Medicine:Nodule

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Short description: Solid, non-blisterform elevated areas in or under the skin
Nodule
Nodules.svg
SpecialtyPathology

In medicine, nodules are small firm lumps, usually greater than 1 cm in diameter.[1][2] If filled with fluid they are referred to as cysts.[2] Smaller (less than 0.5 cm) raised soft tissue bumps may be termed papules.[3]

The evaluation of a skin nodule includes a description of its appearance, its location, how it feels to touch and any associated symptoms which may give clues to an underlying medical condition.[4]

Nodules in skin include dermatofibroma[5] and pyogenic granuloma.[6] Nodules may form on tendons and muscles in response to injury,[7] and are frequently found on vocal cords.[8] They may occur in organs such as the lung,[9] or thyroid,[10] or be a sign in other medical conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.[11]

Characteristics

Nodules are small firm lumps usually greater than 1 cm in diameter, found in skin and other organs.[1][2] If filled with fluid they are usually softer and referred to as cysts.[2] Smaller (less than 0.5 cm) raised soft tissue bumps may be termed papules.[3]

Evaluation

The evaluation of a skin nodule includes a description of its appearance, its location, how it feels to touch and any associated symptoms which may give clues to an underlying medical condition.[4]

Often discovered unintentionally on a chest x-ray, a single nodule in the lung requires assessment to exclude cancer.[9]

Conditions

Nodules may form on tendons and muscles in response to injury,[7] and are frequently found on vocal cords,[8] They occur in conditions including endometriosis,[12] neurofibromatosis,[6] and in rheumatoid arthritis.[11] They may also feature in Kaposi's sarcoma[13] and gonorrhea.[14]

Other examples

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mosby (2013) (in en). Mosby's Medical Dictionary - E-Book. Elsevier. pp. 1235–1236. ISBN 978-0-323-11258-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=aW0zkZl0JgQC. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Oakley, Amanda. "Terminology in dermatology | DermNet NZ" (in en). https://dermnetnz.org/topics/terminology/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Potter, Patricia A.; Perry, Anne Griffin; Stockert, Patricia; Hall, Amy (2014-03-25) (in en). Essentials for Nursing Practice - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0-323-18881-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=obPwAwAAQBAJ&q=Smaller+(less+than+0.5+cm)+elevated+soft+tissue+lesions+may+be+termed+papules.&pg=PA329. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Evangelisto, Amy; Werth, Victoria; Schumacher, H. Ralph (October 2006). "What is that nodule? A diagnostic approach to evaluating subcutaneous and cutaneous nodules". Journal of Clinical Rheumatology: Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases 12 (5): 230–240. doi:10.1097/01.rhu.0000240034.72958.2f. ISSN 1076-1608. PMID 17023809. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17023809/. Retrieved 14 January 2021. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Linton, Christina P. (March 2011). "Essential Morphologic Terms and Definitions". Journal of the Dermatology Nurses' Association 3 (2): 102–103. doi:10.1097/JDN.0b013e318211c6f0. ISSN 1945-760X. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2FJDN.0b013e318211c6f0. Retrieved 13 January 2021. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "Dermal and subcutaneous lesions | DermNet NZ". https://dermnetnz.org/cme/lesions/dermal-and-subcutaneous-lesions/. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ashton-Miller, James A. (1999) (in en). Response of Muscle and Tendon to Injury and Overuse. National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK230857/. Retrieved 13 January 2021. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "BRITISH VOICE ASSOCIATION : Vocal nodules". https://www.britishvoiceassociation.org.uk/voicecare_vocal-nodules.htm. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Kikano, George E.; Fabien, Andre; Schilz, Robert (15 December 2015). "Evaluation of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule". American Family Physician 92 (12): 1084–1091. ISSN 0002-838X. PMID 26760594. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/1215/p1084.html. Retrieved 14 January 2021. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Britton, K. E.; Gilday, David L.; Maisey, Michael (2013-12-11) (in en). Clinical Nuclear Medicine. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4899-3358-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=bpQpBAAAQBAJ&q=%22Nodule%22+medicine+-wikipedia&pg=PA205. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Rheumatoid nodules in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)". https://nras.org.uk/resource/rheumatoid-nodules/. 
  12. ↑ "Imaging modalities for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2 (2): CD009591. February 2016. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009591.pub2. PMID 26919512. "painful palpable nodules". 
  13. ↑ Massi, Daniela; Luzar, Boštjan; Alos, Llucia (2016). "15. Common skin tumours of the head and neck". in Cardesa, Antonio (in en). Pathology of the Head and Neck. Springer. pp. 737. ISBN 978-3-662-49670-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=ag4bDgAAQBAJ&q=Kaposi's+sarcoma+nodule&pg=PA737. 
  14. ↑ Berg, Dale; Worzala, Katherine (2006). "3. Female genitourinary examination" (in en). Atlas of Adult Physical Diagnosis. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 55. ISBN 978-0-7817-4190-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=B0MQhbQsd-IC&q=gonorrhea+nodule&pg=PA55. 
  15. ↑ "New York Thyroid Center: Thyroid Nodules". http://www.cumc.columbia.edu/dept/thyroid/nodules.html. 
  16. ↑ Ost D, Fein AM, Feinsilver SH; Fein; Feinsilver (June 2003). "Clinical practice. The solitary pulmonary nodule". New England Journal of Medicine 348 (25): 2535–42. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp012290. PMID 12815140. 

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