Physics:CFR-600

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The CFR-600 (Xiapu fast reactor pilot project) is a sodium-cooled pool-type fast-neutron nuclear reactor in Xiapu County, Fujian province, China, on Changbiao Island.[1][2] It is a generation IV demonstration project by the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC). Construction started in late 2017. These first reactor started operations in 2023[3] The reactor will have an output of 1500 MW thermal power and 600 MW electric power.[1][2] The fuel will be supplied by TVEL, subsidiary of Rosatom, according to the agreement signed in 2019.[4]

The CFR-600 is part of the Chinese plan to reach a closed nuclear fuel cycle. Fast neutron reactors are the main future nuclear power technology in China.

A larger commercial-scale reactor, the CFR-1000, is also planned.[2]

On the same site, the building of a second 600 MW fast reactor CFR-600 was started in December 2020[5] and four 1000 MW CAP1000 are proposed.[6]

Such breeder reactors have the possibility to be used to produce weapons grade plutonium for nuclear weapon manufacturing purposes.[7]

Reactors

Unit Type Model Net capacity Gross capacity Thermal capacity Construction Start Operation Start Notes
Xiapu-1 FBR CFR-600 642 MWe 682 MWe 1882 MWt 2017-12-29 [8]
Xiapu-2 FBR CFR-600 642 MWe 682 MWe 1882 MWt 2020-12-27 [5][9]
Phase II
Xiapu-3 PWR Hualong One 1000 MW 1215 MW 3400 MW [10]
Xiapu-4 PWR Hualong One 1000 MW 1215 MW 3400 MW [10]

Controversy

Al Jazeera reported in 2021 that the reactors are controversial because they produce weapons-grade plutonium, offering a dual military and civilian use. China has stopped annual voluntary declarations to the International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA] on its stocks of plutonium.[11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "CFR-600 (China Institute of Atomic Energy, China)". IAEA. https://aris.iaea.org/PDF/CFR-600.pdf. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "China begins building pilot fast reactor". www.world-nuclear-news.org. http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NN-China-begins-building-pilot-fast-reactor-2912174.html. 
  3. ↑ "China started operation of its first CFR-600 breeder reactor" (in en-us). 2023-12-15. https://fissilematerials.org/blog/2023/12/china_started_operation_o.html. 
  4. ↑ "Russia's TVEL to Supply Fuel for Chinas CFR-600 Reactor". https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsrussias-tvel-to-supply-fuel-for-chinas-cfr-600-fast-reactor-6935732. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "China starts building second CFR-600 fast reactor". www.world-nuclear-news.org. https://world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/China-starts-building-second-CFR-600-fast-reactor. 
  6. ↑ CCCC-FHDI wins bid for quot;feasibility study of offshore engineering of 600MW fast reactor nuclear power demonstration project in Xiapu , 12.03.2015. CAP1000 are Westinghouse Electric Company US design and technology transfer sold to China, while nuclear fuel is supplied by Russia Tosatom. (Template:Deprecated archive on Template:Deprecated archive).
  7. ↑ Patel, Prachi (28 Dec 2022). "China's New Breeder Reactors May Produce More Than Just Watts". IEEE Spectrum. https://spectrum.ieee.org/china-breeder-reactor. 
  8. ↑ "XIAPU-1". Power Reactor Information System (PRIS). International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). 2026-02-15. https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=1101. Retrieved 16 February 2026. 
  9. ↑ "XIAPU-2". PRIS. IAEA. 2026-02-15. https://pris.iaea.org/PRIS/CountryStatistics/ReactorDetails.aspx?current=2121. Retrieved 16 February 2026. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Ten new reactors approved in China". World Nuclear News. WNA. https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/ten-new-reactors-approved-in-china. Retrieved 2025-04-29. 
  11. ↑ "Concerns grow over China nuclear reactors shrouded in mystery". Al Jazeera. 19 May 2021. https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/5/19/concerns-grow-over-china-nuclear-reactors-shrouded-in-mystery. 

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