Engineering:HESA Karrar

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Short description: Iranian target drone
HESA Karrar
Karrar UAV seen at the 8th International Iran Air Show on Kish Island in the Persian Gulf.
General information
TypeMultirole[1]
National originIran
ManufacturerIran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company (HESA)
Management and usageIran
Hezbollah
History
Manufactured2010
Introduction date2010
Developed fromBeechcraft MQM-107 Streaker

The HESA Karrar (Persian: کرار) is an Iranian jet-powered target drone manufactured by Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company (HESA) since 2010. The Karrar is a derivative of the American 1970s-era Beechcraft MQM-107 Streaker target drone, probably incorporating elements from the South African Skua, with hardpoints added for munitions. The Karrar was developed during the Ahmadinejad presidency.[2]

As a target drone, the Karrar is used to train air-defense crews by simulating an aerial target. The Karrar is regularly spotted at Iranian air-defense drills, and is believed to be the replacement for Iran's aging American-built MQM-107 target drones.[3] Karrar jet unmanned-aerial-vehicles are recently equipped with Shahab-e-Saqeb (missile) and with the Majid heat-seeking 8 km range missile in order to hit air targets.[4][5][6][7][8][9]

Design

a Karrar, seen in the traditional blaze orange color of target drones, makes a Rocket Assist Take-Off (RATO)

The Karrar has a small, clipped delta wing mounted low to a cylindrical, blunt-nosed fuselage. It has a dorsal air intake for the engine and twin arrowhead-shaped endplate tailfins mounted high on the fuselage.[10]

A Karrar with a Mk 82 bomb mounted on the centerline hardpoint.

The Karrar uses a rocket assist system to take off and is recovered by parachute.[10] It is also claimed to be capable of air launch.[10] Iranian officials have said the aircraft has surveillance capabilities, but the Karrar has no visible EO/IR sensors.[10] The Karrar is believed to have an autopilot system with INS and/or GPS guidance, and may have terrain following capability as well.[citation needed] The Karrar is capable of both high and low altitude flight,[11] and of day and night flight.[12] It can follow a pre-programmed flight path, which can also be updated in flight.[12]

The Karrar can carry one 500 lb Mk 82 general-purpose bomb, with claimed precision guidance, on its centerline hardpoint. Alternatively, it can carry two Nasr-1 anti-ship missiles,[lower-alpha 1] two Kowsar anti-ship missiles, or two 250 pound Mk 81 general-purpose bombs on the underwing stations, or (since 2019) a Balaban satellite-guided glide bomb.[10][14][15] It is believed that carrying weapons substantially reduces the Karrar's operating range.[11]

Military experts quickly noted that Karrar bears an obvious resemblance to the US Beechcraft MQM-107 Streaker target drone designed in the 1970s and exported to Iran before the Iranian revolution. According to a report from Denel Dynamics, however, the Karrar is not an exact clone of the MQM-107 Streaker as some design elements have been copied from the Denel Dynamics Skua as well.[16] Technical data on the Skua was reportedly sold by one of the Skua's export customers to Iran.[10] Overall, the Karrar is not an exact copy of the MQM-107, and multiple design changes have been made.[11]

Operational history

Iranian Minister of Defense Ali Shamkhani inspects a scale model of a Karrar prototype around 2004.

Development of the Karrar was underway as of 2002, possibly under the name "Hadaf-1".[17] A subscale model of the Karrar was also seen around 2004. The Karrar is also known as the "Ababil Jet"; the Ababil is an unrelated UAV also offered by the same manufacturer, HESA.[12] Iran said the Karrar took "500,000 hours" to develop, but independent analysts say this is unlikely.[18]

The Karrar was unveiled on August 23, 2010, one day after the activation of a nuclear reactor in Bushehr, by Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. It was framed as a "long-range bomber drone,"[19] and is the first long-range UAV manufactured in Iran.[20]

Multiple sources report that the Karrar has been exported to Hezbollah.[21][22] The Karrar has supposedly been used in the Syrian Civil War.[23]

Defense Update suggests in particular that the Karrar could be useful for using cruise missiles to target ground-based radars and naval ships.[11] In 2018, Daily Beast reporter Adam Rawnsley claimed that the Karrar, despite Iranian claims, does not possess the capacity to deploy weapons and is merely a target drone.[2]

Today, Karrar is regularly used by Iran's air defense force for training.[citation needed] Karrar target drones have been used to test Mersad SAM systems,[24] S-300PMU-2 SAM systems,[25] Sayyad-2 SAM systems,[26] Fakour-90 air-to-air missiles,[27] and Sayyad-3 SAM systems.[28]

Iran reportedly used the Karrar to deploy munitions for the first time in a 2020 exercise.[29]

Operators

  •  Iran
    • Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force

Non-state user

  • Hezbollah

Specifications

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft: Unmanned 2014-2015[10]

General characteristics

  • Crew: none
  • Capacity: 227 kg (500 lb) payload
  • Length: 4 m (13 ft 1 in)
  • Wingspan: 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in)
  • Max takeoff weight: 700 kg (1,543 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Tolloue 5 or Microturbo TRI 60-5 turbojet , 4.2–4.4 kN (940–990 lbf) thrust (est.)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 900 km/h (560 mph, 490 kn)
  • Range: 1,000 km (620 mi, 540 nmi)
  • Combat range: 500 km (310 mi, 270 nmi)

Armament

  • Hardpoints: 3 with provisions to carry combinations of:
    • Missiles:
      2 × Kowsar
      2 x Nasr-1
    • Bombs:
      1 × Mk 82 PGM on centerline
      2 × 250 pound bomb
    • Other:
      1 × Mark 46 torpedo

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

References

  1. ↑ Iran Military Power. Defense Intelligence Agency. 2019. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-16-095157-2. https://www.dia.mil/Portals/110/Images/News/Military_Powers_Publications/Iran_Military_Power_LR.pdf. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Adam Rawnsley [@arawnsley] (20 Jul 2018). "First off, Karrar is not a UCAV. Yes, yes, I know Iranian propaganda has billed it as a UCAV but it was rolled out during the Ahmadinejad era when lots of silly claims were made about Iran's drone capabilities.". https://twitter.com/arawnsley/status/1020420921448943616. 
  3. ↑ "Adam Rawnsley on Twitter". Twitter. 18 May 2018. https://twitter.com/arawnsley/status/997464811817652224. 
  4. ↑ Introduction of Shahab Saqeb defense missile + images fardanews.com, Retrieved 11 January 2021
  5. ↑ Shahab Saqeb defense missile (+ photo) asriran.com, Retrieved 11 January 2021
  6. ↑ Iran Successfully Tests New Homegrown Missile System in Drill tasnimnews.com, Retrieved 11 January 2021
  7. ↑ "Iran's Karrar Drone Armed with Air-to-Air Missiles". 2023-10-05. https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2023/10/05/2966617/iran-s-karrar-drone-armed-with-air-to-air-missiles. 
  8. ↑ "Iranian Jet-Powered Drone Armed with New Air-Based Missile". 2023-10-22. https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2023/10/22/2976030/iranian-jet-powered-drone-armed-with-new-air-based-missile. 
  9. ↑ "Iranian Air Defense Gets Interceptor Drone Armed with AAM". 2023-12-10. https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2023/12/10/3003961/iranian-air-defense-gets-interceptor-drone-armed-with-aam. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 Martin Streetly, ed (2014). Jane's All the World's Aircraft: Unmanned 2014-2015. London: IHS Jane's. pp. 80–81. ISBN 978-0710630964. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "Karrar - Iran's New Jet-Powered Recce and Attack Drone". Defense Update. Aug 2010. https://defense-update.com/products/k/karrar_jet_powered_drone_24082010.html. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Yuri Lyamin (21 July 2017). "Иранская экспозиция на МАКС-2017. Часть.2". https://imp-navigator.livejournal.com/638301.html. 
  13. ↑ "Iran Unveils Domestically Produced Bomber Drone". Defense News. http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4753618&c=MID&s=AIR. 
  14. ↑ Iran Unveils New Smart Bombs tasnimnews.com
  15. ↑ Iran holds unveiling event for precision guided bombs janes.com
  16. ↑ Keith Campbell. "New Iranian unmanned warplane not a SA copy, except, maybe, for the tailplane". Engineering News. http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/new-iranian-unmanned-warplane-not-a-copy-of-sa-design-except-maybe-for-the-tailplane-2010-09-10. 
  17. ↑ Galen Wright (February 5, 2011). "Ababil UAV". http://thearkenstone.blogspot.com/2011/02/ababil-uav.html. 
  18. ↑ Noah Shachtman (23 August 2010). "Iran's Robotic 'Ambassador of Death' is More Envoy of Annoyance (Updated)". Wired. https://www.wired.com/2010/08/irans-ambassador-of-death-drone-is-more-envoy-of-annoyance/. 
  19. ↑ Vogelaar, Rob (August 22, 2010). "ran Unveils New Karar Bomber Drone". Aviation News. http://www.aviationnews.eu/2010/08/22/iran-unveils-new-karar-bomber-drone/. 
  20. ↑ Daragahi, Borzou (August 23, 2010). "Iran Reveals its Own Drone". Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/world/iran-reveals-its-own-drone-20100822-13ati.html. 
  21. ↑ "Israel Targets Hezbollah Weaponry in Syria". Dec 9, 2014. https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/israel-targets-hezbollah-weaponry-syria. 
  22. ↑ Hassan Abbas (24 November 2010). "Is Lebanon's Hezbollah Equipped with New Iranian Drones?". Jamestown Foundation. https://jamestown.org/brief/briefs-128/. 
  23. ↑ Mona Alami (9 February 2017). "Hezbollah's war in Aleppo: Victory at any cost, even to civilians". Middle East Eye. http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/hezbollahs-aleppo-victory-any-cost-1412427712. 
  24. ↑ @EnglishFars. "6/6: The Mersad system was test-fired after a home-made missile named Shalamcheh successfully hit a Karrar-type drone". https://twitter.com/EnglishFars/status/462889268084342785.  Missing or empty |date= (help)
  25. ↑ @BabakTaghvaee. "Finally #Iranian_Air_Defense_Force #IRIADF tested the S-300PMU2 against Karrar target drone in #Semnan missile test range, #Iran today.". https://twitter.com/BabakTaghvaee/status/837328907363831808.  Missing or empty |date= (help)
  26. ↑ @BabakTaghvaee. "#IRGC Navy Sayyad-2 SAM shot-down Karrar drone at 37,000ft over #Bushehr South of #Iran #Persian_Gulf. Exercise Defenders of Velayat's Sky-7". https://twitter.com/BabakTaghvaee/status/814138938592030727.  Missing or empty |date= (help)
  27. ↑ @BabakTaghvaee. "For first time in February 2017, the AIM-90A semi-active radar homing variant of Fakkur-90 medium range air to air missile was successfully tested by an #Iran". https://twitter.com/BabakTaghvaee/status/1021383601961750528.  Missing or empty |date= (help)
  28. ↑ @BabakTaghvaee. "First successful test of Babaiee missile industries Sayyad-3 long range SAM against Karrar target drone at missile test range, Semnan, #Iran". https://twitter.com/BabakTaghvaee/status/888711488382398464.  Missing or empty |date= (help)
  29. ↑ Sykes, Patrick (November 3, 2020). "Iran Uses Bomber Drones for First Time in Military Drills". https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-03/iran-uses-bomber-drones-for-first-time-in-military-drills. 
  1. ↑ (or maybe only one, sources differ; see [13])
  1. REDIRECT Template:Iranian military

Template:Iranian Aircraft



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