Engineering:Infrared multiphoton dissociation
| Acronym | IRMPD |
|---|---|
| Other techniques | |
| Related | Blackbody infrared radiative dissociation Electron capture dissociation Collision-induced dissociation |
Infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to fragment molecules in the gas phase usually for structural analysis of the original (parent) molecule.[1]
How it works
An infrared laser is directed through a window into the vacuum of the mass spectrometer where the ions are. The mechanism of fragmentation involves the absorption by a given ion of multiple infrared photons. The parent ion becomes excited into more energetic vibrational states until a bond(s) is broken resulting in gas phase fragments of the parent ion. In the case of powerful laser pulses, the dissociation proceeds via inner-valence ionization of electrons.[2][3]
IRMPD is most often used in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.[4]
Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy
By applying intense tunable IR lasers, like IR-OPOs or IR free electron lasers, the wavelength dependence of the IRMPD yield can be studied.[5][6] This infrared photodissociation spectroscopy allows for the measurement of vibrational spectra of (unstable) species that can only be prepared in the gas phase. Such species include molecular ions but also neutral species like metal clusters that can be gently ionized after interaction with the IR light for their mass spectrometric detection.[7]
Analytical applications
The combination of mass spectrometry and IRMPD with tunable lasers (IR ion spectroscopy) is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool for small-molecule identification.[8] Examples are metabomics, where biomarkers are identified in body fluids (urine, blood, cerebrospinal)[9] and forensic sciences, where isomeric designer drugs were identified in seized samples.[10]
Isotope separation
Due to the relatively large differences in IR absorption frequencies that are due to different resonance frequencies for molecules containing different isotopes, this technique has been suggested as a way to perform Isotope separation with difficult-to-separate isotopes, in a single pass. For example, molecules of UF6 containing U-235 might be ionized completely as a result of such a laser resonance, leaving UF6 containing the heavier U-238 intact.
See also
- Infrared spectroscopy
- Tandem mass spectrometry
- Photodissociation
- Blackbody infrared radiative dissociation
- Electron capture dissociation
- Collision-induced dissociation is another, more common, method to fragment gas phase ions.
References
- ↑ "Infrared multiphoton dissociation of large multiply charged ions for biomolecule sequencing". Anal. Chem. 66 (18): 2809–15. 1994. doi:10.1021/ac00090a004. PMID 7526742.
- ↑ "Multiphoton ionization of inner-valence electrons and fragmentation of ethylene in an intense Ti:sapphire laser pulse". Chemical Physics Letters 313 (5–6): 789–794. 1999. doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01075-1. Bibcode: 1999CPL...313..789T.
- ↑ "Dissociative ionization of benzene in intense ultra-fast laser pulses". Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 33 (21): 4615–4626. 2000. doi:10.1088/0953-4075/33/21/307. Bibcode: 2000JPhB...33.4615T.
- ↑ "Activation of large ions in FT-ICR mass spectrometry". Mass Spectrometry Reviews 24 (2): 135–67. 2005. doi:10.1002/mas.20012. PMID 15389858. Bibcode: 2005MSRv...24..135L. https://zenodo.org/record/1229281.
- ↑ "Reaction products in mass spectrometry elucidated with infrared spectroscopy". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 9 (29): 3804–17. 2007. doi:10.1039/b702993b. PMID 17637973. Bibcode: 2007PCCP....9.3804P.
- ↑ Fielicke, André (2023). "Probing the binding and activation of small molecules by gas-phase transition metal clusters via IR spectroscopy" (in en). Chemical Society Reviews 52 (11): 3778–3841. doi:10.1039/D2CS00104G. ISSN 0306-0012. http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D2CS00104G.
- ↑ "Structures of Neutral Au7, Au19, and Au20 Clusters in the Gas Phase". Science 321 (5889): 674–6. 2008. doi:10.1126/science.1161166. PMID 18669858. Bibcode: 2008Sci...321..674G. http://edoc.mpg.de/367174.
- ↑ "Infrared ion spectroscopy: New opportunities for small-molecule identification in mass spectrometry - A tutorial perspective". Analytica Chimica Acta 1093: 1–15. January 2020. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2019.10.043. PMID 31735202.
- ↑ "Molecular identification in metabolomics using infrared ion spectroscopy". Scientific Reports 7 (1): 3363. June 2017. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03387-4. PMID 28611404.
- ↑ "Isomer-Specific Two-Color Double-Resonance IR2MS3 Ion Spectroscopy Using a Single Laser: Application in the Identification of Novel Psychoactive Substances". Analytical Chemistry 93 (4): 2687–2693. February 2021. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05042. PMID 33470107.
| Ion source | |
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| Mass analyzer | |
| Detector | |
| MS combination | |
| Fragmentation | |
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