines in key test ahead of Crew Dragon demo flight – Spaceflight Now" (in en-US). https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/01/25/falcon-9-rocket-fires-engines-in-key-test-ahead-of-crew-dragon-demo-flight/. 
  11. ↑ "Space Exploration Technologies Corp. WF9XGI 0068-EX-ST-2019 FCC Experimental License". https://fcc.report/ELS/Space-Exploration-Technologies-Corp/0068-EX-ST-2019.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  12. ↑ Burghardt, Thomas (March 3, 2019). "Crew Dragon successfully conducts debut docking with the ISS – NASASpaceFlight.com" (in en-US). https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/crew-dragon-first-docking-iss-dm1/. 
  13. ↑ "Demo-1 Underway: Crew Dragon Launches on Debut Flight – Commercial Crew Program" (in en-US). https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2019/03/02/demo-1-underway-crew-dragon-launches-on-debut-flight/.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  14. ↑ "Crew Dragon's inaugural flight to Station concludes with splashdown – NASASpaceFlight.com" (in en-US). https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/03/eom-spacex-crew-dragons-inaugural-station//. 
  15. ↑ Mission SpX-DM1 accomplished: the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft has come back to Earth. Massimo Luciani, Tachyon Beam. March 8, 2019.
  16. ↑ "Crew Dragon Lifted Onto Recovery Ship – Commercial Crew Program" (in en-US). https://blogs.nasa.gov/commercialcrew/2019/03/08/crew-dragon-lifted-onto-recovery-ship/.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  17. ↑ Grush, Loren (February 22, 2019). "NASA gives SpaceX the okay to launch new passenger spacecraft on uncrewed test flight". https://www.theverge.com/2019/2/22/18236771/nasa-spacex-dragon-commercial-crew-dm-1-test-flight. 
  18. ↑ Boyle, Alan. "NASA, SpaceX and a test dummy are ready for Dragon 2's first trip to space station". GeekWire, LLC. https://www.geekwire.com/2019/nasa-spacex-test-dummy-set-dragon-2s-first-trip-space-station/. Retrieved February 28, 2019. 
  19. ↑ Bartels, Meghan. "Meet Ripley, SpaceX's Dummy Astronaut Riding on Crew Dragon Test Flight". https://www.space.com/spacex-crew-dragon-dummy-called-ripley.html. Retrieved March 1, 2019. 
  20. ↑ "NASA, SpaceX Launch First Flight Test of Space System Designed for Crew". NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-spacex-launch-first-flight-test-of-space-system-designed-for-crew. Retrieved March 2, 2019.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  21. ↑ Bridenstine, Jim. "NASA has been notified about the results of the @SpaceX Static Fire Test and the anomaly that occurred during the final test. We will work closely to ensure we safely move forward with our Commercial Crew Program.". https://twitter.com/JimBridenstine/status/1119754804258062337. Retrieved 21 April 2019. 
  22. ↑ Mosher, Dave. "SpaceX confirmed that its Crew Dragon spaceship for NASA was 'destroyed' by a recent test. Here's what we learned about the explosive failure.". https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-crew-dragon-spaceship-test-explosion-2019-5. Retrieved 6 May 2019. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Shanklin, Emily (15 July 2019). "UPDATE: IN-FLIGHT ABORT STATIC FIRE TEST ANOMALY INVESTIGATION" (in en). https://www.spacex.com/news/2019/07/15/update-flight-abort-static-fire-anomaly-investigation. Retrieved 18 July 2019. 
  24. ↑ "Explosion that destroyed SpaceX Crew Dragon is blamed on leaking valve" (in en-US). https://www.cbsnews.com/news/spacex-explosion-destroyed-crew-dragon-spacecraft-blamed-on-leaking-valve/. Retrieved 16 July 2019. 
  25. ↑ "NASA boss says no doubt SpaceX explosion delays flight program". 18 June 2019. https://www.journalpioneer.com/news/world/nasa-boss-says-no-doubt-spacex-explosion-delays-flight-program-323465/. 

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