Social:Seto dialect
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Short description: Dialect of South Estonian
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| Seto | |
|---|---|
| seto kiil´ | |
| Native to | Estonia |
| Region | Setomaa |
| Ethnicity | Setos |
Native speakers | 25,080 (2021 census)[1] |
Uralic
| |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | seto1244[2] |
 South Estonian today. Seto is marked with light red colour. | |
 Distribution of Seto speakers according to the 2021 census. | |
Seto (seto kiil´;[3] Estonian: setu keel) is a dialect of South Estonian spoken by 25,080 people.[4] It is sometimes identified as a variety under Võro, or the two are described as Võro-Seto. Setos (setokõsõq) mostly inhabit the area near Estonia's southeastern border with Russia in Setomaa, and are primarily Eastern Orthodox, while Võros (võrokõsõq) are traditionally Lutherans and live in historical Võru County.
Phonology
Vowels
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |
| Close | i | y | ɯ | u |
| Mid | e | ø | ɤ | o |
| Open | æ | ɑ | ||
- Vowel length is also distinctive.
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | plain | pal. | plain | pal. | plain | pal. | ||
| Plosive | p | pʲ | t | tʲ | k | kʲ | ʔ | ||
| Affricate | t͡s | t͡sʲ | |||||||
| Fricative | v | vʲ | s | sʲ | h | hʲ | |||
| Nasal | m | mʲ | n | nʲ | |||||
| Approximant | l | lʲ | j | ||||||
| Rhotic | r | rʲ | |||||||
- Stop, affricate and fricative sounds can also be heard as voiced [b, bʲ, d, dʲ, ɡ, ɡʲ, d͡z, d͡zʲ] and [z, zʲ], when between vowels or within voiced consonants. They also may be written as such ⟨b, b’, d, d’, g, g’, ds, ds’, z, z’⟩.
- Other sounds /f, x/ appear only in loanwords.
Language sample
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
- Seto: Kõik inemiseq sünnüseq vapost ja ütesugumaidsist uma avvo ja õiguisi poolõst. Näile om annõt mudsu ja süämetun'stus ja nä piät ütstõõsõga vele muudu läbi kjauma.
- Võro: Kõik inemiseq sünnüseq vapos ja ütesugumaidsis uma avvo ja õiguisi poolõst. Näile om annõt mudsu ja süämetunnistus ja nä piät ütstõõsõga vele muudu läbi käümä.
- Estonian: Kõik inimesed sünnivad vabadena ja võrdsetena oma väärikuselt ja õigustelt. Neile on antud mõistus ja südametunnistus ja nende suhtumist üksteisesse peab kandma vendluse vaim.
- Finnish: Kaikki ihmiset syntyvät vapaina ja tasavertaisina arvoltaan ja oikeuksiltaan. Heille on annettu järki ja omatunto, ja heidän on toimittava toisiaan kohtaan veljeyden hengessä.
- English: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
References
- ↑ "RL21446: POPULATION WITH ESTONIAN AS THEIR MOTHER TONGUE BY ABILITY TO SPEAK A DIALECT, AGE GROUP, SEX, AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE (ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT), 31 DECEMBER 2021" (in en). https://andmed.stat.ee/pxweb/en/stat/stat__rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__voorkeeleoskus-murded/RL21446.px/.
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Seto". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/seto1244.
- ↑ "Google Scholar". https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Seto+language%22&hl=en&lr=&btnG=Search.
- ↑ "RL21446: POPULATION WITH ESTONIAN AS THEIR MOTHER TONGUE BY ABILITY TO SPEAK A DIALECT, AGE GROUP, SEX, AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE (ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT), 31 DECEMBER 2021" (in en). https://andmed.stat.ee/pxweb/en/stat/stat__rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__voorkeeleoskus-murded/RL21446.px/.
- Alekseev, F. (2016). "Opyt polevogo issledovanija jazyka seto" (in ru). Finno-ugorskij Mir 3: 14–17. https://www.academia.edu/29055826.
- Eichenbaum, Külli; Pajusalu, Karl (2001). "Setode ja võrokeste keelehoiakutest ja identiteedist". Keel ja Kirjandus 7: 483–489. https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/et/download/143169.
- Eller, Kalle (1999). Võro-Seto Language. Võro Institute. ISBN 9985914953.
- Pajusalu, Karl (2022). Seto South Estonian. In Marianne Bakró-Nagy and Johanna Laakso and Elena Skribnik (eds.), The Oxford guide to the Uralic languages: Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 367-379.
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