Medicine:African histoplasmosis
| African histoplasmosis |
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African histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii, or Histoplama duboisii (Hcd).[1]:316[2] Disease has been most often reported in Uganda, Nigeria, Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and Senegal, as Hcd is exclusive to Africa.[3] In human disease it manifests differently than histoplasmosis (caused by Histoplasma capsulatum, or Hcc), most often involving the skin and bones and rarely involving the lungs.[4] Also unlike Hcc, Hcd has been reported to rarely present in those with HIV, likely due to underreporting.[5][6][7] However, this along with the differences in Hcc and Hcd have been disputed.[2]
The favored locations of African histoplasmosis are "osteoarticular, ganglionic and pulmonary".[8][9] Genitourinary skin damage is rare, occurring in only 4-11% patients and typically as a secondary skin invasion in those with disseminated infection.[10][11]
It presents as "localized with isolated skin, bone, or lymph node infections or disseminated with multiple cutaneous lesions present all over the body, subcutaneous abscesses, enlarged lymph nodes, liver and spleen, and visceral organ enlargement"[8][12][13] Cutaneous manifestations can be isolated or present with nodules, papules, or ulcers.[14][8] They may present with subcutaneous swelling, cold abscesses progressing to spontaneous fistulization, or ulcers that may bud.[14][8] If left alone, lesions may turn into a large ulcer.[10]
See also
References
- ↑ Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. 2006. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "African histoplasmosis: new clinical and microbiological insights". Medical Mycology 56 (1): 51–59. January 2018. doi:10.1093/mmy/myx020. PMID 28431110.
- ↑ "Histoplasmosis in Africa: a review". The Indian Journal of Chest Diseases & Allied Sciences 42 (4): 271–7. November 2000. PMID 15597674.
- ↑ "Histoplama capsulatum (Histoplasmosis)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (8th ed.). 28 August 2014. pp. 393–6. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.
- ↑ "Is African histoplasmosis an opportunistic fungal infection in AIDS?". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 84 (2): 293. 1990-03-01. doi:10.1016/0035-9203(90)90292-M. PMID 2389325.
- ↑ "[African histoplasmosis due to Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii: relationship with AIDS in recent Congolese cases"] (in fr). Santé 5 (4): 227–34. July 1995. PMID 7582643. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7582643/.
- ↑ "Histoplasmosis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected people in Europe: report of 4 cases and review of the literature". Medicine 85 (1): 22–36. January 2006. doi:10.1097/01.md.0000199934.38120.d4. PMID 16523050.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "African histoplasmosis of the penis". Oxford Medical Case Reports 2020 (6): omaa043. June 2020. doi:10.1093/omcr/omaa043. PMID 32617170.
- ↑ "Histoplasmosis by Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii Observed at the Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy of Lomé in Togo". Journal of Pathogens 2017: 2323412. 2017. doi:10.1155/2017/2323412. PMID 28804654.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "African histoplasmosis in a Guinea Bissau patient with HIV-2: Case report and review". Journal de Mycologie Médicale 30 (1): 100904. April 2020. doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.100904. PMID 31706701.
- ↑ "Histoplasma capsulatum recovery from the urine and a short review of genitourinary histoplasmosis". Mycopathologia 167 (6): 315–23. June 2009. doi:10.1007/s11046-009-9182-z. PMID 19184526.
- ↑ "Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis developed in the penis of an immunocompetent patient". Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 90 (2): 255–7. April 2015. doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20153224. PMID 25831000.
- ↑ "Penoscrotal histoplasmosis following bladder carcinoma". International Journal of Urology 14 (6): 571–2. June 2007. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2042.2007.01766.x. PMID 17593111.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Scrotal Histoplasmosis Masquerading as Fournier's Gangrene". International Journal of Surgical Pathology 25 (6): 509–510. September 2017. doi:10.1177/1066896916687078. PMID 28112039.
Further reading
- "African histoplasmosis: a review". Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia 14 (4): 155–9. December 1997. PMID 15538817. http://www.reviberoammicol.com/1997-14/155159.pdf.
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