Engineering:Over-the-top media service in India

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Short description: Online streaming platforms in India

There are currently about 40 providers of over–the–top media services (OTT) in India , which distribute streaming media over the Internet. In fiscal year 2018, the OTT market in India was worth ₹2,150 crore (₹21.5 billion, United States dollar 303 million as of 2018), and its value grew to ₹35 billion in 2019.

History and growth

The first dependent Indian OTT platform was BIGFlix, launched by Reliance Entertainment in 2008.[1]

In 2010 Digivive launched India's first OTT mobile app called nexGTv, which provides access to both live TV and on–demand content. nexGTV is the first app to live–stream Indian Premier League matches on smart phones and did so during 2013 and 2014.[needs update]

OTT gained significant momentum in India when both DittoTV (Zee) and Sony Liv were launched in the Indian market around 2013. DittoTV was an aggregator platform containing shows across all media channels including Star, Sony, Viacom, Zee, etc.[citation needed]

Rise of OTT in India

Since the outbreak of COVID-19 and consequent national lockdown in March 2020, India witnessed a significant growth in the usage of OTT and emerged as a threat to the Television industry.[2] Until then, the popularity of OTT platforms were limited to urban area and above middle class.

Rise of Hotstar

Hotstar, (now Disney+ Hotstar), is the most subscribed–to OTT platform in India, owned by Star India as of July 2020, with around 300 million active users and over 350 million downloads.[2] According to Hotstar's India Watch Report 2018, 96% of watch time on Hotstar comes from videos longer than 20 minutes, while one–third of Hotstar subscribers watch television shows.[3] In 2019, Hotstar began investing ₹120 crore in generating original content such as "Hotstar Specials." 80% of the viewership on Hotstar comes from drama, movies and sports programs.[2] Hotstar has the exclusive streaming rights of IPL in India, which is one of the biggest sporting event in India.[4]

Netflix in India

American streaming service Netflix entered India in January 2016. In April 2017, it was registered as a limited liability partnership (LLP) and started commissioning content. It earned a net profit of ₹2020,000 (₹2.02 million) for fiscal year 2017. In fiscal year 2018, Netflix earned revenues of ₹580 million.[5] According to Morgan Stanley Research, Netflix had the highest average watch time of more than 120 minutes but viewer counts of around 20 million in July 2018.[3] As of 2018, Netflix has six million subscribers, of which 5–6% are paid members.[6]

India was not affected by Netflix's July 2018 increase in subscription rates for the US and Latin America. Netflix has stated its intent to invest ₹600 Crore in the production of Indian original programming.[7] In late 2018, Netflix bought 150,000 square feet (14,000 m2) of office space in Bandra–Kurla Complex (BKC) in Mumbai as their head office. As of December 2018, Netflix has more than 40 employees in India.[5]

Netflix faces tough competition with other OTT platforms in India such as Amazon Prime and Disney+ Hotstar, each of which charge lower subscription rates than Netflix.[6]

Other OTT providers

'nexGTv' is the flagship product of 'Digivive Services Pvt Ltd'. Its app offers users entertainment across multiple devices. It streams over 200 live TV channels and on-demand content, including movies, TV Shows and videos. In 2015, nexGTv launched India's first mobile talent discovery platform, called 'SPOTLight', with director Imtiaz Ali. In 2016 nexGTV, launched its first original series 'In My City' with Priyanka Chopra making her mobile series debut.

Sun NXTis an Indian video on demand service run by Sun TV Network. It was launched in June 2017, Streaming in Tamil Language and 6 more Launguages, The Platform has more than 4,000+ Tamil Movies and 200+ Tamil Shows and Regional Movies, Shows and More. Sun NXT Streaming its own Sun TV Shows and Premiere Movies with its Large Library. In India Sun NXT launched its TV Shows and Movies also in Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali and soon in Marathi.

Amazon Prime Video was launched in 2016. The platform has[when?] 2,300 titles available including 2,000 movies and about 400 shows. It has announced that it will invest ₹20 billion in creating original content in India. Besides English, Prime Video is available in six Indian languages as of December 2018.[8] Amazon India launched Amazon Prime Music in February 2018.[9]

Neestream is a streaming media service owned by NeST Technologies Corp., which is part of the US-based JKH Holdings. it is the first OTT platform targeting the global Malayalee diaspora. [10]

Single-language OTT sites, like Aha Video in Telugu, CityShor.TV in Gujarati, Neestream in Malayalam, Hoichoi in Bengali and Planet Marathi in Marathi, are streaming movies and shows for people [11][12]

Eros Now, an OTT platform launched by Eros International, has the most content among the OTT providers in India, including over 12,000 films, 100,000 music albums & tracks, and 100 TV shows. Eros Now was named as 'Best OTT Platform of the Year 2019' at the British Asian Media Awards.[when?] It has 211.5 million registered users and 36.2 million paying subscribers as of September 2020.[13]

Apart from these, Balaji Telefilms–owned ALTBalaji and Viacom 18–owned Voot and some very popular because of unique content they provide. Reliance Jio–owned JioCinema and JioTV, and Times Group–owned MX Player, Asianet Satellite Communications- owned Asianet Mobile TV are other OTT service providers in India.

Hoichoi is the first dedicated regional–language OTT service in India. It has launched 30 new shows and 12 original films in Bengali and has acquired about 200 Bengali films and dubbed content from English, Hindi and Arabic. In 2018 it entered Bangladesh as well as the United Arab Emirates, adding a prospective customer base of 180 million.[8]

In June 2017, Sun TV Network launched their Sun NXT regional OTT service in Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Bengali and Kannada.[14]

In February 2020, Aha OTT platform is launched, which broadcasts exclusively Telugu content.[15]

With rising interest for Korean dramas, Rakuten Viki saw its biggest jump of web traffic from India in 2020 due to COVID-19 lockdown which lead to ad localization on the platform.[16][17][18]

Future predictions

According to KPMG Media and Entertainment Report 2018, the Indian OTT market is expected to grow 45 percent to reach ₹138 billion by the end of fiscal 2023.[3] According to a report by Ernst & Young, the number of OTT users in the country will reach 500 million by 2020, making India the second–biggest market after the US.[8]

List of OTT platforms in India

Name Parent Active years Languages Notes/Ref.
Don Cinema Don Cinema Pvt Ltd 2019-present Bhojpuri, Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Hindi, Bangali, Marathi & Rajasthani
Neestream Neestream Creations Pvt Ltd 2019-present Malayalam, Tamil [19]
Discovery+ Discovery, Inc. 2020-Present Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali and Marathi [20]
Addatimes Addatimes Media Private Limited 2016-Present Bengali, Hindi
Asianet Mobile TV Asianet Satellite Communications 2015–Present Malayalam, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Hindi
FilmyBOX FilmyBOX Entertainment Pvt. Ltd 2021–present Hindi, English, Tamil, Bengali, Telugu, Punjabi [21]
YuppTV YuppTV 2007–present Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Kannada [22]
BIGFlix Reliance Entertainment 2008–present Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali ,Marathi India's first movie on demand service[1]
Vuclip PCCW 2008–present Hindi, Tamil, Telugu [23]
dittoTV Zee Entertainment Enterprises 2012–2018 English, Hindi, Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi, Gujarati, Punjabi, Bangla Dissolved and Integrated into Zee5
Spuul Independent 2012–present Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, English
SonyLIV Sony Pictures Networks India 2013–present Hindi, Telugu, English, Tamil, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi [24][25]
TVFPlay Contagious Online Media Network Private Limited 2015–present Hindi, Tamil, Telugu [26]
Netflix Netflix Inc. 2015–present English, Hindi, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada [27]
Viu HK Television Entertainment 2015–present Hindi, Tamil, Telugu [28][29]
Arre UDigital 2015– present Hindi, English [30]
Disney+ Hotstar Star India (The Walt Disney Company India) 2015–present Hindi, English, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Malayalam, Bengali, Kannada, India's most subscribed OTT platform[31][failed verification][32]
Eros Now Eros International 2015–present Hindi,Bengali, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Punjabi Titled as 'Best OTT Platform of the Year 2019' at the British Asian Media Awards[33]
Hooq Sony Pictures, Warner Bros. and Singtel 2015–2020 English Dissolved in 2020[34]
Hungama Play Hungama Digital Media Entertainment 2015–present Bhojpuri, Hindi, English, Tamil, Telugu [35]
Sun NXT Sun Group 2017-present Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Bengali and Marathi Tamil Content
Amazon Prime Video Amazon 2016–present Marathi, English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Odia, Punjabi, Gujarati [36][37]
Voot Viacom 18 2016–present English, Hindi, Telugu, Tamil, Marathi,Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Odia, Punjabi, Gujarati [38]
Olly Plus oosym.in & Sk Line Production 2020–present Odia [39]
AK Online Info Pluto Media Works 2020–present English & Tamil OTT exclusively for Unique Independent Films - Article on the National Daily - The New Indian Express
JioCinema Jio Platforms 2016–present English, Hindi, Tamil, Marathi, Telugu, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Odia, Punjabi, Gujarati Only available for Jio Subscribers[40]
ALTBalaji Balaji Telefilms 2017–present Bhojpuri, Hindi, Tamil [41]
Niri9 Niri Media OPC Private Limited 2020–present Assamese , Hindi, Bengali [42]
Hoichoi Shree Venkatesh Films 2017–present Bengali, Bhojpuri, Hindi Bengali Content
MX Player Times Internet 2018–present Bhojpuri, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi, Odia, Gujarati, English [43]
Zee5 Zee Entertainment Enterprises 2018–present Bhojpuri, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Bengali, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi, Odia, Gujarati, English [44]
Watcho DishTV India Limited
2019–present
Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Marathi, Korean 100+ Live TV Channels available on the platform.
Ullu App Ullu App 2018–present Hindi [45]
Mubi Mubi Inc. 2019–present English [46]
BS Value BLACK SHEEP YOUTUBE 2020–present Tamil Tamil Content
ManoramaMAX Malayala Manorama TV Ltd. 2019–present Malayalam Malayalam content[47]
ShemarooMe Shemaroo Entertainment 2019–present Hindi, Marathi, Tamil, Gujarati [48]
Aha Arha Media & Broadcasting Pvt. Ltd. 2020–present Telugu
Quibi Independent 2020–2020 English Mobile only
Viki Rakuten 2010–Present English Web and mobile[49][50]
Planet Marathi Planet Marathi 2021-present Marathi Marathi Content[51]

List of podcast platforms in India

Name Free access Selective streaming Lossless (Hi-Fi) Track download Tracks (millions) Active users (millions) Paying users (millions) First launched Login required
Amazon Music No Yes Yes[52] Yes[53] 50 (Unlimited), 2 (Prime Music)[54] 16[55] Yes
Apple Music No Yes No Yes 60 60[56] 60[57] June 2015 Yes
Gaana Yes Yes No Yes Yes
Google Play Music No Yes No Yes[58] 40[59] November 2011 Yes
Hungama Yes Yes No Yes Yes
JioSaavn Yes Yes No Yes 30[60] 20[60] Yes
SoundCloud Yes Yes Partial Limited 200+[61] 175[62] No
Spotify Yes Yes No Yes 50[63] 289[64] 130 October 2008 Yes
Wynk Yes Yes No Yes Yes
YouTube Music Yes Yes No Yes 50[65] November 2015 No

Censorship

The Government of India in 2021 released a new set of rules that would bring OTT content in India under the standards of censorship that is applicable to other entertainment content platforms in India.[66] This created a stir among the OTT content providers who were upset about not being consulted before the move was announced.[67] Before this move by the government, 17 of the largest OTT platforms in India had come together to create a self-regulation kit.[68] Under the new rules the government has mandated the OTT platforms to classify content under five classifications namely, Universal (U)- suitable for all, U/A 7+ , U/A 13+, U/A 16+ and adult category.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dangwal, Sandhya (27 April 2017). "Reliance Entertainment launches BIGFLIX, India's first global multi-language HD movie platform". https://www.india.com/business/reliance-entertainment-launches-bigflix-indias-first-global-multi-language-hd-movie-platform-2074662/. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Laghate, Gaurav (15 January 2019). "Hotstar to invest Rs 120 crore in generating original content". The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/hotstar-to-invest-rs-120-crore-in-generating-original-content/articleshow/67534513.cms?from=mdr. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Video OTT revenue in India expected to reach Rs 13,800 crore by FY 2023 – Exchange4media". https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/video-ott-revenue-in-india-expected-to-reach-rs-13-800-crore-by-fy-2023-92262.html. 
  4. ↑ Upadhyay, Harsh (2020-09-25). "Disney+Hotstar records 6 Mn installs in first 5 days of IPL" (in en-US). https://entrackr.com/2020/09/disneyhotstar-records-6-mn-installs-in-first-5-days-of-ipl/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Babar, Kailash; Laghate, Gaurav (28 December 2018). "Netflix leases space for India Headquarter in BKC". The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/netflix-leases-space-for-india-headquater-in-bkc/articleshow/67280626.cms?from=mdr. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Netflix is getting crushed in India, and it's all because of Amazon and Hotstar". 2 February 2018. https://www.androidcentral.com/netflix-getting-crushed-india-and-its-because-amazon-and-hotstar. 
  7. ↑ Bhattacharya, Ananya. "Netflix hasn't increased prices in India probably because it can't afford to". https://qz.com/india/1525269/amazon-prime-hotstar-rival-netflix-didnt-raise-prices-in-india/. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "The rise and rise of India's online streaming services". https://www.theweek.in/leisure/lifestyle/2018/12/27/The-rise-and-rise-of-India-online-streaming-services.html. 
  9. ↑ "Amazon to launch Prime Video Channels in India – TelevisionPost: Latest News, India's Television, Cable, DTH, TRAI". 23 January 2019. https://www.televisionpost.com/amazon-to-launch-prime-video-channels-in-india/. 
  10. ↑ "Neestream bets big on Malayali diaspora" (in en). 22 April 2020. https://www.indiantelevision.com/iworld/over-the-top-services/neestream-bets-big-on-malayali-diaspora-200422. 
  11. ↑ "Can single-language OTT platforms take on the streaming giants in India?" (in en). 17 Feb 2021. https://www.forbesindia.com/article/take-one-big-story-of-the-day/can-singlelanguage-ott-platforms-take-on-the-streaming-giants-in-india/66521/1. 
  12. ↑ ottrelease. "List of Regional OTT Platforms in India As of 2021" (in en-US). https://ottlist.in/list-of-regional-ott-platforms-in-india/. 
  13. ↑ "Eros Now Reaches 36.2 million Paying Subscribers". 18 November 2020. https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20201118005177/en/Eros-Now-Reaches-36.2-million-Paying-Subscribers#:~:text=DOUGLAS%2C%20ISLE%20OF%20MAN%2D%2D(,million%20registered%20users%20worldwide%20as/. 
  14. ↑ PTI. "Sun TV Networks launches multilingual digital platform" (in en). https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/sun-tv-networks-launches-multilingual-digital-platform/article9728472.ece. 
  15. ↑ "Aha! A new OTT channel to watch out for" (in en). 11 February 2020. https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/in-other-news/110220/aha-a-new-ott-channel-to-watch-out-for.html. 
  16. ↑ Bhatt, Shephali. "How K-pop and Korean drama had their biggest breakthrough in India amid the pandemic". The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/tech-bytes/how-k-pop-and-korean-drama-had-their-breakthrough-moment-in-india-amid-the-pandemic/articleshow/78954150.cms. 
  17. ↑ Mane, Anwaya (7 April 2021). "K Dramas dubbed in Hindi; Is it a boon or a bane?" (in en). https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/k-dramas-dubbed-hindi-it-boon-or-bane-687796. 
  18. ↑ "Top 10 Popular OTT Platforms in India" (in en). 7 June 2021. https://www.sajmedia.in/top-10-popular-ott-platforms-in-india/. 
  19. ↑ "New streaming platform launched catering to Malayalam audience" (in en-US). 9 April 2020. https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/new-streaming-platform-launched-catering-to-malayalam-audience/article31298661.ece. 
  20. ↑ Otterson, Joe (January 4, 2021). "Discovery Plus Launches on Multiple Platforms, Including Roku and Amazon Fire TV". https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/discovery-plus-roku-fire-tv-smart-tv-1234878232/. 
  21. ↑ News, Zee. "Zee News". https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/ba-pass-3-to-launch-on-filmybox-app-on-may-1st-2021. 
  22. ↑ "YuppTV Dongle launched in US for South Asians". https://www.abu.org.my/Latest_News-@-YuppTV_Dongle_launched_in_US_for_South_Asians.aspx. 
  23. ↑ "PCCW embarks on strategic expansion of OTT video business". 16 March 2015. http://www.casbaa.com/media-and-resources/news-center/casbaa-news/8051-pccw-embarks-on-strategic-expansion-of-ott-video-business. 
  24. ↑ Standard, Business. "PTI Stories – Business Standard". https://www.business-standard.com/pti-stories?time=1550757962. 
  25. ↑ "SonyLIV Powers OTT Video Streaming for 30 Million Users with Brightcove". https://www.brightcove.com/en/company/press/sonyliv-powers-ott-video-streaming-30-million-users-brightcove. 
  26. ↑ Saxena, Aditi (6 February 2015). "This IIT Kharagpur alumnus is the brain behind The Viral Fever Media". The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/this-iit-kharagpur-alumnus-is-the-brain-behind-the-viral-fever-media/articleshow/46142385.cms. 
  27. ↑ "The Arrival Of Netflix In India: All That You Need To Know". 7 January 2016. https://inc42.com/resources/the-arrival-of-netflix-in-india/. 
  28. ↑ "PCCW looks at Viu as just the start". 4 April 2016. https://www.digitalnewsasia.com/pccw-looks-viu-just-start. 
  29. ↑ "Viu to shut India operations". 16 Dec 2019. https://www.afaqs.com/news/media/viu-india-to-shut-its-operation. 
  30. ↑ "Startup Watchlist: Top Media & Entertainment Startups to Look Out for in 2019". 11 February 2019. https://inc42.com/features/startup-watchlist-top-media-entertainment-startups-to-look-out-for-in-2019/. 
  31. ↑ "Home Main". https://www.medianews4u.com/. 
  32. ↑ Laghate, Gaurav (5 September 2018). "Star India rejigs Hotstar service to drive growth". The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/star-india-rejigs-hotstar-service-to-drive-growth/articleshow/65685631.cms. 
  33. ↑ "Eros Now has 13M paid subscribers in Q3FY19; now at 128M registered users". 8 February 2019. https://www.medianama.com/2019/02/223-eros-now-earnings-q3fy19/. 
  34. ↑ "Tech in Asia – Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem". https://www.techinasia.com/singtel-start-netflix-competitor-asia-partners-sony-pictures-warner-bros. 
  35. ↑ Kanth, K. Rajani (2015-07-24). "Hungama launches on-demand movies app Hungama Play". Business Standard India. https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/hungama-launches-on-demand-movies-app-hungama-play-115072400136_1.html. 
  36. ↑ Choudhary, Vidhi (14 December 2016). "Amazon Prime Video launched in India". https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/HrRSNfsQaONsfvVh8dU1ZI/Amazon-Prime-Video-launched-in-India.html. 
  37. ↑ Sathe, Gopal. "Amazon Prime Video, Netflix's Biggest Rival, Has Gone Live in India". https://gadgets.ndtv.com/tv/news/amazon-prime-video-launched-in-india-all-you-need-to-know-1637714. 
  38. ↑ "Viacom18 launches video-on-demand platform Voot". The Economic Times. 29 March 2016. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/viacom18-launches-video-on-demand-platform-voot/articleshow/51606120.cms. 
  39. ↑ "Free Indian ott Platform No subscription required". 27 May 2020. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ollyplus.video/. 
  40. ↑ "JioCinema: Movies TV Originals - Apps on Google Play" (in en). https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jio.media.ondemand&hl=en_US&gl=US. 
  41. ↑ "TV serials & movie producer Balaji Telefilms launches online platform with original digital content". 14 August 2015. https://techcircle.vccircle.com/2015/08/14/tv-serials-movie-producer-balaji-telefilms-launches-online-platform-with-original-digital-content. 
  42. ↑ "New OTT platform NIRI 9 Launched in Guwahati with grand web series trailers". 30 December 2020. https://insidechronicle.com/entertainment/assams-new-ott-platform-niri-9-launched-in-guwahati-with-grand-web-series-trailers. 
  43. ↑ "MX Player, Reportedly Bought by Indian Media Giant for $200 Million". 28 June 2018. https://www.xda-developers.com/mx-player-reportedly-bought-200-million/. 
  44. ↑ "With Ditto TV, Zee eyes a game-changer". 1 March 2012. https://www.dnaindia.com/business/report-with-ditto-tv-zee-eyes-a-game-changer-1656839. 
  45. ↑ "Ullu was launched globally on December 25, 2018, and the content is created by some of the best talents of the entertainment industry". 23 August 2019. https://www.mid-day.com/articles/ullu-apps-ceo-vibhu-agarwal-talks-about-up-coming-web-series-the-bull-of-dalal-street/21594194. 
  46. ↑ "Mubi launches streaming service in India". https://techcrunch.com/2019/11/18/mubi-india-launch/. 
  47. ↑ "ManoramaMax' news and entertainment app launched, download now". https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2019/09/02/manorama-max-launched-entertainment-news-app.html. 
  48. ↑ "Shemaroo Announces the Launch of New OTT Platform ShemarooMe" (in en-US). 2019-02-14. https://www.dqindia.com/shemaroo-announces-launch-new-ott-platform-shemaroome/. 
  49. ↑ "ViKi Raises $4.3 Million from VC All-Stars to Translate the World's Video" (in en-US). https://social.techcrunch.com/2010/12/08/viki-raises-4-3-million-from-vc-all-stars-to-translate-the-worlds-video/. 
  50. ↑ "International Video Site ViKi Debuts iPhone App, Will Partner With Samsung For Android App" (in en-US). https://social.techcrunch.com/2011/09/23/international-video-site-viki-debuts-iphone-app-will-partner-with-samsung-for-android-app/. 
  51. ↑ "Planet Marathi | World's First Marathi OTT Platform" (in en). https://planetmarathi.com/. 
  52. ↑ "Amazon.com Help: What is Amazon HD". https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=G8X4YJYLED87FSH2. 
  53. ↑ "Amazon.com Help: Download Prime Music for Offline Playback". https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=201535240. 
  54. ↑ "Amazon Music Unlimited FAQ". https://www.amazon.co.uk/b/ref=dm_hf_lp_fourpack?ie=UTF8&node=11741995031. 
  55. ↑ "Amazon Music: The Dark Horse Comes Out Of The Shadows | MIDiA Research". MIDiA Research. 20 October 2017. https://www.midiaresearch.com/blog/amazon-music-the-dark-horse-comes-out-of-the-shadows/. 
  56. ↑ Steele, Anne (5 February 2018). "Apple Music on Track to Overtake Spotify in U.S. Subscribers". Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-music-on-track-to-overtake-spotify-in-u-s-subscribers-1517745720. 
  57. ↑ "Pandora takes on Spotify with dozens of personalized playlists built using its Music Genome – TechCrunch". https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/28/pandora-takes-on-spotify-with-dozens-of-personalized-playlists-built-using-its-music-genome/. 
  58. ↑ "Download music to listen offline – Google Play Help". https://support.google.com/googleplay/answer/1250232?hl=en-GB. 
  59. ↑ "Google Play Music". https://play.google.com/about/music/allaccess/. 
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Russell, Jon. "Saavn, 'India's Spotify', Reveals It Has 11M Monthly Users And Hires Ex-Google Exec". https://techcrunch.com/2015/01/21/saavn-11-million-mau/. 
  61. ↑ "SiriusXM Acquires Minority Stake in SoundCloud With $75 Million Investment". 11 February 2019. https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8550690/siriusxm-invests-75-million-into-soundcloud. 
  62. ↑ Rusli, Evelyn M.; Karp, Hannah; MacMillan, Douglas (9 December 2014). "SoundCloud's Valuation Could Top Billion With New Fundraising". https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2014/12/09/soundclouds-valuation-could-top-1-2-billion-with-new-fundraising/. 
  63. ↑ "Upgraded Spotify Premium Family Plan: Value the Entire Household Will Love". 19 August 2019. https://newsroom.spotify.com/2019-08-19/upgraded-spotify-premium-family-plan-value-the-entire-household-will-love/. 
  64. ↑ "Spotify Q1 beats on sales of $2B with monthly active users up 31% to 286M". https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/29/spotify-q1-beats-on-sales-of-2b-with-monthly-active-users-up-31-to-286m/. 
  65. ↑ "YouTube Music is making it simple to transfer over your Google Play Music library" (in en). https://youtube.googleblog.com/2020/05/youtube-music-transfer-google-play-music-library.html. 
  66. ↑ Feb 26, Swati Mathur / TNN /. "OTT Guidelines India: Content on OTT platforms will be divided into five age-related categories | India Business News - Times of India" (in en). The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/content-on-ott-platforms-will-be-divided-into-five-age-related-categories/articleshow/81219365.cms. 
  67. ↑ Dutta, Amrita Nayak (25 February 2021). "Upset we're not being consulted, OTT platform body says about govt 'plan' to frame guidelines". ThePrint. https://theprint.in/india/governance/upset-were-not-being-consulted-ott-platform-body-says-about-govt-plan-to-frame-guidelines/611451/. 
  68. ↑ "17 major OTT players adopt toolkit for regulation" (in en-IN). The Hindu. 2021-02-11. ISSN 0971-751X. https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/netflix-disney-hotstar-amazon-prime-video-and-14-other-ott-players-adopt-toolkit-for-regulation/article33814432.ece. 





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