Medicine:Sodium nitrite (medical use)
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| Formula | NNaO2 |
| Molar mass | 68.995 g·mol−1 |
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Sodium nitrite is used as a medication together with sodium thiosulfate to treat cyanide poisoning.[1] It is only recommended in severe cases of cyanide poisoning.[2] In those who have both cyanide poisoning and carbon monoxide poisoning sodium thiosulfate by itself is usually recommended.[3] It is given by slow injection into a vein.[1]
Side effects can include low blood pressure, headache, shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, and vomiting.[1] Greater care should be taken in people with underlying heart disease.[1] People's levels of methemoglobin should be regularly checked during treatment.[1] While not well studied during pregnancy, there is some evidence of potential harm to the baby.[4] Sodium nitrite is believed to work by creating methemoglobin that then binds with cyanide and thus removes it from the mitochondria.[4]
Sodium nitrite came into medical use in the 1920s and 1930s.[5][6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. 2009. p. 65. ISBN 9789241547659.
- ↑ "Sodium Nitrite Solution for Injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) - (eMC)". https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/32282.
- ↑ Baren, Jill M. (2008) (in en). Pediatric Emergency Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1018. ISBN 978-1416000877. https://books.google.com/books?id=wpvux6RS-jsC&pg=PA1018.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Sodium Nitrite Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". https://www.drugs.com/pro/sodium-nitrite-injection.html.
- ↑ Dart, Richard C. (2004) (in en). Medical Toxicology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 172. ISBN 9780781728454. https://books.google.com/books?id=BfdighlyGiwC&pg=PA172.
- ↑ Bryan, Nathan S.; Loscalzo, Joseph (2011) (in en). Nitrite and Nitrate in Human Health and Disease. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 226. ISBN 9781607616160. https://books.google.com/books?id=CDkkwVV4aMQC&pg=PA226.
- ↑ World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
External links
- "Sodium nitrite". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/sodium%20nitrite.
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