Social:And you are lynching Negroes

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Short description: Soviet catchphrase
1930 print from the Soviet Bezbozhnik u Stanka magazine showing a lynched Black American hanging from the Statue of Liberty

"And you are lynching Negroes" (Russian: "А у вас негров линчуют", A u vas negrov linchuyut; which also means "Yet, in your [country], [they] lynch Negroes") and the modern translation "And you are lynching blacks" are catchphrases that describe or satirize Soviet Union responses to United States criticisms of Soviet human rights violations.[1][2]

The Soviet media frequently covered racial discrimination, financial crises, and unemployment in the United States, which were identified as failings of the capitalist system that had been supposedly erased by state socialism.[3] Lynchings of African Americans were brought up as an embarrassing skeleton in the closet for the U.S., which the Soviets used as a form of rhetorical ammunition when reproached for their own perceived economic and social failings.[4] After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the phrase became widespread as a reference to Russian information-warfare tactics.[5] Its use subsequently became widespread in Russia to criticize any form of U.S. policy.[6]

Former Czech president and writer Václav Havel placed the phrase among "commonly canonized demagogical tricks".[7] The Economist described it as a form of whataboutism that became ubiquitous after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.[5] The book Exit from Communism by author Stephen Richards Graubard wrote that it symbolized a divorce from reality.[8]

Author Michael Dobson compared it to the idiom the pot calling the kettle black, and called the phrase a "famous example" of tu quoque reasoning.[9] The conservative magazine National Review called it "a bitter Soviet-era punch line",[10] and added "there were a million Cold War variations on the joke".[10] The Israeli newspaper Haaretz described use of the idiom as a form of Soviet propaganda.[11] The British liberal political website Open Democracy called the phrase "a prime example of whataboutism".[6] In her work Security Threats and Public Perception, Elizaveta Gaufman described the fallacy as a tool to reverse someone's argument against them.[12]

Supposedly, use of phrases like these, exemplifying the tu quoque logical fallacy,[9][13] was an attempt to deflect criticism of the Soviet Union by referring to racial discrimination and lynching in the United States.[1][14]

History

Early usage

Use of the phrase was common in the Soviet Union during the Joseph Stalin era.[15][16]

The use of the phrase as a reference to demagoguery and hypocrisy is traced to a Russian political joke about a dispute between an American and a Soviet man.[17][18]

One of such political jokes was referring to availability of a personal car for an engineer.

After receiving criticism of his country because of the deaths caused by the 1903 anti-Jewish Kishinev pogrom, the Russian Minister of the Interior Vyacheslav von Plehve pointed out "The Russian peasants were driven to frenzy. Excited by race and religious hatred, and under the influence of alcohol, they were worse than the people of the Southern States of America when they lynch negroes."[19][20][21] Soviet artist Dmitri Moor produced the lithograph Freedom to the Prisoners of Scottsboro!, after the 1931 trial of the Scottsboro Boys of Alabama.[13]

The treatment of the Scottsboro Boys popularized the phrase in usage by the Soviet Union against the U.S. as a form of criticism against those who themselves criticized human rights abuses.[13][22] In his 1934 book Russia Today: What Can We Learn from It?, Sherwood Eddy wrote: "In the most remote villages of Russia today Americans are frequently asked what they are going to do to the Scottsboro Negro boys and why they lynch Negroes."[23]

Apparently, when the Soviet Union faced harsh words from the Western world over its civil liberties problems, it employed the phrase as a common retort.[24][25]

In a 1930s argument with black student Pierre Kalmek, Bolshevik politician Dmitry Manuilsky said that in the United States "whites have the privilege to lynch Negroes, but Negroes do not have the privilege to lynch whites."[26] He called this a form of white chauvinism, asking: "Do we have a difference here between the salaries of Negro and white workers? Do we have the right to lynch Negro citizens?"[26]

During the Joseph Stalin , praise for the quality of any aspect of U.S. life prompted the rejoinder "Yes, but they lynch Blacks, don't they?"[15][16] Throughout the 1930s, white men traveling from the U.S. to the Soviet Union on business reported to the U.S. consulate in Riga, Latvia, that locals asked them about the dichotomy between living in a free society and "the 'lynching' of blacks."[26][27] The term worked its way into fiction literature books written in the country, and was seen in this context as criticism of foreigners.[28] Years later a science fiction comic, Technique - The Youth - 1948. - No. 2 titled "In a world of crazy fantasy" (Russian: "В мире бредовой фантастики") featured a poem of political attacks on the cover which included a similar line: "Every planet's Negroes are being lynched there."[29]

The phrase became a common witticism used among Soviet citizens; a parable involved a call-in program on Radio Moscow where any question about their living conditions was met with the answer: "In America, they lynch Negroes."[30] A U.S. citizen living in the Soviet Union in 1949 was arrested after complaining the government barred him from work; a local paper made fun of his expectation of fair treatment, writing of the U.S. as "the country where they lynch Negroes."[31] In 1949 Soviet author and war poet Konstantin Simonov gave a speech at a Soviet jubilee event honoring poet Alexander Pushkin, where he delineated between the Soviet Union and the Western world by simply using the phrase to refer to English-speakers: "There is no need for those who hang Negroes to commemorate Pushkin!"[32] Historian Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov wrote in his 1953 book The Reign of Stalin that Soviet media put forth the notion that U.S. citizens "are unanimous in pursuing an anti-colour policy, and that the average American spends his time lynching negroes."[33] Perpetuation of the phrase during the Soviet period engendered negative feelings towards the U.S. from members of the working class.[34][35]

Growth during the Cold War

During the Cold War, the leftist French publication Combat used the phrase to criticize the operations of the House Un-American Activities Committee, pointing out what it saw as corruption of "a nation that lynched blacks and hounded anyone accused of 'un-American' activities."[36][37] Use of the phrase as a tu quoque fallacy grew in popularity in Russia during the 1960s, and was used as a widespread quip between Russians.[9] In this version, an American and a Soviet car salesman argue which country makes better cars. Finally, the American asks: "How many decades does it take an average Soviet man to earn enough money to buy a Soviet car?" After a thoughtful pause, the Soviet replies: "And you are lynching Negroes!"[9][10][38] The phrase garnered numerous iterations during the Cold War period.[10] Its pervasiveness in Russian society reflected a strong sense of Soviet socialist patriotism.[39] When the government faced criticism for discrimination against Jews in the Soviet Union, the idiom was used with excessively sentimental tone to complain about racism in the United States.[1] It was used as an aphorism among fellow Soviets during the Mikhail Gorbachev period, as an answer to complaints about the lack of civil and political rights including freedom of movement.[40] A variant used during this time as a form of reciprocity when faced with criticism over imprisonment and treatment of Refuseniks, was to put the focus on race in the United States criminal justice system.[41] A similar phrase was used to counter complaints about Soviet transportation inefficiency.[18]

Use in Eastern Europe

Alternate versions of the phrase have been used in Eastern European satellite countries then-controlled by the Soviet Union, such, that it was ported for usage in Poland.[42][43][44] The phrase also saw usage in other languages, including Czech,[45] Hungarian,[46] and Romanian.[47]

Post-Soviet Union

Prime Minister of Russia Sergei Stepashin unsuccessfully used the phrase in a joke in a 1999 visit to the National Press Club.[48]

After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, the term had become a synecdoche in Russia, as a reference referring to all of Soviet propaganda.[5] During a trip to Washington, D.C., in 1999, then-prime minister of Russia Sergei Stepashin attempted to tell a joke using the phrase as a punchline at a speech before the National Press Club.[48] He faced a disturbing quiet from the audience in response to his attempt at humor, and he later observed those in the U.S. have difficulty understanding the Russian perspective on comedy.[48]

By 2015, the phrase had entered the common lexicon in Russia as a tool to criticize any form of U.S. policy.[6] Russians used the term between themselves so often it became a form of satire, as a ubiquitous rejoinder to all crises dealt with and low quality of life, including purchasing groceries or dealing with road congestion.[49][50][51]

Michael Bohm, a U.S. reporter working out of Moscow, became the target of the phrase after appearing on Sunday Evening With Vladimir Solovyov, which aired on the major state-run television channel Russia-1.[52] Commentator Igor Korotchenko wrote: "people like Bohm dropped atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, they lynched Negroes."[52] In a 2015 contribution to the Russian journal International Affairs, Russian Federation Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov and editor-in-chief Armen Oganesyan lamented the likelihood a Russian rejoinder to an international treaty's publication by the U.S. State Department would be viewed as a form of the "you lynch Negroes" response. Ryabkov and Oganesyan wrote that this reaction harmed the collaborative process as it was important for nation-states to disagree and enable discourse.[53]

Agency of African Americans

It has been argued that African Americans have had a more nuanced position in this issue between the two states, highlighting their agency despite being used for propaganda gains of others.[54] While repeatedly confronting the exploitation of African Americans by and for the gains of Soviet propaganda, African Americans have nevertheless been expanding on such use for the sake of the raised issue of racism and its institutionalization. That this effect of the instrumentalisation is being often lost when discussing the issue, has been criticized.[54]

Reception

Journalist George Feifer recounted in a 2009 article how when he traveled to Moscow in 1959 to cover the American National Exhibition, he faced those using the phrase against him.

Feifer believed: "Skilled propagandists stationed among the listeners regularly interrupted to repeat questions intended to discredit me. Why did America tolerate shameful poverty and lynch Negroes?"[55]

Václav Havel placed the idiom among "commonly canonized demagogical tricks".[7]

Former president of the Czech Republic and writer Václav Havel characterized the phrase among "commonly canonized demagogical tricks."[7]

In a January 2008 article, The Economist popularized the term whataboutism for the repeated usage of this rhetorical tactic by the Soviet Union. The magazine wrote, that the tactic became overused, and by the time of the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, it had become a figure of speech referring to the entirety of Soviet propaganda.[5]

The 1993 book Exit from Communism, edited by Stephen Richards Graubard, made a similar point, that the term encapsulated an overall divorce from reality: "Perhaps there are and perhaps there are not prison camps in Siberia, perhaps in the United States they do or perhaps they do not lynch blacks ... Ultimately it does not matter whether we are for real or just pretending: it is all just part of the story."[8]

With the election of Barack Obama as U.S. president in late 2008, The New York Times reported that the tactic could see decreased usage: "In Russia, for example, where Soviet leaders used to respond to any American criticism of human rights violations with 'But you hang Negroes,' analysts note that the election of Mr. Obama removes a stain."[56][57]

In 2011, author Michael Dobson wrote that the phrase was a form of the pot calling the kettle black, and a "famous example" of the tu quoque fallacy derived from a "famous 1960s era Russian joke."[9]

During the Ferguson unrest in 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri, after a white policeman who shot and killed an unarmed black adolescent was not indicted, state-controlled press coverage in Russia was highly critical of racism in the United States. Writing for The Moscow Times, journalist Allison Quinn posited, that coverage of the protests in Ferguson served as an optimal method to distract media from the Ukrainian crisis. Quinn said, "American racism provided a go-to argument of American hypocrisy for years under the Soviet Union, with phrases like 'Well, you lynch negroes' hurled back at the U.S. in response to any allegations of human rights violations in the Soviet Union." She compared the Ferguson unrest coverage by Russia state-controlled media to prior use of this phrase as a form of Soviet propaganda.[3]

Writing for American Thinker in February 2014, Kim Zigfeld referenced the phrase in discussing a Soviet tactic of denigrating their detractors.[58]

Writing in March 2014 for the American liberal magazine The New Republic during the Ukrainian crisis, Julia Ioffe made a similar comparison as Quinn regarding Soviet versus the 2014 use of the technique. Ioffe wrote that the phrase took the form of a "cartoonish reply", and had been extended after the fall of Soviet Russia to a similar strategy used by Vladimir Putin.[2]

In a 2015 article for the conservative magazine National Review, correspondent Kevin D. Williamson called the phrase "a bitter Soviet-era punch line." Williamson pointed out: "There were a million Cold War variations on the joke".[10]

Reporter David Volodzko wrote for the international news magazine The Diplomat in 2015 about "the famous tu quoque argument". The piece said that the term was used as a way to criticize capitalism as practiced in the Western world.[13]

Writing for the British liberal political website Open Democracy in 2015, journalist Maxim Edwards observed: "The phrase 'and you are lynching Negroes' has entered Russian speech as a prime example of whataboutism, a hypothetical response to any American criticism of Soviet policies."[6]

In her 2016 work Security Threats and Public Perception published in October 2016, Elizaveta Gaufman characterized the phrase as a form of reversing someone's line of reasoning against them. Gaufman wrote, that by using this phrase in an argument, one was tacitly refusing to answer queries posted to them and instead responding with condemnations.[12]

Journalist Catherine Putz commented on the phrase in a July 2016 article for the international news magazine The Diplomat, and compared it to use of whataboutism by businessman and politician Donald Trump: "Criticisms of human rights in the Soviet Union were often met with what became a common catchphrase: 'And you are lynching Negroes'." She criticized the folly of its use:[59]

Donald Trump

Further information: Social:Russia and Black Lives Matter

Writing for ChinaFile after Trump won the 2016 U.S. election, James Palmer feared an increase in racism "would give a brutal new credibility to the old Soviet whataboutism whenever they were challenged on the gulag: 'But in America, you lynch Negroes'."[60]

Writing in July 2016 for the liberal Israeli newspaper Haaretz, Israeli journalist Chemi Shalev made a similar comparison: "Trump told [T]he New York Times this week that America is in such a mess in terms of civil liberties that it cannot lecture foreign countries anymore, which is an echo of old Soviet propaganda that responded to American reprimands with the retort 'And you are lynching Negroes'."[11]

Shalev followed up on this analysis in a September 2016 article, writing: "Trump conducts pro-Russian propaganda along the same lines as the old retort 'And You Hang Blacks' with which the Soviets tried to deflect U.S. criticism of their human rights abuses. He isn't troubled by Putin's political opponents being murdered, because 'people get killed here too'."[61]

Variants

Similar phrases are used in the languages of Eastern Europe, in different variants.

  • Czech: A vy zase bijete černochy! ("And, in turn, you beat up blacks!")[45]
  • Hungarian: Amerikában (pedig) verik a négereket ("And in America, they beat up Negroes")[46]
  • Polish: A u was Murzynów biją! ("And at your place, they beat up Negroes!")[44]
  • Romanian: Da, dar voi linșați negrii! ("Yes, but you are lynching Negroes!")[47]
  • Bulgarian: Да, а вие биете негрите! ("Yes, but you are beating up Negroes!")

See also


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lucas, Edward (2009). The New Cold War: How the Kremlin Menaces Both Russia and the West. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 307. ISBN 978-0-7475-9578-6. https://archive.org/details/newcoldwarhowkre0000luca/page/307. "Castigated for the plight of Soviet Jews, they would complain with treacly sincerity about discrimination against American Blacks. (footnote: the accusation 'and you are lynching negroes' became a catchphrase epitomizing Soviet propaganda based on this principle.)" 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ioffe, Julia (2 March 2014), "Kremlin TV Loves Anti-War Protests—Unless Russia Is the One Waging War - Studies in 'whataboutism'", The New Republic, https://newrepublic.com/article/116816/whataboutism-russia-protests-against-war-ukraine, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Quinn, Allison (27 November 2014), "Soviet Propaganda Back in Play With Ferguson Coverage", The Moscow Times, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/soviet-propaganda-back-in-play-with-ferguson-coverage/511975.html, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  4. ↑ Ciment, James; Hill, Kenneth (1999), "Czechoslovakia: Soviet Invasion, 1968", Encyclopedia of Conflicts since World War II, Routledge, pp. 533–535, ISBN 978-1-57958-181-7 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Europe.view - Whataboutism - Come again, Comrade?", The Economist, 31 January 2008, http://www.economist.com/node/10598774, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Edwards, Maxim (13 May 2015), "Book review: Hamid Ismailov 'The Underground'", Open Democracy, https://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/maxim-edwards/book-review-hamid-ismailov%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%98-underground%E2%80%99 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Havel, Václav (March 1980), "On Dialectical Metaphysics", Modern Drama 23 (1): 6–12, doi:10.3138/md.23.1.6, "the stabilization of certain commonly canonized demagogical tricks (A: Your subway does not operate according to the timetable; B: Well, in your country you lynch Blacks)" 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Graubard, Stephen Richards, ed. (1993), "Ashes, Ashes ... Central Europe after Forty Years", Exit from Communism, Transaction Publishers, pp. 202–204, ISBN 978-1-4128-2318-0 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Dobson, Michael (7 June 2011), "Ad hominem tu quoque", Pot, Meet Kettle (Fallacies, Part 3), The Sideways Institute, http://sidewiseinsights.blogspot.ca/2011/06/pot-meet-kettle-fallacies-part-3.html, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Williamson, Kevin D. (8 February 2015), "The Brute-Force Left", National Review, http://www.nationalreview.com/article/398133/brute-force-left-kevin-d-williamson, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Shalev, Chemi (22 July 2016), "Israel's Right and GOP Convention Share a Penchant for Incitement and Delusion", Haaretz, http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/u-s-election-2016/1.732715, retrieved 17 December 2016, "Trump told the New York Times this week that America is in such a mess in terms in terms of civil liberties that it cannot lecture foreign countries any more, which is an echo of old Soviet propaganda that responded to American reprimands with the retort 'And you are lynching Negroes'." 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Gaufman, Elizaveta (28 October 2016), "The USA as the Primary Threat to Russia", Security Threats and Public Perception: Digital Russia and the Ukraine Crisis, New Security Challenges (Springer International Publishing): 77–102, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43201-4_4, ISBN 978-3-319-43201-4, "This quotation is a typical example of flipping the argument, failing to answer charges with accusations akin to the aforementioned joke: 'and you lynch Negroes in your country'." 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Volodzko, David (May 12, 2015), "The History Behind China's Response to the Baltimore Riots", The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2015/05/the-history-behind-chinas-response-to-the-baltimore-riots/, retrieved 17 December 2016, "Soon Americans[,] who criticized the Soviet Union for its human rights violations[,] were answered with the famous tu quoque argument: 'A u vas negrov linchuyut' (and you are lynching Negroes)." 
  14. ↑ Zuckert, Carol (August 2000), "Mila Vasser Anderson", Southwest Jewish Archives (University of Arizona), http://swja.arizona.edu/content/mila-vasser-anderson 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Komulainen, Tuomas; Korhonen, Iikka (2000), Russian Crisis and Its Effects, Helsinki University Press, p. 92, ISBN 978-951-45-9100-6, "in Stalin's USSR any positive example of American life was proudly met with the retort 'Yes, but they lynch Blacks, don't they?'" 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Mau, Vladimir Aleksandrovich (2000), Russian Economic Reforms as Seen by an Insider: Success Or Failure?, Royal Institute of International Affairs, p. 1, ISBN 978-1-86203-108-1 
  17. ↑ Стреляный, Анатолий (2001-03-28). "Ваши письма" (in ru). Radio Liberty. http://www.svoboda.org/programs/RYTT/2001/RYTT.080301.asp. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Beckmann, Petr (1980), Hammer and Tickle: Clandestine Laughter in the Soviet Empire, Boulder, Colorado: The Golem Press, pp. 70–72, ISBN 978-0-911762-20-4, "'But we've been standing here for twenty minutes now,' says the American, 'and there hasn't been a train on either track.' 'Yes, but you in America, you beat the negroes!'" 
  19. ↑ "The Kishineff Murders and Lynching". The Independent LV (2846): p. 1476. 1903-06-18. https://books.google.com/books?id=yuHhAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1476. 
  20. ↑ Lindemann, Albert S. (2000), Esau's Tears, Modern Anti-Semitism and the Rise of the Jews, Cambridge University Press, p. 378, ISBN 978-0-521-79538-8 
  21. ↑ Lindemann, Albert S. (1991), The Jew Accused: Three Anti-Semitic Affairs (Dreyfus, Beilis, Frank) 1894–1915, Cambridge University Press, p. 219, ISBN 978-0-521-44761-4, https://archive.org/details/jewaccusedthreea0000lind/page/219 
  22. ↑ Spires, Robert C. (1996), Post-totalitarian Spanish Fiction, University of Missouri Press, p. 62, ISBN 978-0-8262-1071-5, https://archive.org/details/posttotalitarian00spir/page/62 
  23. ↑ Eddy, Sherwood (1934), Russia Today: What Can We Learn from It?, New York: Farrar & Rinehar, pp. 73, 151, OCLC 1617454 
  24. ↑ "Sanctions against Putin? Sounds like a good old Soviet joke", Pravda Report, 3 October 2016, http://www.pravdareport.com/russia/politics/10-03-2016/133777-sanctions_putin-0/, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  25. ↑ Ponsford, Dominic (22 October 2007), "Why the Russians like being gagged", Press Gazette, ISSN 0041-5170, http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/why-the-russians-like-being-gagged/, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Roman, Meredith L. (2012), Opposing Jim Crow: African Americans and the Soviet Indictment of U.S. Racism, 1928–1937, Justice and Social Inquiry, University of Nebraska Press, pp. 121, 183–184, ISBN 978-0-8032-1552-8 
  27. ↑ Roman, Meredith L. (2013), "U.S. Lynch Law and the Fate of the Soviet Union: The Soviet Uses of American Racial Violence", in Carrigan, William D.; Waldrep, Christopher, Swift to Wrath: Lynching in Global Historical Perspective, University of Virginia Press, pp. 215–236, ISBN 978-0-8139-3414-3 
  28. ↑ Dunham, Vera Sandomirsky (1990), In Stalin's Time: Middleclass Values in Soviet Fiction, Studies of the Harriman Institute, Duke University Press, pp. 122–124, ISBN 978-0-8223-1085-3 
  29. ↑ "В МИРЕ БРЕДОВОЙ ФАНТАСТИКИ" (in ru). http://www.fandom.ru/about_fan/sf_16.htm. 
  30. ↑ Klinkner, Philip A.; Smith, Rogers M. (1999), The Unsteady March: The Rise and Decline of Racial Equality in America, University of Chicago Press, p. 386, ISBN 978-0-226-44339-3, https://archive.org/details/unsteadymarchris00klin/page/386 
  31. ↑ Patenaude, Bertrand M. (2002), The Big Show in Bololand: The American Relief Expedition to Soviet Russia in the Famine of 1921, Stanford University Press, p. 409, ISBN 978-0-8047-4493-5 
  32. ↑ Voronina, Olga (2011), "'The Sun of World Poetry"' Pushkin As a Cold War Writer", The Pushkin Review 14: 63–95, doi:10.1353/pnr.2011.0000, http://www.pushkiniana.org/index.php/14-articles/224-voronina-article14#_ftnref10, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  33. ↑ Avtorkhanov, Abdurakhman, The Reign of Stalin, London: Bodley Head, pp. 193–195, OCLC 557567661 
  34. ↑ Brook, Sofia (4 November 2005), "First Rule: No Blacks!", The eXile, http://www.exile.ru/articles/detail.php?ARTICLE_ID=7942&IBLOCK_ID=35, retrieved 17 December 2016, "During Soviet times, the Soviet working class hated America because everybody knew 'tam linchuiut negrov' (they lynch blacks over there)." 
  35. ↑ Mau, V. (2001), "The Russian Economic Reforms Through the Eyes of Western Critics", Russian Social Science Review 42 (6): 31–59, doi:10.2753/RSS1061-1428420631, "This was the same in the Stalinist Soviet Union, when, in response to any story of a rise in the well-being of the Americans, the vigilant Soviet worker was supposed to utter something proudly along the lines of 'But on the other hand, you lynch blacks there!'" 
  36. ↑ Berghahn, Volker R. (2002), America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe, Princeton University Press, p. 136, ISBN 978-0-691-10256-6 
  37. ↑ Kuisel, Richard F. (1993), Seducing the French: The Dilemma of Americanization, University of California Press, p. 28, ISBN 978-0-520-07962-5, https://archive.org/details/seducingfrenchdi00kuis/page/28 
  38. ↑ Shturman, Dora; Tiktin, Sergei (1985) (in ru), "Sovetskii Soiuz v zerkale politicheskogo anekdota" (Soviet Union in the Mirror of the Political Joke), Overseas Publications Interchange Ltd., p. 58, ISBN 978-0-903868-62-4, https://books.google.com/books?id=i9dKAAAAMAAJ&q=%22%D1%83+%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D1%83%D1%8E%D1%82%22, retrieved 2019-01-28 
  39. ↑ Smith, Gordon B. (1992), Soviet Politics: Struggling with Change, Macmillan, p. 90, ISBN 978-0-333-53576-9 
  40. ↑ Raleigh, Donald J. (2006), Russia's Sputnik Generation, Indiana-Michigan Series in Russian and East European Studies, Indiana University Press, p. 247, ISBN 978-0-253-21842-1 
  41. ↑ Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan (30 August 2016), "Moscow's Synchronized Themes and Techniques", SFPPR News & Analysis, http://sfppr.org/2016/08/moscows-synchronized-themes-and-techniques/, retrieved 18 December 2016, "you beat up Negroes!" 
  42. ↑ "Annus Albaruthenicus = Hod Belaruski", Annus Albaruthenicus : Poetica, Prosa, Critica, Translatio, Descriptio = Hod Belaruski (Krynki, Poland: Villa Sokrates): 138, 2005, ISSN 1640-3320, OCLC 52382844, "And they beat up Blacks at your country!" 
  43. ↑ The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, 16, PISM, 2007, p. 90, ISSN 1230-4999, OCLC 679958426 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Śmigielski, Zbysław (2007-03-06). "Gdzie Murzynów biją albo racjonalizm na cenzurowanym" (in pl). http://www.racjonalista.pl/kk.php/s,5397. "And at your place, they beat up Negroes!" 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Petráček, Zbyněk (2008-03-14). "Nepoučitelný Topolánek" (in cs). Lidové noviny. http://www.lidovky.cz/nepoucitelny-topolanek-0sy-/ln_nazory.asp?c=A080314_074502_ln_nazory_nev. "And, in turn, you beat up blacks!" 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 "A pragmatikus szocializmus évtizedei" (in hu). Hungarian Electronic Library. http://www.elib.hu/02100/02185/html/45.html. "And in America, they beat up Negroes" 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 Cazimir, Ștefan (2002). "Acordul de la Peleș" (in ro). România Literară. http://www.romlit.ro/acordul_de_la_pele. "Yes, but you are lynching Negroes!" 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 "Premier Laughs Alone in U.S.", The Moscow Times, 30 July 1999, http://old.themoscowtimes.com/sitemap/free/1999/7/article/premier-laughs-alone-in-us/274307.html, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  49. ↑ Maynes, Charles (12 July 2016), "Police Shootings: As US Grieves, Russian Media Gloats", VOA News, http://www.voanews.com/a/russia-us-shootings/3415248.html, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  50. ↑ Tsvetkov, Ivan (4 September 2014), "Russian whataboutism vs. U.S. moralism: Is attack the best form of defense?", Russia Beyond the Headlines (Russia), https://rbth.com/opinion/2014/09/04/russian_whataboutism_vs_us_moralism_is_attack_the_best_form_of_defens_39387.html, retrieved 17 December 2016, "Even in the USSR, people poked fun at the efforts of propagandists, joking that in response to a question from Washington about poor living conditions in Russia, Moscow's reply would be: 'But you lynch blacks.'" 
  51. ↑ Adams, Bruce (2007), Tiny Revolutions in Russia: Twentieth Century Soviet and Russian History in Anecdotes and Jokes, Routledge, p. 71, ISBN 978-0-415-44407-1 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 "Russia's TV talk shows smooth Putin's way from crisis to crisis", The Washington Post, 12 December 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/russia-television-talk-shows-smooth-putins-way-from-crisis-to-crisis/2015/12/12/a151fa5a-6c4b-11e5-91eb-27ad15c2b723_story.html 
  53. ↑ Ryabkov, Sergei; Oganesyan, Armen (2015), "We Are Relevant, Influential and Respected", International Affairs: A Russian Journal of World Politics, Diplomacy and International Relations (2): 57–72, http://eastviewpress.com/Files/IA_FROM%20THE%20CURRENT%20ISSUE_No.%204%202015.pdf, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 Emily Couch (2020-02-18). "Why We Should Stop Portraying African Americans as Victims in the Soviet Propaganda Game". The Wilson Center & Kennan Institute. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/why-we-should-stop-portraying-african-americans-victims-soviet-propaganda-game. 
  55. ↑ Feifer, George (23 July 2009), "While Khrushchev And Nixon Debated, A Dialogue Was Born", Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, http://www.rferl.org/a/While_Khrushchev_And_Nixon_Debated_A_Dialogue_Was_Born_/1783945.html, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  56. ↑ Bronner, Ethan (5 November 2008), "For Many Abroad, an Ideal Renewed", The New York Times: p. A1, https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/05/us/politics/05global.html, retrieved 17 December 2016, "In Russia, for example, where Soviet leaders used to respond to any American criticism of human rights violations with 'But you hang Negroes,' analysts note that the election of Mr. Obama removes a stain. But they speak of it without reference to their own treatment of ethnic minorities." 
  57. ↑ McPhee, John; Rigolot, Carol, eds. (2010), The Princeton Reader: Contemporary Essays by Writers and Journalists at Princeton University, Princeton University Press, p. 261, ISBN 978-0-691-14308-8 
  58. ↑ Zigfeld, Kim (3 February 2014), "Dishonor at Sochi", American Thinker, http://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2014/02/dishonor_at_sochi.html, retrieved 17 December 2016, "There was a joke in Soviet times about an American in Moscow who complained vociferously to his hotel desk clerk about a long litany of appalling 'services' with which he had been victimized. The clerk's response: 'Yes, but you lynch blacks.'" 
  59. ↑ Putz, Catherine (22 July 2016), "Donald Trump's Whataboutism", The Diplomat, https://thediplomat.com/2016/07/donald-trumps-whataboutism/, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  60. ↑ Palmer, James (9 November 2016), "China Just Won The U.S. Election", ChinaFile, http://www.chinafile.com/viewpoint/china-just-won-us-election, retrieved 17 December 2016 
  61. ↑ Shalev, Chemi (30 September 2016), "Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Trump", Haaretz, http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/u-s-election-2016/1.745198, retrieved 17 December 2016 

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