Medicine:Lobomycosis
| Lobo's disease | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Lobo disease,[1] Jorge Lobo's disease,[2] Lacaziosis,[3] keloidal blastomycosis[4] |
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| Histopathological changes in the skin seen in lobomycosis. Source: CDC | |
| Causes | Lacazia loboi[1] |
Lobomycosis is a fungal infection of the skin.[4] It usually presents with bumps in the skin, firm swellings, deep skin lesions, or malignant tumors.[1]
It is caused by Lacazia loboi (formerly named Loboa loboi).[5] Transmission is generally by direct contact with contaminated water, soil, vegetation, or by direct contact with an infected dolphin.[1]
Diagnosis is by identifying Lacazia laboi in a lesion.[1]
This disease is usually found in humans[6] and bottlenose dolphins, with the possible risk of transmission from one species to the other.[7]
It was discovered by Brazil ian dermatologist Jorge Lobo. Other names which were given to the disease are: keloidal blastomycosis, Amazonian blastomycosis, blastomycoid granuloma, miraip and piraip. These last two names were given by natives of the Amazon and mean that which burns.[8]
Signs and symptoms
The disease is endemic in rural regions in South America and Central America. Infection most commonly develops after minor scratches or insect bites, but many patients cannot recall any skin trauma. Human-to-human transmission does not occur, and the disease is only acquired from the environment.[9] The disease manifests as chronic keloidal nodular lesions on the ears, legs, or arms.[10]
Diagnosis of Lobo's disease is made by taking a sample of the infected skin (a skin biopsy) and examining it under the microscope. Lacazia loboi is characterized by long chains of spherical cells interconnected by tubules. The cells appear to be yeast-like with a diameter of 5 to 12 μm. Attempts to culture L. loboi have so far been unsuccessful.[10]
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
The disease is often misdiagnosed as Blastomyces dermatitidis or Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis due to its similar morphology.[citation needed]
Treatment
Surgical excision or cryosurgery is the treatment of choice.[11] Treatment with antifungals has been considered ineffective, but the use of clofazimine and dapsone in patients with leprosy and lobomycosis has been found to improve the latter. This treatment regimen, with concomitant itraconazole, has been used to prevent recurrence after surgery.[12]
Other animals
Lesions in dolphins occur on the dorsal fin, head, flukes, and peduncle. In January 2006, a potential epidemic of lobomycosis was reported in dolphins of the Indian River Lagoon in Florida.[13]
See also
- List of cutaneous conditions
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "ICD-11 - ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f566562143.
- ↑ "Disseminated lobomycosis". Int. J. Dermatol. 47 (6): 582–3. June 2008. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03678.x. PMID 18477148.
- ↑ "Macrophage and TGF-beta immunohistochemical expression in Jorge Lobo's disease". Hum. Pathol. 39 (2): 269–74. February 2008. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2007.06.016. PMID 17959227.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Johnstone, Ronald B. (2017). "25. Mycoses and Algal infections". Weedon's Skin Pathology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. p. 464. ISBN 978-0-7020-6830-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=NTE_DAAAQBAJ.
- ↑ Honda, Kord; Horner, Kyle (2006). "Lobomycosis". eMedicine. http://www.emedicine.com/derm/topic832.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-18.
- ↑ "Human case of lobomycosis". Emerging Infect. Dis. 10 (4): 715–8. April 2004. doi:10.3201/eid1004.030416. PMID 15200867.
- ↑ Reif, John S.; Schaefer, Adam M.; Bossart, Gregory D. (2013-10-01). "Lobomycosis: risk of zoonotic transmission from dolphins to humans". Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 13 (10): 689–693. doi:10.1089/vbz.2012.1280. ISSN 1557-7759. PMID 23919604.
- ↑ Valdebran, Manuel (14 April 2017). "Lobomycosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology". WebMD. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1092451-overview.
- ↑ "História natural da doença de Jorge Lobo. Ocorrência entre os índios Caibi (Brasil Central)". Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 21: 302–338. 1979.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Lobomycosis Epidemiology and Management: The Quest for a Cure for the Most Neglected of Neglected Tropical Diseases". Journal of Fungi 8 (5): 494. 2022. doi:10.3390/jof8050494. PMID 35628750.
- ↑ Bolognia JL, ed (2007). "Fungal diseases". Dermatology. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 1150. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ↑ "Accidental Jorge Lobo's disease in a worker dealing with Lacazia loboi infected mice: a case report". Journal of Medical Case Reports 3: 67. 2009. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-3-67. PMID 19220901.
- ↑ "Lobomycosis in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida". J Am Vet Med Assoc 228 (1): 104–8. January 2006. doi:10.2460/javma.228.1.104. PMID 16426180.
Further reading
- Bermudez, L., M.F. van Bressem, O. Reyes-Jaimes, A.J. Sayegh & A.E. Paniz Mondolfi (2009) Lobomycosis in man and lobomycosis-like disease in bottlenose dolphin, Venezuela. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 15: 1301–1303.
- Carvalho, K. A. D., Floriano, M. C., Enokihara, M. M. S., & Mascarenhas, M. R. M. (2015). Jorge Lobo’s disease. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia, 90(4), 586–588.
- Esperon, F., D. Garcia-Parraga, E.N. Belliere & J.M. Sanchez-Vizcaino (2012) Molecular diagnosis of lobomycosis-like disease in a bottlenose dolphin in captivity. Med. Mycol., 50: 106–109.
- Francesconi, V. A., Klein, A. P., Santos, A. P. B. G., Ramasawmy, R., & Francesconi, F (2014) Lobomycosis: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management options. Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management, 10, 851.
- Rodríguez-Toro G (May 1993). "Lobomycosis". Int. J. Dermatol. 32 (5): 324–32. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1993.tb01466.x. PMID 8505156.
- Paniz-Mondolfi, A., C. Talhari, L.S. Hoffmann, D.L. Connor and S. Talhari & al. (2012) Lobomycosis: An emerging disease in humans and delphinidae. Mycoses, 55: 298-309 | résumé.
- Reif, J.S., A.M. Schaefer & G.D. Bossart (2013) Lobomycosis: Risk of zoonotic transmission from dolphins to humans. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis., 13: 689–693.
- Schaefer, A. M., Reif, J. S., Guzmán, E. A., Bossart, G. D., Ottuso, P., Snyder, J., ... & McCarthy, P. J. (2016). Toward the identification, characterization and experimental culture of Lacazia loboi from Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Sabouraudia, 54(6), 659–665.
External links
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