Software:Apache CloudStack

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CloudStack
Apache CloudStack Logo
Original author(s)Cloud.com, Citrix
Developer(s)Apache Software Foundation
Stable release
4.21.x (LTS)4.21.0.0 / August 24, 2025; 12 months ago (2025-08-24)[1]
4.17.x (LTS)4.17.2.0 / December 16, 2022; 3 years ago (2022-12-16)[1]
RepositoryCloudStack Repository
Written inJava (primarily), Python
PlatformJava
TypeCloud computing
LicenseApache License 2.0
Websitecloudstack.apache.org

CloudStack is open-source Infrastructure-as-a-Service cloud computing software for creating, managing, and deploying infrastructure cloud services. It uses existing hypervisor platforms for virtualization, such as KVM, VMware vSphere, including ESXi and vCenter, XenServer/XCP and XCP-ng. In addition to its own API, CloudStack also supports the Amazon Web Services (AWS) API[2] and the Open Cloud Computing Interface from the Open Grid Forum.[3]

History

CloudStack was originally developed by Cloud.com, formerly known as VMOps.[4]

VMOps was founded by Sheng Liang, Shannon Williams, Alex Huang, Will Chan, and Chiradeep Vittal in 2008.[5][6] The company raised a total of $17.6M in venture funding[7] from Redpoint Ventures, Nexus Ventures and Index Ventures (Redpoint and Nexus led the initial Series A funding round). The company changed its name from VMOps to Cloud.com on May 4, 2010, when it emerged from stealth mode by announcing its product.[8][4][9] Cloud.com was based in Cupertino, California.

In May 2010, Cloud.com released most of CloudStack as free software under the GNU General Public License, version 3 (GPLv3).[10] They kept about 5% proprietary.[11] Cloud.com and Citrix both supported OpenStack, another Apache-licensed cloud computing program, at its announcement in July 2010.[12][13][14]

In October 2010, Cloud.com announced a partnership with Microsoft to develop the code to provide integration and support of Windows Server 2008 R2 Hyper-V to the OpenStack project.[15]

Citrix Systems purchased Cloud.com on July 12, 2011, for approximately $200 million.[16][17][18] In August 2011, Citrix released the remaining code under the Apache Software License with further development governed by the Apache Foundation.[11] In February 2012, Citrix released CloudStack 3.0. Among other features, this added support for Swift, OpenStack's S3-like object storage solution.[19]

In April 2012, Citrix donated CloudStack to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF), where it was accepted into the Apache Incubator; Citrix changed the license to the Apache License version 2. As part of this change, Citrix also ceased their involvement in OpenStack.[20] On November 6, 2012, CloudStack 4.0.0-incubating was announced,[21] the first stable release after joining ASF. On March 20, 2013, CloudStack graduated from Apache Incubator and became a Top-Level Project (TLP) of ASF.[22] The first stable (maintenance) release after graduation is CloudStack 4.0.2.[23]

Key features

  • Rich user-interface
  • noVNC-based VM console
  • Built-in high-availability for hosts and VMs
  • Hypervisor-agnostic
  • Multiple storage options including block and shared storage support
  • Snapshot management
  • Usage metering
  • Network management (VLAN, security groups)
  • Virtual routers, firewalls, load balancers
  • Multi-role support
  • LDAP, SAML, 2FA
  • End-to-end encryption including secured console, volume and database encryption
  • AWS API compatibility

[24]

Supported Hypervisors

Hypervisor[25] Version EOL (End Of Life)
VMware vSphere 6.5 15/10/2022[26]
VMware vSphere 6.7 15/10/2022[26]
VMware vSphere 7.0 02/04/2025[26]
VMware vSphere 8.0 11/10/2029
Citrix Hypervisor 7.1 12/12/2023[27]
Citrix Hypervisor 7.2 12/12/2023[27]
Citrix Hypervisor 7.4 12/12/2023[27]
Citrix Hypervisor 7.5 12/12/2023[27]
Citrix Hypervisor 8.0 25/07/2025[28]
XCP-ng 7.4 31/12/2018[28]
XCP-ng 7.6 30/03/2020[28]
XCP-ng 8.0 13/11/2020[28]
XCP-ng 8.1 31/03/2021[28]
XCP-ng 8.2 25/06/2025[28]
Centos / Red Hat  KVM 7 30/08/2021[29]
Centos / Red Hat  KVM 8 31/05/2029[29]
Rocky/Alma Linux / Red Hat KVM 9 31 May 2034
Ubuntu / KVM 18 2028[30]
Ubuntu / KVM 20 2030[30]
Ubuntu / KVM 22 2027
Opensuse Leap / KVM 15 04/01/2022[31]
Suse Linux Enterprise Server 15 31/07/2028[32]
Rocky Linux 8 2029[33]
Red Hat / LXC 7 30/08/2021[29]
Microsoft Hyper-V 2012 R2 10/10/2023[34]

BareMetal hosts

  • RHEL or CentOS, v7.x
  • Ubuntu 16.04

Deployment architecture

The minimum production installation consists of one machine running the CloudStack Management Server and another machine to act as the cloud infrastructure (in this case, a very simple infrastructure consisting of one host running hypervisor software). In its smallest deployment, a single machine can act as both the Management Server and the hypervisor host (using the KVM hypervisor).[35]

Multiple management servers can be configured for redundancy and load balancing, all pointing to a common MySQL database.

Users

In July 2012 it was reported that Datapipe launched the largest international public cloud to be built on CloudStack, which included 6 data centers in the US, Britain, and Asia.[36]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Releases · apache/cloudstack". https://github.com/apache/cloudstack/releases. 
  2. ↑ "Supported AWS API Calls". http://cloudstack.apache.org/docs/en-US/Apache_CloudStack/4.0.2/html/Installation_Guide/aws-ec2-supported-commands.html. 
  3. ↑ "OCCI Interface to CloudStack". 5 November 2013. http://sebgoa.blogspot.com/2013/11/occi-interface-to-cloudstack.html. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Timothy Prickett Morgan (May 4, 2010). "Cloud.com takes on virty infrastructure". The Channel. http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2010/05/04/cloud_com_launch/. 
  5. ↑ John Fontana (January 28, 2009). "Start-up VMOps aims to ease cloud deployments". Network World. https://www.computerworld.com/article/2530517/data-center/start-up-vmops-aims-to-ease-cloud-deployments.html. 
  6. ↑ "Company Overview". VMOps web site. http://vmops.com/corporate/company.shtml. 
  7. ↑ "More Cash for Hot New Cloud Startup, VMOps". Gigaom.com. February 18, 2010. http://gigaom.com/2010/02/18/vmops. 
  8. ↑ "Cloud.com Launches, Extends Leadership Team and Announces New Funding" (Press release). Cloud.com. May 4, 2010. Archived from the original on September 19, 2010.
  9. ↑ Dave Rosenberg (May 4, 2010). "Cloud.com software stack goes open source". Software, Interrupted. CNET News. http://news.cnet.com/8301-13846_3-20004051-62.html. 
  10. ↑ "Cloud.com launches, announces funding, open source" (Press release). May 4, 2010. Archived from the original on September 18, 2010.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "CloudStack Process Changes: Working the Apache Way". CloudStack. April 17, 2012. http://cloudstack.org/blog/125-cloudstack-process-changes-working-the-apache-way.html. 
  12. ↑ "NASA and Rackspace open source cloud fluffer". The Register. July 19, 2010. https://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/07/19/nasa_rackspace_openstack/. 
  13. ↑ Peder Ulander (July 22, 2010). "You Are Now Free to Move About in the Cloud". OpenStack blog. http://openstack.com/blog/2010/07/you-are-now-free-to-move-about-in-the-cloud/. 
  14. ↑ Clark, Jack (July 19, 2010). "Nasa, Rackspace launch OpenStack cloud interoperability scheme | Cloud | ZDNet UK". Zdnet.co.uk. http://www.zdnet.co.uk/news/cloud/2010/07/19/nasa-rackspace-launch-openstack-cloud-interoperability-scheme-40089574/. 
  15. ↑ Harris, Derrick Harris (October 22, 2010). "Microsoft Joins OpenStack to Add Hyper-V Support." Gigaom.com . Retrieved November 2011.
  16. ↑ "Citrix & Cloud.com". Citrix.com. July 12, 2011. http://www.citrix.com/lang/English/lp/lp_2313912.asp?ntref=hp_promo_cloud_change. 
  17. ↑ "Citrix Makes a Run at the Cloud". BusinessWeek. July 14, 2011. http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/citrix-makes-a-run-at-the-cloud-07142011.html. 
  18. ↑ "Citrix Buys Cloud.com for More Than $200 Million; Redpoint Is on a Roll". TechCrunch. July 12, 2011. https://techcrunch.com/2011/07/12/citrix-buys-cloud-com-for-more-than-200-million-redpoint-is-on-a-roll/. 
  19. ↑ "Citrix CloudStack 3 Brings the Power of Amazon-Style Clouds to Customers of All Sizes". Citrix. February 13, 2012. http://www.citrix.com/English/ne/news/news.asp?newsID=2321271. 
  20. ↑ "Citrix Splits With OpenStack, Takes Cloud to Apache". Wired. April 4, 2012. https://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2012/04/citrix-cloudstack/. Retrieved May 27, 2012. 
  21. ↑ "Apache CloudStack 4.0.0-incubating Released". Apache Software Foundation. November 6, 2012. https://blogs.apache.org/cloudstack/entry/apache_cloudstack_4_0_0. 
  22. ↑ "CloudStack Project Incubation Status". Apache Software Foundation. March 20, 2013. http://incubator.apache.org/projects/cloudstack.html. 
  23. ↑ "Apache CloudStack 4.0.2 Released". Apache Software Foundation. April 24, 2013. https://blogs.apache.org/cloudstack/entry/apache_cloudstack_4_0_2. 
  24. ↑ "Features". CloudStack. https://cloudstack.apache.org/features.html. 
  25. ↑ "Compatibility Matrix — Apache CloudStack 4.16.0.0 documentation". http://docs.cloudstack.apache.org/en/latest/releasenotes/compat.html. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 "Product Lifecycle Matrix". https://lifecycle.vmware.com/. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 "Citrix Hypervisor and XenServer | Legacy Documentation". https://docs.citrix.com/en-us/legacy-archive/citrix-hypervisor.html. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 "Releases | XCP-ng documentation". https://xcp-ng.org/docs/releases.html#lts-releases. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 "Red Hat Enterprise Linux Life Cycle" (in en). https://access.redhat.com/support/policy/updates/errata. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Ubuntu release cycle" (in en). https://ubuntu.com/about/release-cycle. 
  31. ↑ "Lifetime - openSUSE Wiki". https://en.opensuse.org/Lifetime. 
  32. ↑ "Product Support Lifecycle | SUSE" (in pt). https://www.suse.com/pt-br/lifecycle/. 
  33. ↑ "What is EOL of RL8" (in en). 2021-10-12. https://forums.rockylinux.org/t/what-is-eol-of-rl8/3316/7. 
  34. ↑ GitHub-Name. "Windows Server 2012 R2 - Microsoft Lifecycle" (in en-us). https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/windows-server-2012-r2. 
  35. ↑ "Deployment Architecture Overview". CloudStack. http://cloudstack.apache.org/docs/en-US/Apache_CloudStack/4.0.2/html/Admin_Guide/deployment-architecture-overview.html. 
  36. ↑ "Datapipe launches largest CloudStack deployment". NetworkWorld. July 17, 2012. http://www.networkworld.com/news/2012/071712-datapipe-260951.html. 
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