Zepto-
From HandWiki
Zepto (unit symbol z) is a unit prefix in the metric system denoting a factor of 10−21, i.e. 0.000000000000000000001.
Adopted into the International System of Units (SI) in 1991, it is derived from the Latin septem, seven, since it is equal to 1000−7.
Examples of its use:
- The electric charge on one electron is 160.2176634 zeptocoulombs (zC).[1]
- One zeptomole (zmol) of a substance contains 602 particles.
- The human insulin molecule has a mass of roughly 10 zeptograms (zg).[2]
- The travel time of a photon across molecular hydrogen is 247 zeptoseconds (zs) for the average bond length of molecular hydrogen.[3][4]
Prefix | Base 10 | Decimal | English word | Adoption[nb 1] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | Symbol | Short scale | Long scale | ||||
yotta | Y | 1024 | 1000000000000000000000000 | septillion | quadrillion | 1991 | |
zetta | Z | 1021 | 1000000000000000000000 | sextillion | trilliard | 1991 | |
exa | E | 1018 | 1000000000000000000 | quintillion | trillion | 1975 | |
peta | P | 1015 | 1000000000000000 | quadrillion | billiard | 1975 | |
tera | T | 1012 | 1000000000000 | trillion | billion | 1960 | |
giga | G | 109 | 1000000000 | billion | milliard | 1960 | |
mega | M | 106 | 1000000 | million | 1873 | ||
kilo | k | 103 | 1000 | thousand | 1795 | ||
hecto | h | 102 | 100 | hundred | 1795 | ||
deca | da | 101 | 10 | ten | 1795 | ||
100 | 1 | one | – | ||||
deci | d | 10−1 | 0.1 | tenth | 1795 | ||
centi | c | 10−2 | 0.01 | hundredth | 1795 | ||
milli | m | 10−3 | 0.001 | thousandth | 1795 | ||
micro | μ | 10−6 | 0.000001 | millionth | 1873 | ||
nano | n | 10−9 | 0.000000001 | billionth | milliardth | 1960 | |
pico | p | 10−12 | 0.000000000001 | trillionth | billionth | 1960 | |
femto | f | 10−15 | 0.000000000000001 | quadrillionth | billiardth | 1964 | |
atto | a | 10−18 | 0.000000000000000001 | quintillionth | trillionth | 1964 | |
zepto | z | 10−21 | 0.000000000000000000001 | sextillionth | trilliardth | 1991 | |
yocto | y | 10−24 | 0.000000000000000000000001 | septillionth | quadrillionth | 1991 | |
|
References
- ↑ "SI brochure (2019)". SI Brochure. BIPM. p. 132. https://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si-brochure/SI-Brochure-9.pdf.
- ↑ John Dell BE PhD (2009-03-25). "Mechanical engineering gone small - how to measure Zeptograms and Yoctograms using MEMS technology". University of Western Australia. Engineers Australia. https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/resource-centre/resource/mechanical-engineering-gone-small.
- ↑ "Zeptosecond birth time delay in molecular photoionization". Science 370 (6514): 339-341. 2020-10-16. doi:10.1126/science.abb9318. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abb9318.
- ↑ Temming, Maria (2021-01-29). "Physicists have clocked the shortest time span ever". Science News for Students. https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/photon-journey-molecule-shortest-event-zeptosecond-physics.