Social:European Conservatives and Reformists Party

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Short description: Right-wing to far-right European political party

AbbreviationTemplate:EUPP data
ECR
PresidentMateusz Morawiecki (PL)
Secretary-GeneralAntonio Giordano (IT)
Founded1 October 2009; 16 years ago (2009-10-01)
Split fromEuropean People's Party
Union for Europe of the Nations
Preceded byMovement for European Reform[1]
HeadquartersRue du Trône 4,
1000 Brussels, Belgium
Think tankNew Direction
Youth wingEuropean Young Conservatives
Membership (Template:EUPP data)Template:EUPP data
Ideology
Political positionRight-wing[13] to far-right[17]
International affiliationInternational Democracy Union
European Parliament groupEuropean Conservatives and Reformists Group
Colours     Blue
European ParliamentTemplate:EUPP data
European CommissionTemplate:EUPP data
European CouncilTemplate:EUPP data
European
Lower Houses		Template:EUPP data
European
Upper Houses		Template:EUPP data
Website
Template:EUPP data
^ A: The party has historically also been described as centre-right. However, following the global rise of radical right politics after 2019, the inclusion of new far-right parties led analysts to discontinue this classification.[18]

The European Conservatives and Reformists Party (ECR Party or simply ECR), formerly known as Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists (AECR, 2009–2016) and Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe (ACRE, 2016–2019), is a conservative,[19] soft Eurosceptic[20] European political party with a main focus on reforming the European Union (EU) on the basis of Eurorealism,[21] as opposed to total rejection of the EU (anti-EU-ism).[22][23]

The political movement was founded on 1 October 2009,[24] after the creation of the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) political group of the European Parliament. It was officially recognised by the European Parliament in January 2010.

ECR Party is governed by a board of directors who are elected by the council, which represents all ECR member parties.[25] The executive board is composed of the President Mateusz Morawiecki (Polish member of the Parliament and former Prime Minister of Poland), Vicepresidents Carlo Fidanza (Italian MEP), Marion Maréchal (French MEP) and George Simion (Romanian member of the Parliament), and Secretary General Antonio Giordano (Italian member of the Parliament).[26]

The party is affiliated with the European Conservatives and Reformists Group in the European Parliament, the pan-European think tank New Direction – The Foundation for European Reform, and the youth organisation the European Young Conservatives. It is also formally associated with the European Conservatives and Reformists Group in the Committee of the Regions, in the Congress of the Council of Europe, and in the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.[27] In the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the ECR Party forms the European Conservatives, Patriots & Affiliates with the Patriots.eu party.

History

Foundation

The European Conservatives and Reformists Party was founded as the Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists on 1 October 2009, after the ECR political group was founded in the wake of the 2009 European Parliament election, and was officially recognised by the European Parliament in January 2010. Amongst ACRE's eight founding members, the largest were the UK Conservative Party, the Polish PiS and the Czech ODS.

ECR Party was formally constituted under the chairmanship of Belgian MEP Derk Jan Eppink, who was succeeded by Czech MEP Jan Zahradil. ACRE's first congress took place in Warsaw on 8 June 2010, attended by its founding members, including UK Conservative Party Chairman and Czech Prime Minister Mirek Topolanek. On 25 March 2011, the Civic Conservative Party from Slovakia joined; Iceland's Independence Party in November 2011 (the party's first member from outside the European Union); Georgia's Christian-Democratic Movement in August 2012; Italy's Conservatives and Social Reformers in October 2012; the Conservative Party of Canada became the ACRE's first associate member (later renamed 'regional partners') in November 2012; Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party in November 2013; and the Faroe Islands' People's Party, and Romania's New Republic; and in July 2014, Prosperous Armenia.[28] The Conservative Party of Georgia and New Majority joined on 1 November 2014. At the same time, the ACRE formally affiliated to the European Conservatives Group in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.[29] In November 2015, the Conservatives and Reformists of Italy were admitted as ECR Party members,[30] followed by the Alliance for Progress and Renewal (ALFA) of Germany and M10 party of Romania in March 2016.[31] The Liberal Party of Australia, Istiqlal Party of Morocco, National Party of New Zealand, and Republican Party of the United States joined as further regional partners in 2014, followed by Afek Tounes and Likud Movement in 2015 and 2016.

The Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists officially changed its name to the Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists in Europe (ACRE) on 6 October 2016.[32] In December 2018, ACRE was ordered to repay more than half a million euros of EU funds, following an investigation into their spending. This included €250,000 for a three-day conference in Miami and €90,000 for a trade meeting in Kampala. ACRE had previously been asked to return €121,000 given to the Prosperous Armenia party.[33]

More recently, the ECR has seen a shift further towards the conservative right with the acceptance of the Brothers of Italy, Forum for Democracy, Vox, and the Sweden Democrats as members in 2019.[34][35] On 11 April 2023, the Finns Party joined as the most recent member of the ECR's European Parliament group.[36]

Leadership

The ECR Party has had three Presidents:

No. Image Name Tenure Party Member state
1
Debate of lead candidates for the European Commission presidency (32917075397).jpg
 Jan Zahradil
(born 1963) 		2009–2020 Civic Democratic Party  Czech Republic
2 80px Giorgia Meloni
(born 1977) 		2020–2025 Brothers of Italy  Italy
3 80px Mateusz Morawiecki
(born 1968) 		2025–present Law and Justice  Poland

Membership

Full members

Country Party name Abbr. Legislature lower house seats Legislature upper house Seats Status
 Bulgaria There is Such a People
Има такъв народ
Ima takav narod 		ITN
0 / 240
 Extra-parliamentary
IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement
ВМРО – Българско Национално Движение
VMRO – Balgarsko Natsionalno Dvizhenie 		VMRO
0 / 240
 Extra-parliamentary
 Cyprus National Popular Front
Εθνικό Λαϊκό Μέτωπο 		ELAM
3 / 56
 Opposition
 Croatia Croatian Sovereignists
Hrvatski suverenisti 		HS
1 / 151
 Opposition
Home and National Rally
Dom i nacionalno okupljanje 		DOMiNO
3 / 151
 Opposition
The Bridge
Most 		Most
7 / 151
 Opposition
 Czech Republic Civic Democratic Party
Občanská demokratická strana 		ODS
34 / 200
23 / 81
 Opposition
 Denmark Denmark Democrats

Danmarksdemokraterne

DD
10 / 179
 Opposition
 France Identity–Liberties
Identité-Libertés 		IDL
3 / 577
0 / 348
 Opposition
 Germany We Citizens
Wir Bürger 		WB
0 / 735
0 / 69
 Extra-parliamentary
 Italy Brothers of Italy
Fratelli d'Italia 		FdI
118 / 400
66 / 200
 Government
 Latvia National Alliance
Nacionālā apvienība 		NA
13 / 100
 Opposition
 Lithuania Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union
Lietuvos valstiečių ir žaliųjų sąjunga 		LVŽS
8 / 141
 Government
Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania – Christian Families Alliance
Lietuvos lenkų rinkimų akcija – Krikščioniškų šeimų sąjunga 		LLRA–KŠS
3 / 141
 Government
 Luxembourg Alternative Democratic Reform Party
Alternativ Demokratesch Reformpartei
Parti réformiste d'alternative démocratique
Alternative Demokratische Reformpartei 		ADR
5 / 60
 Opposition
 Poland Law and Justice
Prawo i Sprawiedliwość 		PiS
190 / 460
34 / 100
 Opposition
 Romania Alliance for the Union of Romanians
Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor 		AUR
63 / 331
28 / 134
 Opposition
The Right Alternative
Alternativa Dreaptă 		AD
3 / 330
1 / 136
 Opposition
 Slovakia Freedom and Solidarity
Sloboda a Solidarita 		SaS
19 / 150
 Opposition
 Sweden Sweden Democrats
Sverigedemokraterna 		Template:Party abbr
73 / 349
 Confidence and supply

Global partners

Country Party name Abbr. Legislature lower house seats Legislature upper house Seats Status
 Albania Republican Party of Albania PR
2 / 140
 Opposition
 Belarus BPF Party BPF
0 / 110
0 / 64
 Banned
 Israel Likud – National Liberal Movement Likud
32 / 120
 Government
 San Marino Domani Motus Liberi DML
5 / 60
 Opposition
 United States Republican Party GOP
220 / 435
53 / 100
 Government

Former members

File:European Conservatives and Reformists Party members map.svg
ECR Party member parties in 2019. Composed of members from 29 European nations (shown in dark blue) and regional partners from 10 non-European nations (shown in light blue).
  •  Armenia: Prosperous Armenia (until 2022)
  •  Azerbaijan: Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party (until 2022)
  •  Belgium: Libertarian, Direct, Democratic (2010–14)
  •  Bulgaria: Order, Law and Justice (c. 2009)
  •  Bulgaria: Reload Bulgaria (until 2019)
  •  Croatia: Croatian Conservative Party (until 2021, dissolved)
  •  Faroe Islands: People's Party (until 2022)
  •  Finland: Blue Reform (until 2022)
  •  France: France Arise (2019–20)
  •  Georgia: Conservative Party of Georgia (2014–22)
  •  Hungary: Hungarian Democratic Forum (2009–11)
  •  Iceland: Independence Party (2011–2021)
  •  Italy: Conservatives and Social Reformers (2012–14)
  •  Italy: Conservatives and Reformists (2015–2017)
  •  Italy: Direction Italy (2017–2022; merged into fellow ECR member Brothers of Italy in 2019)
  •  Kosovo: Democratic Party of Kosovo (until 2022)
  •  Latvia: For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK (2009–11; merged in 2011 into National Alliance, which became a member in 2014)
  •  Moldova: Șor Party (2018–22)
  •  Morocco: Istiqlal Party (2014–18)
  •  Montenegro: Movement for Changes (until 2022)
  •  Netherlands: Forum for Democracy (until 2020)
  •  Netherlands: JA21 (until 2023)
  •  Northern Cyprus: National Unity Party (until 2022)
  •  Poland: Poland Comes First (2010–13; dissolved)
  •  Romania: New Republic (2013–18)
  •  Slovakia: Civic Conservative Party (2009–22)
  •  Slovakia: New Majority (until 2021)
  •  Spain: Vox (2019–2024)
  •  Turkey: Justice and Development Party (2013–18)
  •  United Kingdom: Conservative Party (2009–21)

Former regional partners

  •  Australia: Liberal Party (until 2022)
  •  Canada: Conservative Party (until 2022)
  •  Colombia: Democratic Centre (until 2022)
  •  Kenya: Jubilee Party (until 2022)
  •  Maldives: Progressive Party of Maldives (until 2022)
  •  New Zealand: National Party (until 2022)
  •  North Macedonia: VMRO – People's Party (until 2025)
  •  Serbia: Enough is Enough (until 2025)
  •  Tanzania: Chadema (until 2022)
  •  Tunisia: Afek Tounes (until 2019)
  •  United Kingdom (Northern Ireland): Ulster Unionist Party (until 2025)

Individual members

The ECR also includes a number of individual members, although, as most other European parties, it has not sought to develop mass individual membership.[37]

Below is the evolution of individual membership of the ECR since 2019.[38] {{#chart:Individual members of European political parties.Line.chart |arg:cols=year,ECR }}

Funding

As a registered European political party, the ECR is entitled to European public funding, which it has received continuously since its first application in 2010.[39]

Below is the evolution of European public funding received by the ECR. {{#chart:Evolution_of_public_funding_of_European_political_parties.Line.chart |arg:where=party |arg:eq=ECR |arg:cols=year,maximum_allocated,amount_received }}

In line with the Regulation on European political parties and European political foundations, the ECR also raises private funds to co-finance its activities. As of 2025, European parties must raise at least 10% of their reimbursable expenditure from private sources, while the rest can be covered using European public funding.[lower-alpha 1]

Below is the evolution of contributions and donations received by the ECR.[40][41] {{#chart:Contributions raised by European political parties.Line.chart |arg:cols=year,ECR |arg:where=year |arg:gte=2010 }} {{#chart:Donations raised by European political parties.Line.chart |arg:cols=year,ECR |arg:where=year |arg:gte=2010 }}

Elected representatives of member parties

European institutions

Organisation Institution Number of seats
 European Union European Parliament Template:EUPP data
European Commission Template:EUPP data
European Council
(Heads of Government)		 Template:EUPP data
Council of the European Union
(Participation in Government)
Committee of the Regions Template:EUPP data
Template:Country data Council of Europe (as part of ) Parliamentary Assembly
/  (Expression error: Unexpected / operator.%)
<div style="background-color: Template:EUPP data; width: Expression error: Unexpected / operator.%; height: 100%;">

European Council

Member State Title Representative Political party Member of the Council since Portrait
Italy Italy Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni FdI 2022 100px

European Commission

Member State Portfolio European Commissioner Political party Portrait
Italy Italy Executive Vice-President for Cohesion and Reforms Raffaele Fitto FdI 100px

ECR affiliate groupings

The ACRE is formally affiliated to groupings in the European Parliament and the Committee of the Regions of the European Union, the Congress of the Council of Europe and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly.

European Parliament

The ECR group is the sixth-largest group in the European Parliament. Founded in 2009, the ECR brings together 64 MEPs from 15 countries.[42] The ECR currently is led by two co-chairmen, Ryszard Legutko of the Polish Law and Justice party and Nicola Procaccini of the Brothers of Italy party.[43]

European Commission

In the current European Commission, the ECR has one Commissioner.

Portfolio Commissioner State Political party Photo
Vice-President;
European Commissioner for Cohesion Policy, Regional Development, and Cities 		Raffaele Fitto
 Italy
 FdI 100px

European Council

Of the 27 heads of state and government that are members of the European Council, one is from the ECR.

Member State Representative Title Political party Member of the Council since Photo
 Italy Giorgia Meloni Prime Minister FdI 2022 100px

In third countries

Through its global partners, the ECR has two heads of state or government in non-EU countries.

Member State Representative Title Political party In power since Photo
 Israel Benjamin Netanyahu File:Flag of the Prime Minister of Israel.svg Prime Minister Likud 2022 100px
 United States Donald Trump President Republican Party 2025 100px

Committee of the Regions

Following the creation of the ECR Group in the European Parliament in 2009, and the creation of the ACRE in 2010, the ECR Group in the Committee of the Regions was formed on 10 April 2013 under the leadership of Gordon Keymer CBE and with the support of the ACRE. The Group was officially announced during the 11–12 April 100th Committee of the Regions plenary session.

The ECR Group was the first Group to be formed in the Committee of the Regions during the course of a mandate and was the first ECR Group to be formed outside of the European Parliament.

The President of the Group is Cllr. Gordon Keymer CBE (Leader of Tandridge District Council) and the vice-presidents are Dan Jiránek (Mayor of Kladno) and Daiva Matonienė (Deputy Mayor of Šiauliai City Council). Adam Banaszak (Member of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie regional assembly), Cllr. Kay Twitchen OBE (Member of Essex County Council) and Cllr. Judith Pearce (Deputy Leader of Wychavon District Council and executive board member for Planning, Infrastructure and Housing).

Country Party name Members Other affiliations
Full Affiliate European party EU Parliament International
 Czech Republic Civic Democratic Party 3 1 ACRE ECR IDU
 Denmark Danish People's Party 0 2 MELD ECR None
 Finland Finns Party 1 1 ACRE ECR None
 Lithuania Independent 1 3 None None None
 Netherlands Christian Union 1 1 ECPM ECR None
 Poland Law and Justice 1 4 ACRE ECR None
 Slovakia Independent politician 1 0 None None None
 United Kingdom Conservative Party 7 8 ACRE None IDU

Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe

The European Conservatives Group in the European Parliament, founded in 1970 and existing for most of its history as the 'European Democrat Group' became officially affiliated to the ACRE on 29 September 2014. The EC group is led by Samad Seyidov MP, of the New Azerbaijan Party.

As of 23 October 2014, the European Conservatives have the following members:[44]

Country Party name Members Other affiliations
European party EU Parliament International
 Armenia Prosperous Armenia 2 ACRE N/A None
 Armenia Republican Party of Armenia [A] 1 None N/A None
 Azerbaijan New Azerbaijan Party 4 None N/A None
 Azerbaijan Independent 1 None N/A None
 Czech Republic Civic Democratic Party 2 ACRE ECR IDU
 Denmark Danish People's Party 1 None ECR None
 Greece Independent Greeks 1 None ECR None
 Norway Progress Party 2 None N/A None
 Poland Law and Justice 7 ECRP ECR None
 Poland United Poland 1 MELD No MEPs None
 Turkey Justice and Development Party [B] 13 ACRE N/A None
 Turkey Nationalist Movement Party[C] 1 None N/A None
 Ukraine Party of Regions [D] 4 None N/A None
 Ukraine Sovereign European Ukraine 1 None N/A None
 Ukraine Independent 1 None N/A None
 United Kingdom Conservative Party 17 ACRE N/A IDU
^A One of the three members of the Republican Party of Armenia sit with the EC Group. The other two members sit with the European People's Party.
^B Eleven of the thirteen members of the Justice and Development Party sit with the EC Group. One sits with the European People's Party and one sits with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.
^C One of the two members of the Nationalist Movement Party sits with the EC Group. The other member sits with the Socialist Group.
^D Four of the seven members of Party of Regions sit with the EC Group. Two sit with the Socialist Group and one sits with the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe.

Congress of the Council of Europe

The ECR group in the Congress of the Council of Europe brings together representatives in local government from across Europe. It has 31 members, 26 of whom represent parties in the ECRP.

Country Party name Members Other affiliations
European party EU Parliament International
 Armenia Prosperous Armenia 1 ACRE N/A None
 Czech Republic Civic Democratic Party 3 ACRE ECR IDU
 Czech Republic Independent 2 None N/A None
 Denmark Danish People's Party 1 None ECR None
 Norway Progress Party 2 None N/A None
 Poland Law and Justice 1 ACRE ECR None
 Poland Independent 1 None N/A None
 Turkey Nationalist Movement Party 5 None N/A None
 Ukraine People's Party 1 None N/A None
 United Kingdom Conservative Party 11 ACRE ECR IDU

Youth organisation

European Young Conservatives

The European Young Conservatives (EYC) is the party's youth wing. It brings together youth wings of conservative political parties from across Europe. As of 2020, the group had a membership of 30 political youth organisations from 30 countries and territories. Its patron was Margaret Thatcher until her death in 2013.

Country Organisation Mother party
 Armenia Prosperous Armenia Youth Prosperous Armenia
 Belarus BPF Youth BPF Party
 Belgium Jong N-VA N-VA
 Czech Republic Young Conservatives Civic Democratic Party
 Denmark Young Conservatives Conservative People's Party
 Faroe Islands Huxa People's Party
 Finland Finns Party Youth Finns Party
 Georgia Young Conservatives Conservative Party of Georgia
 Italy National Youth Brothers of Italy
 Latvia For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK Youth Club For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK
 Liechtenstein Junge FBP Progressive Citizens' Party
 Lithuania Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania Youth Organisation Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania
 Luxembourg ADRenalin Alternative Democratic Reform Party
 Norway Progress Party's Youth Progress Party
 Poland Law and Justice Youth Forum Law and Justice
 Portugal People's Youth Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party
 Romania New Republic Youth New Republic
 Switzerland Young SVP Swiss People's Party
 Turkey AKP Youth Justice and Development Party
 United Kingdom Young Conservatives Conservative Party

Principles

ECRP adopted the Reykjavík Declaration at its Council Meeting on 21 March 2014. The declaration defines the principles that underpin ECR.[45]

The Reykjavík Declaration

  • The European Conservatives and Reformists Party brings together parties committed to individual liberty, national sovereignty, parliamentary democracy, the rule of law, private property, low taxes, sound money, free trade, open competition, and the devolution of power.
  • ECRP believes in a Europe of independent nations, working together for mutual gain while each retaining its identity and integrity.
  • ECRP is committed to the equality of all European democracies, whatever their size, and regardless of which international associations they join.
  • ECRP favours the exercise of power at the lowest practicable level—by the individual where possible, by local or national authorities in preference to supranational bodies.
  • ECRP understands that open societies rest upon the dignity and autonomy of the individual, who should be as free as possible from state coercion. The liberty of the individual includes freedom of religion and worship, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of movement and association, freedom of contract and employment, and freedom from oppressive, arbitrary or punitive taxation.
  • ECRP recognises the equality of all citizens before the law, regardless of ethnicity, sex or social class. It rejects all forms of extremism, authoritarianism and racism.
  • ECRP cherishes the important role of civil associations, families and other bodies that fill the space between the individual and the government.
  • ECRP acknowledges the unique democratic legitimacy of the nation-state.
  • ECRP is committed to the spread of free commerce and open competition, in Europe and globally.
  • ECRP supports the principles of the Prague Declaration of March 2009 and the work of the European Conservatives and Reformists in the European Parliament and allied groups on the other European assemblies.

Election results

European Parliament

Year Lead Candidate Seats % Seats Status Ref
2024 None 9.2 (#3)
66 / 720
[lower-alpha 2] 		Opposition [46][47]

See also

  • European Conservatives
  • European People's Party
  • Identity and Democracy Party
  • Patriots for Europe
  • European political party
  • Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
  • European political foundation

Notes

  1. ↑ For the purpose of European party funding, "contributions" refer to financial or in-kind support provided by party members, while "donations" refer to the same but provided by non-members.
  2. ↑ Including 4 individual members

References

  1. ↑ "William Hague gives a reply (if not an answer) to the question: "What does 'We will not let matters rest there' actually mean in practice?"". ConservativeHome. 2 June 2009. http://conservativehome.blogs.com/thetorydiary/2009/06/william-hague-gives-a-reply-if-not-an-answer-to-the-question-what-does-we-will-not-let-matters-rest-.html. 
  2. ↑ Alan Siaroff (2019). Comparative European Party Systems: An Analysis of Parliamentary Elections Since 1945. Taylor & Francis. p. 469. ISBN 978-1-317-49876-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=zKp-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT469. 
  3. ↑ Healey, Euan (2019-06-13). "European right will widen gap with rivals after Brexit, projection shows". Euronews. https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2019/06/13/post-brexit-eu-parliament-sees-modest-boost-for-european-right-projection. 
  4. ↑ [2][3]
  5. ↑ "Dutch and Greek far-right parties join ECR Group". European Interest. 6 June 2019. https://www.europeaninterest.eu/article/dutch-greek-far-right-parties-join-ecr-group/. 
  6. ↑ Baker, David; Schnapper, Pauline (2015). Britain and the Crisis of the European Union. Springer. p. 87. ISBN 9781137005205. 
  7. ↑ Ripoll Servent, Ariadna; Panning, Lara (2021). "Engaging the disengaged? Explaining the participation of Eurosceptic MEPs in trilogue negotiations". Journal of European Public Policy 28 (1): 77. doi:10.1080/13501763.2020.1859596. 
  8. ↑ Brack, Nathalie; Startin, Nicholas (2015). "Introduction: Euroscepticism, from the margins to the mainstream". International Political Science Review (SAGE) 36 (3): 240. doi:10.1177/0192512115577231. 
  9. ↑ [7][8]
  10. ↑
  11. ↑ "Ursula von der Leyen makes final pledges to secure EU's top job". The Guardian. 15 July 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/15/ursula-von-der-leyen-makes-final-pledges-secure-eu-top-job. "Von der Leyen says in her letters that she hopes the "snapshot" on her positions, some of which are retreads of previous proposals from the commission, will reassure her critics, although there is a risk of putting off MEPs within the more Eurosceptic and rightwing European Conservatives and Reformists group, in which Poland's Law and Justice is the largest party." 
  12. ↑ "Explainer: Von der Leyen's rocky path to confirmation as EU Commission chief". Reuters. 12 July 2019. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-jobs-vonderleyen-explainer/explainer-von-der-leyens-rocky-path-to-confirmation-as-eu-commission-chief-idUSKCN1U71M3. "The right-wing European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR), will decide just ahead of the vote whether to support von der Leyen, but officials say the group is divided over the issue." 
  13. ↑ [10][11][12]
  14. ↑ "Dutch and Greek far-right parties join ECR Group". European Interest. 6 June 2019. https://www.europeaninterest.eu/article/dutch-greek-far-right-parties-join-ecr-group/. 
  15. ↑ McDonnell, Duncan; Werner, Annika (4 May 2018). "Respectable radicals: why some radical right parties in the European Parliament forsake policy congruence". Journal of European Public Policy 25 (5): 747–763. doi:10.1080/13501763.2017.1298659. ISSN 1350-1763. 
  16. ↑ Falkner, Gerda; Plattner, Georg (2018). "Populist Radical Right Parties and EU Policies: How coherent are their claims?". EUI Working Paper RSCAS (38): 5. https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/56165/RSCAS_2018_38.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. 
  17. ↑ [14][15][16]
  18. ↑ Akbaba, Sertan. "a critical assessment of a Eurosceptic party Group on European integration: a case Study of the European conservatives and reformists Group". Baltic Journal of European Studies 4 (1): 104. doi:10.2478/bjes-2014-000. ""The ECR group is centre-right to right-wing and a Euroskeptic party.". 
  19. ↑ Zalan, Eszter (2022-01-19). "Metsola becomes youngest EU Parliament president". EUObserver. https://euobserver.com/rule-of-law/154119. 
  20. ↑ John McCormick (2015). European Union Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 247. ISBN 978-1-137-45340-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=Xw2tCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA247. 
  21. ↑ Reformists, European Conservatives and. "ECR Group - European Conservatives and Reformists Group". http://ecrgroup.eu/about-us/our-history/. 
  22. ↑ Erkanor Saka (2009). Mediating the EU: Deciphering the Transformation of Turkish Elites (PhD Thesis). p. 202. ISBN 978-1-109-21663-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=Hy77juW0DNQC&pg=PA202. Retrieved 9 March 2016. 
  23. ↑ "Why anti-EUism is not left-wing". Alliance for Workers' Liberty. 26 October 2011. http://www.workersliberty.org/story/2011/10/26/why-anti-euism-not-left-wing. 
  24. ↑ "ECR Trans-National Party Set for EU Funding – But is it legal?". New Europe. 18 January 2010. http://www.neurope.eu/articles/98616.php. 
  25. ↑ "Organisation". Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists. 2011. http://aecr.eu/about/organisation. 
  26. ↑ "About - ECR Party". 25 October 2024. https://ecrparty.eu/about/. 
  27. ↑ "ACRE – EUROPE'S FASTEST GROWING POLITICAL MOVEMENT". ACRE – OUR FAMILY. http://www.acreurope.eu/about_us/our_family. 
  28. ↑ "Prosperous Armenia joins AECR". Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists. http://www.aecr.eu/prosperous-armenia-joins-aecr/. 
  29. ↑ "AECR welcomes two new members from Slovakia and Georgia". Alliance of European Conservatives and Reformists. 1 November 2014. http://www.aecr.eu/aecr-welcomes-two-new-members-from-slovakia-and-georgia/. 
  30. ↑ "Fitto: Conservatori e Riformisti entrano ufficialmente nell'Aecr, l'alleanza dei partiti e movimenti conservatori europei" (in it). 13 November 2015. http://conservatorieriformisti.it/2015/11/fitto-conservatori-e-riformisti-entrano-ufficialmente-nellaecr-lalleanza-dei-partiti-e-movimenti-conservatori-europei/. 
  31. ↑ "AECR welcomes M10 and ALFA as new members". 18 March 2016. http://www.aecr.eu/aecr-welcomes-m10-and-alfa-as-new-members/. 
  32. ↑ "AECR to change its name to ACRE | ACRE". AECR to change its name to ACRE | ACRE. http://www.acreurope.eu/item/aecr_to_change_its_name_to_acre. 
  33. ↑ "Daniel Hannan's MEP group told to repay €535,000 in EU funds". The Guardian. 13 December 2018. https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/dec/13/daniel-hannan-mep-group-told-to-repay-half-a-million-in-eu-funds. 
  34. ↑ Fortuna, Gerardo (25 February 2019). "Italy's far-right hopes to form new broad Conservative alliance in Europe". https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2019/news/italys-far-right-hopes-to-form-new-broad-conservative-alliance-in-europe/. 
  35. ↑ "ECR Party". https://www.ecrparty.eu/. 
  36. ↑ "European Conservatives group admits Finns Party as new member". 11 April 2023. https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/european-conservatives-group-admits-finns-party-as-new-member/. 
  37. ↑ Hertner, Isabelle (9 September 2018). "United in diversity? Europarties and their individual members' rights". Journal of European Integration (Routledge) 41 (4): 487–505. doi:10.1080/07036337.2018.1513500. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/66c15812-8a3b-4285-8dc0-14136dd3b623. 
  38. ↑ "Audit reports and donations". https://www.europarl.europa.eu/contracts-and-grants/en/political-parties-and-foundations/audit-reports-and-donations. 
  39. ↑ "Funding from the European Parliament to European political parties per party and per year". https://www.europarl.europa.eu/contracts-and-grants/files/political-parties-and-foundations/european-political-parties/en-funding-amounts-parties-2025.pdf. 
  40. ↑ "Audit reports and donations". https://www.europarl.europa.eu/contracts-and-grants/en/political-parties-and-foundations/audit-reports-and-donations. 
  41. ↑ "EPFO - Understanding party funding". European Democracy Consulting Stiftung. https://epfo.eu/understanding-party-funding. 
  42. ↑ "MEPs". https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/search/table. 
  43. ↑ "About". https://ecrgroup.eu/about. 
  44. ↑ "European Conservatives Group". Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. 23 October 2014. http://assembly.coe.int/ASP/AssemblyList/Annuaire_02W_Groups.asp?GroupID=3. 
  45. ↑ "About". https://www.ecrparty.eu/about. 
  46. ↑ "Provisional list of Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) as of 19 July 2024". https://www.appf.europa.eu/cmsdata/287720/ECRP_MEPs%20as%20of%2019%20July%202024.xlsx. 
  47. ↑ "Projected composition: Members of the European Parliament". https://europeelects.eu/ep2024. 
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