Engineering:Pindad Komodo

From HandWiki
Short description: Indonesian armored vehicle


Pindad Komodo
Komodo Recon variant.jpg
Pindad Komodo Recon version
TypeArmored car
Place of originIndonesia
Service history
In service2012 – present
Used bySee Users
WarsStabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Production history
DesignerPindad
DesignedOctober 2011 – March 2012
ManufacturerPindad
Unit costUSD$250,000 to USD$300,000
ProducedNovember 2012 – present
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
Mass5,800 kilograms (12,800 lb) (Empty)
7,300 kilograms (16,100 lb) (Combat)
Length5,650 mm (222.4 in)
Width2,250 mm (88.6 in)
Height2,150 mm (84.6 in)
Crew2 (driver and gunner), additional passengers depending on the variant.
ArmourBulletproof steel and glass
Main
armament
12.7 mm HMG or 7.62 mm GPMG
Secondary
armament
Depends on variant
EngineDiesel
200 metric horsepower (150 kW)
Power/weight29.4 Hp/tonne
TransmissionManual (6 Forward and 1 Reverse)
SuspensionRigid Axle; Front (Bushing Arm with coil Spring); Rear (Trailing Arm with Coil Spring), Stabilizer Bar; Telescopic Shock Absorber
Ground clearance440 mm (17.3 in)
Fuel capacity200 L (53 U.S. gal)
Operational
range
450 km (280 mi)
Speed80 kilometres per hour (50 mph) (Maximum, flat)
50 kilometres per hour (31 mph) (Maximum, offroad)
100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) (Maximum, highway)

The Pindad Komodo or Pindad Dragon[citation needed] for export markets is a 4x4 light armored car developed and produced by Pindad. The vehicle was developed after Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono made a visit to Pindad's main office and asked them to create an indigenous tactical vehicle in order to serve the needs of the Indonesian police and military as an alternative to other 4x4 tactical vehicles such as the Humvee as a personal challenge to the company.[1][2] The vehicle was given its present name by President Yudhoyono after it was unveiled to the public at the 2012 Indo Defence Expo and Forum in Jakarta, Indonesia so that the Komodo can have a strong impression "at any combat field and could bring the glory for Indonesia.", especially since the Komodo dragon is an endemic animal native to Indonesia.[1][3]

Its design features are made similar to the Renault Sherpa Light Scout family, which is also used by Indonesia.[4][5][6] The Komodo's external designs also resembles the Humvee.[7]

The Komodo tactical vehicles are slowly being adopted into Indonesian police and military service, which started after the vehicles made its public debut at Indodefence 2012. Production of these vehicles are seen to be a major shift by Pindad to move into the protected mobility domain in a cost-effective manner by the government by producing the Komodo on Indonesian soil.[8]

History

The creation of the Komodo first started on October 26, 2011, when President Yudhoyono personally visited a PT Indonesian Aerospace weapon system exhibition. During his visit, he gave a challenge to Pindad's Product Development Team to make an indigenous 4×4 tactical vehicle. Pindad's Special Vehicle Division technicians bore the responsibility to make the said vehicle.[1] In the course of developing the vehicle, Pindad looked at other armored tactical vehicles that were being produced and sold such as the Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle, the Nexter Aravis and the Sherpa Light family.[9] During the visit, PT Pindad president Adik Aviantono Sudarsono was told to prepare on the production process of the vehicle when President Yudhoyono requested Pindad to have a working prototype ready in two months after his visit.[10] Production of the Komodo was based at Pindad's factory in Bandung, West Java.[11] The creation of a working Komodo prototype was completed in March 2012.[12]

The Komodo made its first appearance when Pindad demonstrated the tactical vehicle to several visitors at the RITech Expo in September 2012, showing the Komodo alongside the Anoa and other Pindad-made small arms to the public.[13][14] Production on a working Komodo by Pindad started on October 5, 2012.[15] On November 10, 2012, President Yudhoyono gave the name Komodo to Pindad's new tactical vehicle at the Indo Defence 2012 Expo & Forum, Jakarta International Expo, Kemayoran, Jakarta.[16][17] He was asked to give the tactical vehicle a name as a formality when he was a guest in Indodefence 2012.[18] The naming of the vehicle was because the Komodo dragon symbolises Indonesia as a whole.[19] President Yudhoyono was accompanied during the naming ceremony by various officials including Defence Minister Purnomo Yusgiantoro, Deputy Defence Minister Sjafrie, Police Chief General Timur Pradopo, Armed Forces Commander Admiral Agus Suhartono, Vice Governor of Jakarta Tjahaja Basuki Purnama and other high-ranking officials.[20] A production plan of at least 240 Komodo tactical vehicles was planned after it was unveiled in Indodefence 2012.

The Komodo was also unveiled to visitors who were from the Royal College of Defence Studies when they visited Pindad manufacturing facilities during official visits.[21] The vehicle was presented to Indonesian and Singaporean military personnel at the Weaponry System Display and Practice Assistance Latma Safkar Indopura 24/2012 from November 21 to 28, 2012.[22] The Komodo was shown to the public at the 2013 Indonesian National Armed Force Leadership Meeting exhibition at Cilangkap.[23]

Pindad has been awarded at the BUMN Award 2013 by the Indonesian government for their contribution in making the Komodo, since 80% of its components are being made locally.[24] Pindad has reported confirmation that there are unnamed countries that are very interested to purchase Komodo tactical vehicles.[1] Pindad has said that possible exports can be done for ASEAN member nations who wish to buy the Komodos.[25] Defence Minister Purnomo Yusgiantoro, from Merdeka Palace, said that the production of the Komodo is a stepping stone that would eventually lead to the development of a tactical vehicle industry in Indonesia.[26]

Pindad obtained a loan of 300–700 million Rupiah from the State Capital Participation or Penyertaan Modal Negara to assist in covering the costs of producing the Komodos.[27] The company has been given a deadline of 10 years by the government to repay the loan made from PMN funds.[28] Pindad said that they would be able to repay the loan as soon as possible.[28]

Design

The establishment of Law Number 16/2012 allowed Pindad to create the Komodo to their advantage, in which the law stipulates Indonesia to have local content used in the manufacturing of its defence products with international cooperation.[1] The Komodo was designed in Pindad's Bandung, West Java manufacturing facility with a price tag of about US$300,000.[29] According to Pindad, the Komodo's monocoque armored body is bulletproof and it can withstand 7.62 mm or lower calibre rifle and handgun bullets.[4] The Komodo's glass is also made bulletproof. The Komodo's turbo intercooler diesel engine has a total horsepower of 215 PS at 2500 rpm, allowing the vehicle to achieve the weight ratio of around 30 hp/ton.[16][30]

The Komodo can carry up to 200 liters of diesel fuel. The vehicle only has a manual transmission system, which consists of 6 forward and 1 reverse gear, allowing the Komodo to have off-road capabilities.[16][30] President Avianto said that the normal cruising range of the Komodo is at 450 kilometers, with an average speed of 70 km/h.[31] The Komodo's off-road capabilities have been tested in various conditions ranging from mountainous terrain to mud and sand.[12]

While most parts of the Komodo are made locally in Indonesia such as the frame, body and design, Pindad has publicly stated that they used imported components such as Hino for machinery parts and Michelin for the tires.[32] Its diesel engines were imported directly from Renault.[33]

The Komodo's monocoque steel body was made locally by Krakatau Steel.[34] The Indonesian Army's Research and Development Department or Dislitbang TNI AD has officially certified the Komodo as a road worthy vehicle after Pindad conducted static and dynamic tests.[35]

Pindad collaborated with MBDA to create the mobile anti-aircraft SAM variant, which are armed with Mistral SAM missiles.[16] According to the Indonesian military, a total of 56 mobile SAM units are to be made and purchased.[36] Pindad also collaborated with Nexter to create Komodos that would serves as mobile command and communications vehicles with a total of 51 units being ordered.[36] The Komodos can be modified by Pindad on the request of their customers in order to suit their own requirements, depending on the circumstances.

In Indo Defence 2016, Saab has entered into an agreement with Pindad to work on a Komodo anti-aircraft variant that will use the RBS 70 NG missile system and Giraffe 1X AESA radar.[37]

On June 1, 2018, Pindad announced that it has entered into a partnership with Bhukhanvala Industries to research and develop a ceramic-based protection system for the Komodo.[38] From the certification carried out by the Ministry of Industry and PT Surveyor Indonesia, it is known that Komodo has a TKDN (Tingkat Komponen Dalam Negeri — Domestic Component Level) of 40.86 to 40.91%.[39]

Operational history

A total of 14 units of Komodo have been handed over by Pindad since last June 2018 and departed for Democratic Republic of the Congo in November with 850 soldiers who served in MONUSCO. The Komodo that were handed over by Pindad consisted of 12 troop transport (APC) variants, 1 Command version, and 1 Ambulance unit.[40]

Variants

These are models being offered by Pindad as official Komodo variants.

Variants of the Komodo are offered by Pindad with the following being officially marketed to its customers:[1][16]

  • Ambulance
  • Armoured personnel carrier / APC
  • Battering ram
  • Command and Communications
  • Cannon Towing
  • Mobile SAM launcher Mistral
  • Recon
  • Mortar: A mortar variant was in testing stages as of November 2018.[41]
  • 25/30mm autocannon: A turreted variant with 25/30 mm autocannon is demonstrated in Indo Defence 2018, using Cockerill CPWS Generation 2 turret and equipped with 2 slots for ATGM.[42]

Users

Map with Pindad Komodo operators in blue

Current

  •  Indonesia: The following are equipped/scheduled to be equipped with the Komodo:
    • The Indonesian Army has officially ordered 6 Komodos.[7] The Mistral Mobile SAM launcher variant is also scheduled for orders with the Indonesian Army with a total of 56 Komodos,[7][36] scheduled to be fully delivered by 2015.[43] An additional fifty Komodos are ordered from Pindad.[44] 8 Komodos modified to house communications equipments were also ordered.[36] In 2019, another 51 Komodos were ordered by the army.[45]
    • Kopassus has ordered an unknown number of Komodos modified for anti-terrorist missions, which includes the capability of ramming into brick walls measuring up to 30 centimetres.[16][46] These will be used by SAT-81 Gultor in anti-terrorist operations.[1] Tender Indonesia has publicly reported that an additional 10 Komodos were ordered for the same variant.[47] In addition, they are equipped with electronic and communications equipment with tactical ladders as well as other special operations equipment.[44]
    • The Mobile Brigade has ordered 2 Komodo APCs.[1][16] These are to be customised for "Jungle Warfare" operations, which includes missions in urban and jungle areas.[1] The Mobile Brigade has placed an additional order of 10 Komodos.[44] They will have metal grilles installed on all windows due to their involvement in BRIMOB operations, which includes the suppression of violent demonstrations and riots.[48]

Potential

  •  Ghana: Ghana's defence minister Dominic Nitiwul said in December 2019 that the Ghanaian government was interested in purchasing the Komodo.[49]
  •  Malaysia: In November 2018, Malaysian Defense Minister Mohamad Sabu expressed interest in purchasing the Komodo.[50]
  •  Philippines: On February 29, 2020, it was announced that the Philippines is interested in potentially purchasing Komodos.[51]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "Komodo, Other Milestone for PT Pindad?". Ministry of State-owned Enterprises Indonesia. 2013-02-16. http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/galeri/artikel/komodo-other-milestone-for-pt-pindad/. 
  2. ↑ Feby Dwi Sutianto (2013-04-22). "Ini Dia Humvee Versi Pindad si 'Komodo Tempur'" (in id). Detik Finance. http://finance.detik.com/read/2013/04/22/145457/2227048/1036/ini-dia-humvee-versi-pindad-si-komodo-perang. 
  3. ↑ ""Komodo", The Name of PT. Pindad (Persero) Tactical Vehicle". Ministry of State-owned Enterprises Indonesia. 2012-11-13. http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/berita/222/%E2%80%9CKomodo%E2%80%9D,.Nama.Kendaraan.Taktis.Buatan.PT..Pindad.Persero. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Reza Syariati (2012-11-10). "Komodo, a Name by SBY for Pindad-made Vehicle" (in id, en). Berita 2 Bahasa. http://berita2bahasa.com/berita/01/17331011-sby-namai-komodo-kendaraan-taktis-buatan-pindad. 
  5. ↑ "Renault APCs set for Indonesian army". http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2011/01/14/Renault-APCs-set-for-Indonesian-army/UPI-44491295004600/. 
  6. ↑ "Renault Trucks Defense Receives New Orders from Indonesia". Renault Trucks Defense. Army Technology. 2011-01-10. http://www.army-technology.com/contractors/vehicles/renault/press10.html. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Komodo, Kendaraan Tempur Teranyar Buatan Negeri Sendiri" (in id). Solopos. 2012-08-09. http://www.solopos.com/2012/08/09/komodo-kendaraan-tempur-teranyar-buatan-negeri-sendiri-317722. 
  8. ↑ "Protected mobility- VEHICLES SLOW TO ACCELERATE IN ASIA". Defence Review Asia. 2012-12-20. http://www.defencereviewasia.com/articles/196/Protected-mobility-VEHICLES-SLOW-TO-ACCELERATE-IN-ASIA. 
  9. ↑ "Komodo Kendaraan Taktis Kebanggaan PT. PINDAD" (in id). Official Pekalongan Regency government website. 2013-02-20. http://www.pekalongankab.go.id/fasilitas-web/artikel/teknologi/3570-komodo-kendaraan-taktis-kebanggaan-pt-pindad.html. 
  10. ↑ "President Asks Pindad to Produce New Tactical Vehicle Variety". Antara News. 2011-10-26. http://antaranews.com/en/news/76981/president-asks-pindad-to-produce-new-tactical-vehicle-variety. 
  11. ↑ Muhtar Muis (2013-05-07). "Kebanggaan Indonesia: Kendaraan Tempur dan Senjata" (in id). Celebes Online. http://www.celebesonline.com/2013/05/07/kebanggaan-indonesia-kendaraan-tempur-dan-senjata.htm. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "TNI-AD, Kopassus, dan Brimob Segera Diperkuat Komodo" (in id). Indonesian Embassy in the Netherlands. 2012-08-09. http://www.id.indonesia.nl/content/view/2268/184/. 
  13. ↑ Ministry of State-owned Enterprises Indonesia (2012-08-14). "PT Pindad Mengikuti Pameran Ritech Expo 2012" (in id). http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/publikasi/berita/pt-pindad-mengikuti-pameran-ritech-expo-2012/. 
  14. ↑ "PINDAD: Pesanan Peluru dari TNI NAIK" (in id). Bisnis Indonesia. 2012-10-31. http://www.bisnis-kti.com/index.php/2012/10/pindad-pesanan-peluru-dari-tni-meningkat/. 
  15. ↑ "Enam "Komodo" Pindad dipesan TNI dan Polri" (in id). Antara News. 2012-08-09. http://www.antaranews.com/berita/326682/enam-komodo-pindad-dipesan-tni-dan-polri. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 Denny Armandhanu and Oscar Ferri (2012-11-10). "SBY Namai Panser 4x4 Pindad "Komodo"" (in id). VIVA News. Archived from the original on 2014-05-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20140512223653/https://us.nasional.news.viva.co.id/news/read/366414-sby-namai-panser-4x4-pindad--komodo-. 
  17. ↑ "Presiden namai kendaraan tempur "Komodo"" (in id). Antara News. 2012-11-10. http://www.antaranews.com/berita/342912/presiden-namai-kendaraan-tempur-komodo. 
  18. ↑ Nur Khafifah (2012-11-10). "Kunjungi Indo Defence, SBY Beri Nama Kendaraan Taktis Komodo" (in id). Detik News. http://news.detik.com/read/2012/11/10/123437/2088050/10/kunjungi-indo-defence-sby-beri-nama-kendaraan-taktis-komodo. 
  19. ↑ "Presiden Namakan Kendaraan Taktis Militer, Komodo" (in id). Antara News. 2012-11-10. http://www.antarakalbar.com/berita/307892/presiden-namakan-kendaraan-taktis-militer-komodo. 
  20. ↑ Sandro Gatra (2012-11-10). "residen Beri Nama Rantis Komodo" (in id). Kompas. http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2012/11/10/13043570/Presiden.Beri.Nama.Rantis.Komodo. 
  21. ↑ "RCDS Visit to PT Pindad (Persero)" (in id). Ministry of State-owned Enterprises Indonesia. 2013-05-30. http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/berita/269/.Kunjungan.RCDS.ke.PT.Pindad.Persero. 
  22. ↑ "PT Pindad at Latma Safkar Indopura 24/2012 Event" (in id). Ministry of State-owned Enterprises Indonesia. 2012-11-21. http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/berita/224/PT.Pindad.Persero.pada.Latma.Safkar.Indopura.24/2012/. 
  23. ↑ "Alpalhan Exhibition". Ministry of State-owned Enterprises Indonesia. 2013-01-30. http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/publikasi/berita/demo-pameran-alpalhan/. 
  24. ↑ "PT Pindad (Persero) Achievements at BUMN Award 2013". Ministry of State-owned Enterprises Indonesia. 2013-05-20. http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/publikasi/berita/pt-pindad-persero-achievements-at-bumn-award-2013/. 
  25. ↑ "Pindad Pamerkan Dua Panser Populer Sampai Mancanegara" (in id). Bandung Oke. 2012-05-08. http://bandungoke.com/index.php?page=view&class=Berita&id=20120805200604. 
  26. ↑ Ramadhian Fadillah (2011-10-11). "Indonesia Produksi 'Hummer' di Pindad". Detik News. http://news.detik.com/read/2011/11/10/171345/1764849/10/indonesia-produksi-hummer-di-pindad. 
  27. ↑ "Pindad Kembangkan Tank Tempur" (in id). JPNN. 2012-11-13. http://www.jpnn.com/read/2012/12/06/149442/Pindad-Kembangkan-Tank-Tempur-. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "Pindad: Permintaan Peluru TNI Melonjak" (in id). Berita Satu. 2012-10-31. http://www.beritasatu.com/politik/80583-pindad-permintaan-peluru-tni-melonjak.html. 
  29. ↑ Feby Dwi Sutianto (2013-05-22). "Humvee Made in Bandung si 'Komodo Tempur' Dijual Rp 3 Miliar/Unit" (in id). Detik Finance. http://finance.detik.com/read/2013/04/22/152139/2227115/1036/humvee-made-in-bandung-si-komodo-tempur-dijual-rp-3-miliar-unit. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Rantis Komodo Perkuat TNI dan Polri" (in id). SAINS Indonesia. 2013-03-01. http://www.sainsindonesia.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=492:rantis-komodo-perkuat-tni-dan-polri&catid=40&Itemid=145. 
  31. ↑ "Military's demand for ammunition increasing: Pindad". Antara News. 2012-10-31. http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/85355/militarys-demand-for-ammunition-increasing-pindad. 
  32. ↑ Satya Festiani (2012-11-10). "Pindad exhibits Komodo, the new tactical vehicle". Repulika Online. http://www.republika.co.id/berita/en/national-politics/12/11/11/mda3m4-pindad-exhibits-komodo-the-new-tactical-vehicle. 
  33. ↑ Didit Putra Erlangga Rahardjo (2011-10-26). "Pindad Siap Ladeni Tantangan SBY" (in id). Kompas. http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2011/10/26/14343995/Pindad.Siap.Ladeni.Tantangan.SBY. 
  34. ↑ Maruf Ridhoi (November 2012). "Kendaraan Tempur "Komodo" Pindad diresmikan Presiden RI" (in id). Militer Review. http://www.militer-review.web.id/2012/11/kendaraan-tempur-pindad-diresmikan.html. 
  35. ↑ "Pindad Produksi Rantis" (in id). Indonesian Army. 2013-05-04. http://dislitbangad.mil.id/index.php/pindad-produksi-rantis. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 "Rantis 4x4 "Komodo" Buatan Dalam Negeri" (in id). Indonesian Armed Forces. 2012-11-12. http://www.tni.mil.id/view-42523-rantis+4x4+komodo+buatan+dalam+negeri.html. 
  37. ↑ "Saab Showcasing RBS 70 NG VSHORAD and Giraffe 1X Radar on PT Pindad Vehicles". Army Recognition. http://www.armyrecognition.com/indo_defence_2016_online_show_daily_news_coverage/saab_showcasing_rbs_70_ng_vshorad_and_giraffe_1x_radar_on_pt_pindad_vehicles.html. 
  38. ↑ Jon Grevatt. "PT Pindad expands co-operation with Indian firms" (in en). Jane's 360. https://www.janes.com/article/80549/pt-pindad-expands-co-operation-with-indian-firms. 
  39. ↑ "P3DN | Home". http://tkdn.kemenperin.go.id/sertifikat_perush.php?id=yPL9AkNWr8eoIA2Cuh9zBxDjiidPjSyX5mLTV9dlTkg,. 
  40. ↑ "Komodo 'Albino' Sang Penjaga Perdamaian Dunia Buatan Pindad" (in en-US). 2019-02-12. https://www.airspace-review.com/2019/02/12/komodo-albino-sang-penjaga-perdamaian-dunia-buatan-pindad/. 
  41. ↑ Foss, Christopher F (12 November 2018). "Pindad's Komodo 4×4 outfitted with 120 mm mortar". London. https://www.janes.com/article/84538/pindad-s-komodo-4-4-outfitted-with-120-mm-mortar. 
  42. ↑ Sawiyya, Rangga Baswara (2018-11-10). "Tampil Perdana, Komodo Pindad Berkubah Senjata CPWS Gen.2" (in id). https://www.airspace-review.com/2018/11/10/tampil-perdana-komodo-pindad-berkubah-senjata-cpws-gen-2/. 
  43. ↑ "Pindad increases its Komodo 4x4 tactical vehicles range with a new Recon variant". Army Recognition. 2014-11-02. http://www.armyrecognition.com/indodefence_2014_official_show_daily_news_coverage/pindad_increases_its_komodo_4x4_tactical_vehicle_range_with_a_new_recon_variant.html. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 "Kopassus & Brimob, Pengguna Pertama Komodo Tempur" (in id). Medan Bisnis. 2013-04-22. http://www.medanbisnisdaily.com/news/read/2013/04/22/25153/kopassus_brimob_pengguna_pertama_komodo_tempur/#.UbMp_pyfWSo. 
  45. ↑ "PT. Pindad (Persero) - Danpussenarmed Kunjungi Pindad, Tinjau Progress Komodo Nexter". https://pindad.com/danpussenarmed-kunjungi-pindad-tinjau-progress-komodo-nexter. 
  46. ↑ Feby Dwi Sutianto (2013-02-05). "Yuk, Menengok Kecanggihan Si 'Komodo Tempur' Buatan Bandung" (in id). Detik Finance. http://finance.detik.com/read/2013/05/02/143455/2236392/1036/2/yuk-menengok-kecanggihan-si-komodo-tempur-buatan-bandung#bigpic. 
  47. ↑ "Pindad kerjakan pesanan enam unit Komodo" (in id). Tender Indonesia. 2012-05-11. http://www.tender-indonesia.com/tender_home/innerNews2.php?id=16894&cat=CT0020. 
  48. ↑ Maruf Ridhoi (January 2013). "Pindad Selesaikan Rantis KOMODO Pesanan Brimob". Militer Review. http://www.militer-review.web.id/2013/01/pindad-selesaikan-rantis-komodo-pesanan.html. 
  49. ↑ "Defence ministry signs deal to secure Indonesian military equipment" (in en). 2019-12-02. https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Defence-ministry-signs-deal-to-secure-Indonesian-military-equipment-804438. 
  50. ↑ "Menhan Malaysia Kepincut Tank Harimau Buatan PT Pindad" (in id-ID). 2018-11-09. https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2018/11/09/337/1975312/menhan-malaysia-kepincut-tank-harimau-buatan-pt-pindad. 
  51. ↑ Arya Dipa. "Philippines eyes Indonesia-made combat vehicles" (in en). The Jakarta Post. https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/02/29/philippines-eyes-indonesia-made-combat-vehicles.html. 

External links



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