Social:Livvi-Karelian language
| Livvi-Karelian | |
|---|---|
| Ливви livvi | |
| Native to | Russia , Finland |
| Region | between Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega, northward of Svir River, Karelia |
Native speakers | 14,100–25,000 (2000–2010)[1] |
| Latin (Karelian alphabet) | |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | olo |
| Glottolog | livv1243[4] |
 | |
 Olonetsian is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010) | |
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[[:| edition]] of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
Livvi-Karelian[7] (Alternate names: Liygi, Livvi, Livvikovian, Olonets, Southern Olonetsian, Karelian; Russian: ливвиковский язык, romanized: Livvikovskoye narechiye)[7][8] is a dialect of the Karelian language, which is a Finnic language of the Uralic family,[9] spoken by Olonets Karelians (self-appellation livvi, livgilaizet), traditionally inhabiting the area between Ladoga and Onega lakes, northward of Svir River. File:Livvi-Karelian language and VepKar corpus by Tatiana Boiko.ogvThe name "Olonets Karelians" is derived from the territory inhabited, Olonets Krai, named after the town of Olonets, named after the Olonka River.
History
Before World War II, Livvi-Karelian was spoken both in Russia and in Finland , in the easternmost part of Finnish Karelia. After Finland was forced to cede large parts of Karelia to the USSR after the war, the Finnish Livvi-Karelian population was resettled in Finland. Today there are still native speakers of Livvi-Karelian living scattered throughout Finland, but all areas in which Livvi-Karelian remains a community language are found in Russia.
Speakers of Livvi-Karelian may be found mainly in Olonetsky, Pryazhinsky, Pitkyarantsky, and partly Suoyarvsky districts of the Republic of Karelia.[10] Livvi-Karelian long remained relatively uninfluenced by the Russian language despite the large influx of Russians following the founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703.[citation needed]
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rnd. | urnd. | rnd. | urnd. | |
| Close | i iː | y yː | u uː | |
| Mid | e | ø | o | |
| Open | æ | ɑ | ||
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | tʲ | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | dʲ | ɡ | |||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||
| voiced | d͡ʒ | ||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | ʃ | (x) | h | |
| voiced | z | ʒ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | (ŋ) | ||||
| Approximant | ʋ | l | j | ||||
| Rhotic | r | ||||||
- Consonants may also occur as geminated or long [Cː].
- Sounds /f, x/ are commonly heard from Russian loanwords.
- /h/ can have allophones of [x] or [χ].
- /n/ is heard as [ŋ] when preceding /k/ or /ɡ/.
- Palatalization [ʲ] may occur among different dialects when consonants are preceding vowels /i, y/.[11]
Alphabet
Livvi-Karelian uses the Latin alphabet and has the following letters in it's alphabet, which is called the Karelian alphabet: Aa, Bb, Cc, Čč, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Rr, Ss, Šš, Zz, Žž, Tt, Uu, Vv, Yy, Ää, Öö.[12]
Until 2007, the ü letter was apart of the Livvi-Karelian alphabet, which has been recommended by the Karelian language board to be instead be changed to the y letter.[13]
Grammar
Livvi-Karelian and its grammatical cases are quite similar to the Finnish language and other related Finnic languages.
The word 'food' in Livvi-Karelian cases:[14]
| case | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nom. | syömine | syömizet |
| gen. | syömizen | syömizien |
| par. | syömisty | syömizii |
| ine. | syömizes | syömizis |
| ill. | syömizeh | syömizih |
| ela. | syömizes | syömizis |
| ade. | syömizel | syömizil |
| abe. | syömizettäh | syömizittäh |
| all. | syömizele | syömizile |
| abl. | syömizel | syömizil |
| ess. | syömizenny | syömizinny |
| tra. | syömizekse | syömizikse |
| com. | syömizen | syömizienke |
| prol. | syömizeči | syömiziči |
| term. | syömizessäh | syömizissäh |
| approx. | syömizellyö | syömiziellyö |
| acc. | syömine | syömizet |
Common phrases[15][16]
Hello! - Terveh!
How are you? - Kuibo dielot?
Good night! - Hyviä yödy!
Good afternoon! - Hyviä päiviä!
Do you speak Karelian? - Pagizetgo (sinä) karjalakse?
I'm sorry. - Minul on žiäli.
You're welcome. - Ole hyvä.
I love you. - Suvaičen sinuu.
Goodbye. - Jiä tervehekse.
My name is ... - Minun nimi on ...
Excuse me. - Prostikkua.
Help! - Avvutakkua!
Cheers! - Teijän tervehyökse!
Right. - Oigei.
Left. - Hurai.
Yes. - Da.
No.. - Ei.
One. - Yksi.
Two. - Kaksi.
Three. - Kolme.
Four. - Nelli.
Five. - Viizi.
See also
- Olonets
- Birch bark letter no. 292
References
- ↑ Karjalainen, Heini; Puura, Ulriikka; Grünthal, Riho; Kovaleva, Svetlana (2013). "Karelian in Russia. ELDIA Case-Specific Report". Studies in European Language Diversity (ELDIA) 26. ISSN 2192-2403.
- ↑ Change in the regulation by the president of Finland about European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, 27.11.2009 (in Finnish)
- ↑ "Законодательные акты: О государственной поддержке карельского, вепсского и финского языков в Республике Карелия". http://gov.karelia.ru/Legislation/lawbase.html?lid=1751.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Livvi". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/livv1243.
- ↑ Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (2022-06-08). "Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic" (in en). PLOS ONE 17 (6): e0269648. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648. PMID 35675367. Bibcode: 2022PLoSO..1769648R.
- ↑ Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). Geographical database of the Uralic languages (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Livvi-Karelian". Ethnologue. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=olo.
- ↑ Moseley, Christopher (2007). Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages. Psychology Press. p. 263. ISBN 9780203645659. https://books.google.com/books?id=6LoNl7ZRO70C&pg=PA263.
- ↑ "Language Family Trees, Uralic, Finnic". Ethnologue. http://www.ethnologue.org/show_family.asp?subid=1110-16.
- ↑ "Karelian Language", at the website about livvic culture
- ↑ Sarhimaa, Anneli (2022). Karelian. Oxford Guides to the World's Languages (1st ed.): Oxford University Press. pp. 274–275.
- ↑ Pyöli, Raija (2011) (in fi). Livvinkarjalan kielioppi. Karjalan Kielen Seura. ISBN 978-952-5790-25-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=elg7jwEACAAJ.
- ↑ "Kirjaimikkuo suurendetah". http://www.omamua.rkperiodika.ru/issues/2014/numero_1/kirjaimikkuo_suurendetah/.
- ↑ "VepKar :: Lemmas". http://dictorpus.krc.karelia.ru/en/dict/lemma/17687?search_lang=5&search_lemma=sy%C3%B6mine.
- ↑ "Useful phrases in Livvi-Karelian". https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/livvikarelian.htm.
- ↑ Craig Gibson, Digital Dialects 2020. "Digital Dialects Karelian games". https://www.digitaldialects.com/Karelian.htm.
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