Physics:Isotopes of phosphorus
Template:Infobox phosphorus isotopes Although phosphorus (15P) has 22 known isotopes from 26P to 47P; only 31P is stable, thus phosphorus is considered a monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are 33P with a half-life of 25.35 days and 32P with a half-life of 14.269 days. All others have half-lives of under 2.5 minutes, most under a second.
List of isotopes
| Nuclide [n 1] |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (u) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life [n 4] |
Decay mode [n 5] |
Daughter isotope [n 6] |
Spin and parity [n 7][n 4] |
Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Excitation energy | Normal proportion | Range of variation | |||||||
| 26P | 15 | 11 | 26.011806(11)[1] | 43.6(3) ms | β+ (62.9%) | 26Si | (3)+ | ||
| β+, p (35.1%) | 25Al | ||||||||
| β+, 2p (1.99%) | 24Mg | ||||||||
| 26mP | 164.4(1) keV | 115(8) ns | IT | 26P | (1+) | ||||
| 27P | 15 | 12 | 26.9992925(97) | 260(80) ms | β+ (99.93%) | 27Si | 1/2+ | ||
| β+, p (0.07%) | 26Al | ||||||||
| 28P | 15 | 13 | 27.9923265(12) | 270.3(5) ms | β+ | 28Si | 3+ | ||
| β+, p (.0013%) | 27Al | ||||||||
| β+, α (8.6×10−4%) | 24Mg | ||||||||
| 29P | 15 | 14 | 28.98180037(39) | 4.102(4) s | β+ | 29Si | 1/2+ | ||
| 30P | 15 | 15 | 29.978313490(69) | 2.5000(17) min | β+ | 30Si | 1+ | ||
| 31P | 15 | 16 | 30.97376199768(80) | Stable | 1/2+ | 1.0000 | |||
| 32P | 15 | 17 | 31.973907643(42) | 14.269(7) d | β− | 32S | 1+ | Trace | |
| 33P | 15 | 18 | 32.9717257(12) | 25.35(11) d | β− | 33S | 1/2+ | ||
| 34P | 15 | 19 | 33.97364589(87) | 12.43(10) s | β− | 34S | 1+ | ||
| 35P | 15 | 20 | 34.9733140(20) | 47.3(8) s | β− | 35S | 1/2+ | ||
| 36P | 15 | 21 | 35.978260(14) | 5.6(3) s | β− | 36S | 4− | ||
| β−, n? | 35S | ||||||||
| 37P | 15 | 22 | 36.979607(41) | 2.31(13) s | β− | 37S | (1/2+) | ||
| β−, n? | 36S | ||||||||
| 38P | 15 | 23 | 37.984303(78) | 0.64(14) s | β− (88%) | 38S | (2−) | ||
| β−, n (12%) | 37S | ||||||||
| 39P | 15 | 24 | 38.98629(12) | 282(24) ms | β− (74%) | 39S | (1/2+) | ||
| β−, n (26%) | 38S | ||||||||
| 40P | 15 | 25 | 39.991262(90) | 150(8) ms | β− (84.2%) | 40S | (2−,3−) | ||
| β−, n (15.8%) | 39S | ||||||||
| β−, 2n? | 38S | ||||||||
| 41P | 15 | 26 | 40.99465(13) | 101(5) ms | β− (70%) | 41S | 1/2+# | ||
| β−, n (30%) | 40S | ||||||||
| β−, 2n? | 39S | ||||||||
| 42P | 15 | 27 | 42.00117(10) | 48.5(15) ms | β− (50%) | 42S | |||
| β−, n (50%) | 41S | ||||||||
| β−, 2n? | 40S | ||||||||
| 43P | 15 | 28 | 43.00541(32)# | 35.8(13) ms | β−, n | 42S | (1/2+) | ||
| β−, 2n ? | 41S | ||||||||
| 44P | 15 | 29 | 44.01193(43)# | 18.5(25) ms | β−, n (55%[2]) | 43S | |||
| β− (24%) | 44S | ||||||||
| β−, 2n (21%) | 42S | ||||||||
| 45P | 15 | 30 | 45.01713(54)# | 24(7 (stat), 9 (sys)) ms[2] | β−, n (79%) | 44S | 1/2+# | ||
| β−, 2n (21%) | 43S | ||||||||
| 46P | 15 | 31 | 46.02452(54)# | 9# ms [>200 ns] |
β−? | 46S | |||
| β−, n? | 45S | ||||||||
| β−, 2n? | 44S | ||||||||
| 47P | 15 | 32 | 47.03093(64)# | 4# ms [>400 ns] |
β− | 47S | 1/2+# | ||
| β−, n? | 46S | ||||||||
| β−, 2n? | 45S | ||||||||
- ↑ mP – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ↑ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ↑ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ↑
Modes of decay:
IT: Isomeric transition n: Neutron emission p: Proton emission - ↑ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ↑ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
Radioactive isotopes
Phosphorus-32
32P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 31.973907 and half-life of 14.26 days. 32P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with beta particle-emitting radiocytotoxic activity. Emitted by 32P, beta particles directly damage cellular DNA and, by ionizing intracellular water to produce several types of cytotoxic free radicals and superoxides, indirectly damage intracellular biological macromolecules, resulting in tumor cell death.[3]
Phosphorus-33
33P is an artificial radioactive element produced with a low yield by the neutron bombardment of 31P (stable). It is a pure β-emitter, like 32P, and can be used as an alternative to it in research in molecular biology. Indeed, its longer life time and especially its smaller decay energy make its manipulation simpler in the laboratory. In the medical field, 33P has been used in the treatment of arterial stenosis but is no longer indicated at this time.[4]
See also
Daughter products other than phosphorus
- Isotopes of sulfur
- Isotopes of silicon
- Isotopes of aluminum
- Isotopes of magnesium
References
- ↑ Chen, Z. Y.; Yan, X. L.; Hou, S. Q.; Liu, J. B.; Shi, J. Y.; Zhou, X. H.; Zhang, Y. H.; Wang, M. et al. (1 December 2025). "Precision Mass Measurement of 26 P and 27 S and Their Impact on the 26 P( p , γ ) 27 S Reaction in Stellar X-Ray Bursts". The Astrophysical Journal 994 (2): 270. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ae1470.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Crawford, H. L.Expression error: Unrecognized word "et". (2022). "Crossing N = 28 toward the neutron drip line: first measurement of half-lives at FRIB". Physical Review Letters 129 (212501). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.212501. PMID 36461950. Bibcode: 2022PhRvL.129u2501C.
- ↑ "Phosphorus-32". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Phosphorus-32.
- ↑ "Phosphorus 33 (P-33)" (in en). https://www.biotrend.com/en/buy/cat-phosphorus-33-p-33-3690.html.
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