Engineering:List of soft contact lens materials

From HandWiki
Short description: none

Soft contact lenses are one of several types of contact lenses for corrective vision eyewear as prescribed by optometrists and ophthalmologists.[1]

Background

In the US market, soft contact lenses are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.[2] The American Optometric Association published a contact lens comparison chart called Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Types of Contact Lenses on the differences between them.[3] These include:

  • soft contact lenses
  • rigid gas-permeable (RGP)
  • daily wear
  • extended wear
  • disposable
  • planned replacement contact lenses.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines soft contact lenses as:

made of soft, flexible plastics that allow oxygen to pass through to the cornea. Soft contact lenses may be easier to adjust to and are more comfortable than rigid gas permeable lenses. Newer soft lens materials include silicone-hydrogels to provide more oxygen to your eye while you wear your lenses.[4]

History

The first contact lenses were made of glass, in 1888. Initially the glass was blown but soon lenses were made by being ground to shape. For the first fifty years, glass was the only material used. The lenses were thin, yet reports of injury were rare. In 1938 perspex (polymethylmethacrylate, or PMMA) began to replace glass in contact lens manufacture. PMMA lenses were easier to produce so the production of glass lenses soon ended. Lenses made of PMMA are called hard lenses.[5] Soft contact lenses were first produced in 1961 by Czech chemical engineer Otto Wichterle using polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (pHEMA), a material that achieved long-term commercial application. Lenses made of polyacrylamide were introduced in 1971.[5]

Types

The FDA classifies soft contact lenses into four groups for the US market. They are also subcategorized into 1st generation, 2nd generation, and 3rd generation lens materials.[6] These 'water-loving' soft contact lens materials are categorized as "Conventional Hydrophilic Material Groups ("-filcon"):

Group Water Content Percentage Ionic/Non-Ionic
I Low Water Content (<50%) Nonionic
II High Water Content (>50%) Nonionic
III Low Water Content (<50%) Ionic
IV High Water Content (>50%) Ionic

Note: Being ionic in pH = 6.0 – 8.0.[7]

The FDA has been considering updating soft contact lens group types and related guidance literature.[8][9][10]

Contact lens polymers

The materials that are classified in the 5 FDA groups include the ones listed in the next 5 sections:[11][12]

FDA classification of soft contact lens materials[13]
FDA lens group Adopted name Transmissibility level

(Dk x10-11)

Water content Chemical composition
I
non-ionic
low water content 		galyfilcon A 60 47% –
lotrafilcon A 140 24% DMA, siloxane, TRIS
lotrafilcon B 110 33%
polymacon 7.5 36% HEMA
tetrafilcon 9.0 43.5% HEMA, MMA, NVP
II
non-ionic
high water content 		alphafilcon A 22.9 66% HEMA, NVP
hilafilcon A 26.9 70%
omafilcon A 19.6 62% HEMA, PC
III
ionic
low water content 		balafilcon A 99 36% NCVE, NVP, PBVC, TPVC
bufilcon A 16.0 45% DA, HEMA, MAA
IV
ionic
high water content 		etafilcon A 17.0 58% HEMA, MAA
ocufilcon D 19.7 55%
vifilcon A 16.0 55% HEMA, MAA, PVP
DA – diacetone acrylamide; DMA – N,N-dimethylacrylamide; HEMA – 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate; MAA – methacrylic acid; MMA – methyl methacrylate; NCVE – N-carboxl vinyl ester; NVP – N-vinyl pyrrolidone; PBVC – poly[dimethylsiloxyl] di[silybutanol] bis[vinyl carbamate]; PC – phosphorylcholine; TPVC – tris-(trimethylsiloxysilyl) propylvinyl carbamate; TRIS – tris-(hydroxylmethyl) aminomethane

Hydrogel groups

Below is a list of most contact lens materials on the market, their water percentage, their oxygen permeability rating, and manufacturer brands.[14][15][16][17] Note that the higher the oxygen transmissibility rating, the more oxygen gets to the eye.

Low-water nonionic

Material % Water Oxygen Transmissibility (Dk/t) Brands
Tefilcon 38 8.9 Cibasoft, Illusions, Torisoft, Softint, STD, LL Bifocal
Tetrafilcon A 43 9 Cooper Clear, Cooper Toric, Preference, Preference Toric, Vantage, Vantage Accents, Vantage Thin, Vantage Thin Accents
Crofilcon 38 13 CSI, CSI Toric
Helfilcon A/B 45 12 Continental Toric, Flexlens, Flexlens Toric, Flexlens Aphakic, Optima Toric, All X-Cel lenses
Mafilcon 33 4 Menicon
Polymacon 38.6 8.5–24.3 Allvue, Biomedics 38, Clearview, CustomEyes 38, EpconSOFT, EsstechPS, Esstech PSD, Esstech SV, Frequency 38, HD, HD-T, HDX, HDX-T, Horizon 38, Hydron Mini, Hydron Zero 4 SofBlue, Hydron Zero 6 SofBlue, Hydron Versa Scribe, Lifestyle MV2, Ideal Soft, Lifestyle Xtra, Lifestyle 4Vue, Lifestyle Toric Bifocal, LL38, Metrosoft ll Multifocal, Metrosoft Toric, Natural Touch, Occasions, Optima 38/SP, PS-45 Multifocal, Simulvue 38, Sof-form II, SofLens, SofLens38, SofLens Multi-Focal, Softics, SoftView, Unilens 38, Westhin Toric, EZvue Soft Contact Lens, Solotica
Hioxifilcon B 49 15 Alden HP Sphere, Alden HP Toric, Aquaease, Essential Soft Toric Multifocal, Flexlens, Quattro, Satureyes, Satureyes Toric and Multifocal, All X-Cel Lenses

High-water nonionic

Material % Water Oxygen Transmissibility (Dk/t) Brands
Surfilcon A 74 35
Lidofilcon A 70 31 ActiFresh 400, CV 70
Lidofilcon B 79 38
Netrafilcon A 65 34.5
Hefilcon B 45 10 Optima Toric
Alphafilcon A 66 32 SofLens Toric for Astigmatism
Omafilcon A 58–60 28–36.7 Proclear 1-Day, Proclear EP, Proclear 1 day Multifocal, Proclear Multifocal Toric, Biomedics XC, Aveo
Omafilcon B 62 21.3–52.3 Proclear Sphere, Proclear toric, Proclear toric XR, Proclear multifocal, Proclear multifocal XR, Proclear multifocal toric
Vasurfilcon A 74 39.1 Precision UV
Hioxifilcon A 59 28 Alden HP Sphere, Alden HP Toric, ExtremeH₂O 59% Thin/Extra, Biocurve Gold Sphere and Toric, Aura ADM, Scout by Warby Parker,[18] Hydro by Hubble, Miru 1 Day[19], iWear slim, Atrea Select 1 day
Hioxifilcon D 54 21 Alden HP Sphere, Alden HP Toric, ExtremeH₂O 54%, Clarity H₂0, C-Vue Advanced Custom Toric
Nelfilcon A 69 26 Focus Dailies, Focus Dailies Toric/Progressive, Dailies AquaComfort Plus, FreshLook One-Day, Synergy, Triton, easyvision Vitrea
Hilafilcon A 70 35
Hilafilcon B 59 22 SofLens 59, SofLens Daily Disposable, SofLens Daily Disposables for Astigmatism, easyvision Virision daily
Acofilcon A 58 25.5 Flexlens Tricurve Keratoconus
Nesofilcon A 78 42 Biotrue ONEday

Low-water ionic

Material % Water Oxygen Transmissibility (Dk/t) Brands
Bufilcon A 45 16 Hydrocurve II 45, Soft Mate B
Deltafilcon A 43 10 Amsoft, Amsoft Thin, Comfort Flex, Custom Flex, Metrosoft, Soft Form Toric
Phemfilcon 38 9 Durasoft 2

High-water ionic

Material % Water Oxygen Transmissibility (Dk/t) Brands
Bufilcon A 55 16 Hydrocurve I, Hydrocurve 3 Toric, Softmate II
Perfilcon A 71 34 Permalens
Etafilcon A 58 23.8–28 Acuvue, Acuvue Bifocal, Acuvue 2, Acuvue 2 Colors, 1-Day Acuvue, 1-Day Acuvue Moist, 1-Day Acuvue Moist for Astigmatism, 1-Day Acuvue Moist Multifocal, 1-Day Acuvue Define, Colornova, Discon, Waldo, Natural Vue, Ocylens
Focofilcon A 55 16 Fre-Flex
Ocufilcon B 52–53 16–24 ClearSight 1-Day, Continental, Ocu-Flex 53
Ocufilcon C 55 16 UCL55, UCL-Pediatric
Ocufilcon D 55 17.8–28.1 Biomedics 55 Premier asphere, Biomedics Toric, ClearSight 1-Day Toric, Horien 1-Day Disposable, Cadence Comfort 1 Day, Flextime One Day, iWear fit, Ocean daily, Optosan One
Ocufilcon E 65 22 Ocuflex 65
Ocufilcon F 60 24.3 Hydrogenics 60 UV
Phemfilcon A 55 16 Durasoft 3, Freshlook, Wildeyes
Methafilcon A 55 17.9-37.6 Biocurve Advanced Aspheric, Biocurve 1-Day, Biocurve Toric & Sphere, C-Vue 1-Day ASV, C-Vue 55, Edge III 55, Elite AC, Elite Daily, Elite AC Toric, Expressions Colors, Flexlens, Frequency 55 Sphere/Multifocal, HD2, HDX2, Horizon 55 Bi-Con, Hubble, Kontur, LL55, New Horizons, Revolution, Sauflon 55, Sof-form 55, Sunsoft Eclipse, Sunsoft Toric, Vertex Sphere, Vertex Toric, Atrea Blue 1 day
Methafilcon B 55 14.5–31.3 Frequency 55 Toric, Hydrasoft Sphere, Hydrasoft Sphere Thin, Hydrasoft Aphakic, Hydrasoft Aphakic Thin, Hydrasoft Toric, Hydrasoft Toric Thin
Vilfilcon A 55 16 Focus 1–2 Week Softcolors, Focus Monthly Softcolors, Focus Toric, Focus Progressives, Soft 55, Soft 55 EW

Silicone hydrogel polymers

Material Company FDA Approval Replacement cycle % Water Oxygen Transmissibility (Dk/t) Modulus (MPa) Center Thickness (mm) Brands
Lotrafilcon A Alcon 2001 monthly 24 175[20] 1.5 0.08 Air Optix Night & Day Aqua, easyvision monthly aquaeyes
Sifilcon A Alcon 2004 32 82 0.08 O2Optix Custom
Lotrafilcon B Alcon 2011 monthly 33 110–138 1.0 0.08 O2Optix, Air Optix for Astigmatism, Air Optix Aqua, Air Optix Aqua Multifocal, Air Optix Colors, Air Optix plus HydraGlyde, Air Optix plus HydraGlyde Multifocal, Air Optix plus HydraGlyde for Astigmatism, Specsavers easyvision Irisian (plus), Oculsoft Oxygen
Verofilcon A Alcon 2018 daily 51–80
(water gradient) 		90-100 0.6 0.09 Precision1, Precision1 for Astigmatism
Lehfilcon A Alcon 2021 monthly 55–99
(water gradient) 		154[21] 0.6 0.08 TOTAL30, TOTAL30 for Astigmatism, TOTAL30 Multifocal
Delefilcon A Alcon 2023 daily 33–99
(water gradient) 		156[22] 0.7 0.09 DAILIES TOTAL1, DAILIES TOTAL1 Multifocal, DAILIES TOTAL1 for Astigmatism
Balafilcon A Bausch & Lomb 2005 monthly 36 91-130 1.1 0.09 PureVision, PureVision Toric, PureVision Multi-Focal, PureVision2, PureVision2 for Astigmatism, PureVision2 Multi-Focal for Presbyopia
Samfilcon A Bausch & Lomb 2013 monthly 46[23] 163[24] 0.7 0.07 Bausch & Lomb Ultra, Bausch & Lomb Ultra for Astigmatism, Bausch & Lomb Ultra for Presbyopia, Bausch + Lomb ULTRA Multifocal for Astigmatism, iWear intense
Kalifilcon A Bausch & Lomb 2023 daily 55 134[25] 0.5 0.08 Bausch & Lomb INFUSE, INFUSE for Astigmatism, INFUSE One-Day Multifocal, Bausch & Lomb ULTRA ONE DAY, Bausch & Lomb ULTRA ONE DAY Multifocal
Comfilcon A CooperVision 2008 monthly 48 116–160 0.75 0.08 Biofinity, Biofinity toric, Biofinity XR, Biofinity XR toric, Biofinity Energys, Biofinity multifocal, Ascend Premier, Cadence premier, Options premier, Atrea Excellence Plus, Atrea Excellence Pro, iWear oxygen
Riofilcon A CooperVision daily 58 93 0.4 0.07 Specsavers easyvision Aquiane
Enfilcon A CooperVision 2012 monthly 46 100 0.6 0.06 Avaira, Avaira Toric, Specsavers easyvision Monthly Uvicia
Fanfilcon A CooperVision 2016 monthly 55 90–110 0.6 0.06 Avaira Vitality, Avaira Vitality toric, ascend evolve+, options evolve+, 24H Toric, Atrea Comfort 1 Month, iWear balance plus, easyvision Uvicia Plus
Stenfilcon A CooperVision 2020 daily 54 80–100 0.4 0.08 MyDay, MyDay toric, MyDay Multifocal, MyDay Energys, Kirkland Signature, Specsavers easyvision Linarial, iWear harmony, Atrea Excellence 1 day, Atrea Excellence Pro 1 day, TrueLens Platinum Daily
Somofilcon A CooperVision 2020 daily + monthly 56 57–86 0.5 0.07 clariti 1 day, clariti 1 day toric, clariti 1 day multifocal, Live daily disposable, clariti elite, clariti toric, clariti xr toric, clariti multifocal, ascend 1 Day Air, easyvision Umere, easyvision Sential, iWear activ, iWear Vivid, TrueLens Premium Daily, aquaclear airone
Inofilcon A Interrojo 2026 daily + monthly 45 77-106 0.068 Clalen o2o2 1-Day, Clalen o2o2 1-Day Toric, Clalen o2o2 1-Day Multifocal
Galyfilcon A Johnson & Johnson 2003 monthly 47 86[26] 0.43 0.07 Acuvue Advance with Hydraclear, Acuvue Advance for Astigmatism
Senofilcon A Johnson & Johnson 2004 daily + biweekly 38 103–147 0.7 0.07 Acuvue Oasys, Acuvue Oasys for Astigmatism, Acuvue Oasys for Presbyopia, Acuvue Oasys 1-Day, Acuvue Oasys 1-Day for Astigmatism, Acuvue Oasys with Transitions, Acuvue Oasys Max 1-Day, Acuvue Oasys Max 1-Day for Astigmatism, Acuvue Oasys Max 1-Day Multifocal
Narafilcon A Johnson & Johnson 2007 daily 46 118 0.66 0.085 1-Day Acuvue TruEye (new)
Narafilcon B Johnson & Johnson 2010 daily 48 55 1-Day Acuvue TruEye (old)
Senofilcon C Johnson & Johnson 2016 monthly 41 129–147 0.77 0.07 Acuvue Vita, Acuvue Vita for Astigmatism
Asmofilcon A Menicon 2018 monthly 40 161[27] 0.9 0.08 Miru 1month Menicon, Miru 1month Menicon Toric, Miru 1month Menicon Multifocal, Atrea Excellence 1 Month, iWear connect, easyvision Orba
Midafilcon A Menicon 2020 daily 56 64 0.36 0.07 Miru 1day UpSide, Miru 1 Day UpSide Toric, Miru 1 Day UpSide Multifocal, Miru 1month Menicon Multifocal Toric, iWear Flex, easyvision Soria
Elastofilcon SilSoft 1991 0.2 340 SilSoft Aphakic, SilSoft Super Plus
Olifilcon B Visco Vision 2016 daily 47
 120[28] 0.6 0.08 Kits Daily, Everclear Elite, Hubble SkyHy
Olifilcon A Visco Vision 2019 monthly 47
 150[29] 0.6 0.08 Everclear Plus, Everclear Air

Production generations

There are three generations of silicone hydrogel contact lens materials:[30]

1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation
Material: Lotrafilcon A, Balafilcon A Senofilcon A, Galyfilcon A Samfilcon A, Comfilcon A, Enfilcon A, Asmofilcon A[31]
Features: TRIS structures, plasma treated, high modulus Modified Tanaka monomer, lack of coatings, higher Dk for water content No TRIS structure, no surface treatments or wetting agents, breaks traditional water-Dk-modulus relationships

References

  1. ↑ "About Contact Lenses - clma.net". Contact Lens Manufacturers Association. http://www.clma.net/about-contact-lenses/. 
  2. ↑ "Contact Lens Safety - Ophthalmic Devices Panel" (Microsoft PowerPoint). FDA Division of Ophthalmic and Ear, Nose and Throat Devices. 13 May 2014. pp. 97. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/MedicalDevices/MedicalDevicesAdvisoryCommittee/OphthalmicDevicesPanel/UCM397603.pdf. 
  3. ↑ "Caring for Your Vision: Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Types of Contact Lenses". American Optometric Association. http://www.aoa.org/patients-and-public/caring-for-your-vision/contact-lenses/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-various-types-of-contact-lenses?sso=y. 
  4. ↑ Center for Devices and Radiological Health. "Contact Lenses - Types of Contact Lenses" (in en). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/HomeHealthandConsumer/ConsumerProducts/ContactLenses/ucm062319.htm#scl.  Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Polymers in everyday things – Contact Lenses". Royal Society of Chemistry. http://www.rsc.org/Education/Teachers/Resources/Inspirational/resources/3.1.1.pdf. 
  6. ↑ "The FDA has created the 4 Lens groups of hydrogels Materials to clarify categories of similar polymers for investigating solutions approvals". http://www.aalens.com/fda.html. 
  7. ↑ "FDA Executive Summary Prepared for the May 13, 2014 Meeting of the Ophthalmic Devices Panel of the Medical Devices Advisory Committee" (in English). Ophthalmic Devices Panel of the Medical Devices Advisory Committee. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. May 13, 2014. p. 2. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/MedicalDevices/MedicalDevicesAdvisoryCommittee/OphthalmicDevicesPanel/UCM395577.pdf#page=3. 
  8. ↑ Loretta B. Szczotka-Flynn (February 2005). "Contact Lens Materials: Advocating a New Lens Group" (in en). Contact Lens Spectrum. http://www.clspectrum.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=12748. Retrieved 18 June 2016. 
  9. ↑ "Contact Lens Compendium". Contact Lens Spectrum. http://contactlensupdate.com/compendium/. 
  10. ↑ "Updating the Contact Lens Classification System" (in en). 10 Nov 2011. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/aboutfda/centersoffices/cdrh/cdrhfoiaelectronicreadingroom/ucm279426.pdf. 
  11. ↑ "Contact Lenses: Manufacturing/Chemistry". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. n.d.. pp. 25. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/.../ucm080960.pdf. 
  12. ↑ "Editorial - Should Silicone Hydrogels be Placed in a Separate FDA Soft Contact Lens Category?". http://www.siliconehydrogels.org/editorials/oct_04_serina.asp. 
  13. ↑ Stretton, Serina (October 2004). "Should Silicone Hydrogels be Placed in a Separate FDA Soft Contact Lens Category?". http://www.siliconehydrogels.org/editorials/oct_04_serina.asp. 
  14. ↑ "Contact Lens Spectrum - Soft Contact Lenses". Contact Lens Spectrum. https://www.clspectrum.com/supplements/2010/july-2010/2010-contact-lenses-solutions-summary/soft-contact-lenses. 
  15. ↑ "CooperVision Product Reference Guide - 2019". CooperVision. https://coopervision.com/sites/coopervision.com/files/7716a_-_consumer_product_reference_guide_-_2019.pdf. 
  16. ↑ "Acuvue Tech Specs - Winter 2017". Johnson & Johnson. https://www.acuvue.com/sites/acuvue_us/files/products-spec-sheet.pdf. 
  17. ↑ "Contact Lenses: Bausch + Lomb". Bausch & Lomb. http://www.bausch.com/ecp/our-products/contact-lenses. 
  18. ↑ "Scout by Warby Parker (90 Pack) Contacts". https://www.warbyparker.com/contacts/scout. 
  19. ↑ "Miru 1 Day Contacts". https://lenspricer.co.uk/miru-1-day. 
  20. ↑ "10.2.4 AONDA Product Page | MyAlcon". https://professional.myalcon.com/contact-lenses/monthly/air-optix-night-and-day/. 
  21. ↑ "TOTAL30® Parameters and Contact Lens Technology | Alcon". https://www.myalcon.com/professional/contact-lenses/monthly/total30/. 
  22. ↑ "Dailies TOTAL1® Lens Parameters and Fitting Guide | Alcon". https://www.myalcon.com/professional/contact-lenses/daily/dailies-total1/. 
  23. ↑ David L. Kading (May 2014). "New Lens Technology Targets Improved Vision and Comfort". Contact Lens Spectrum 29. http://www.clspectrum.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=111082. 
  24. ↑ Lens Parameters pi.bausch.com Retrieved 30 March 2023
  25. ↑ "Bausch + Lomb INFUSE - Optix-now" (in en-US). https://www.optix-now.com/bausch-lomb/infuse/1748-infuse.html. 
  26. ↑ "The Performance of Galyfilcon A". Contact Lens Monthly. 12 May 2008. http://assets.markallengroup.com/article-images/image-library/147/uploads/importedimages/french.pdf. 
  27. ↑ "Miru 1month | Menicon America" (in en-US). https://www.meniconamerica.ca/en/products/soft-lens/miru-1month/. 
  28. ↑ "K180322 - Trade/Device Name: Si-Hy (olifilcon B) color silicone hydrogel soft contact lens". https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf18/K180322.pdf. 
  29. ↑ K183670 - Trade/Device Name: Vexillum Zephyr (olifilcon A) with Tangible Polymers Silicone Hydrogel Soft Contact Lenses
  30. ↑ "Looking at Silicone Hydrogels Across Generations". Optometric Management. https://www.optometricmanagement.com/issues/2008/may-2008/looking-at-silicone-hydrogels-across-generations. 
  31. ↑ Carnt, Nicole (May 2008). "3rd Generation Silicone Hydrogel Lenses". http://www.siliconehydrogels.org/editorials/08_may.asp. 



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Engineering:List_of_soft_contact_lens_materials&oldid=4577714"