Chemistry:Dichlorotetrakis(dimethylsulfoxide)ruthenium(II)

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Dichlorotetrakis(dimethyl­sulfoxide) ruthenium (II)
RuCl2-dmso4.PNG
RuCl2(dmso)4 (Strem).jpg
Names
Systematic IUPAC name
Ruthenium, dichlorotetrakis(sulfinylbis(methane))- (9CI)
Other names
Tetrakis(dimethylsulfoxide)dichlororuthenium(II), Dichlorotetrakis(methylsulfoxide)ruthenium, Dichlorotetrakis(sulfinylbis(methane))ruthenium
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
Properties
C8H24Cl2O4RuS4
Molar mass 484.51 g/mol
Appearance Various shades of yellow crystals
Miscible in water
Solubility Nitromethane, chloroform, dichloromethane
Structure
Octahedral coordinate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Dichlorotetrakis(dimethyl sulfoxide) ruthenium(II) describes coordination compounds with the formula RuCl2(dmso)4, where DMSO is dimethylsulfoxide. Both cis and trans isomers are known, but the cis isomer is more common. The cis isomer is a yellow, air-stable solid that is soluble in some organic solvents. These compounds have been extremely successful as an intermediate in the synthesis of various ruthenium(ii) complexes[1]. They have also attracted attention as possible anti-cancer drugs.

Structure and synthesis

The cis isomer illustrates linkage isomerism for the DMSO ligand.[2] One of the two dmso ligands that are cis to both chloride ligands is O-bonded while the other three dmso ligands are S-bonded. In the trans isomer, which is also yellow, all four dmso ligands are S-bonded. The cis isomer is formed thermally, and the trans isomer is obtained by UV-irradiation of the cis isomer.[3]

Cis-fac-dichlorotetrakis(dimethyl-sulfoxide)ruthenium(II)-from-xtal-2008-3D-balls.png Trans-dichloridotetrakis(dimethyl-sulfoxide)ruthenium(II)-from-xtal-1990-3D-balls.png
cis isomer trans isomer

The complexes were first prepared in 1971 by heating DMSO solutions of ruthenium trichloride under hydrogen atmosphere.[4] Modern procedures has been developed which avoids hydrogen gas, either using ascorbic acid or refluxing DMSO to reduce the ruthenium.[3][5][6]

Potential applications

RuCl2(dmso)4 was identified as a potential anticancer agent in the early 1980s.[7] Continued research[8][9] has led to the development of several related dmso-containing ruthenium compounds, some of which have undergone early-stage clinical trials.[10]

References

  1. ↑ Alessio, Enzo (2004-09-01). "Synthesis and Reactivity of Ru-, Os-, Rh-, and Ir-Halide−Sulfoxide Complexes" (in en). Chemical Reviews 104 (9): 4203–4242. doi:10.1021/cr0307291. ISSN 0009-2665. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0307291. 
  2. ↑ Enzo Alessio (2004). "Synthesis and reactivity of Ru-, Os-, Rh-, and Ir-halide-sulfoxide compounds". Chem. Rev. 104 (9): 4203–4242. doi:10.1021/cr0307291. PMID 15352790. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 I. Bratsos; E. Alessio (2010). Ruthenium(II) Chloro Complexes of dimethylsulfoxide. Inorganic Syntheses. 35. pp. 148–152. doi:10.1002/9780470651568.ch8. 
  4. ↑ B. R. James; E. Ochiai; G.I. Rempel (1971). "Ruthenium (II) halide dimethylsulphoxide complexes from hydrogenation reactions". Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 7 (8): 781–784. doi:10.1016/0020-1650(71)80091-0. 
  5. ↑ Nagy, E. M.; Pettenuzzo, A. (2012). "Ruthenium(II/III)-Based Compounds with Encouraging Antiproliferative Activity against Non-small-Cell Lung Cancer". Chemistry 18 (45): 14464–14472. doi:10.1002/chem.201202171. PMID 23012112. 
  6. ↑ Abdou, Hanan E.; Mohamed, Ahmed A.; Fackler, John P.; Ghimire, Mukunda M.; Omary, Mohammad A.; Schilter, David; Rauchfuss, Thomas B.; Denny, Jason A. et al. (2018-07-27), Power, Philip P., ed., "SYNTHESIS OF SELECTED TRANSITION METAL AND MAIN GROUP COMPOUNDS WITH SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS" (in en), Inorganic Syntheses (Wiley) 37: pp. 155–204, doi:10.1002/9781119477822.ch8, ISBN 978-1-119-47782-2, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119477822.ch8, retrieved 2024-01-30 
  7. ↑ Sava, Gianni; Giraldi, Tullio; Mestroni, Giovanni; Zassinovich, Grazia (July 1983). "Antitumor effects of rhodium(I), iridium(I) and ruthenium(II) complexes in comparison with cis-dichlorodiammino platinum(II) in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma". Chemico-Biological Interactions 45 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1016/0009-2797(83)90037-6. PMID 6683595. 
  8. ↑ Coluccia, Mauro; Sava, Gianni; Loseto, Francesco; Nassi, Anna; Boccarelli, Angela; Giordano, Domenico; Alessio, Enzo; Mestroni, Giovanni (January 1993). "Anti-leukaemic action of RuCl2(DMSO)4 isomers and prevention of brain involvement on P388 leukaemia and on subline". European Journal of Cancer 29 (13): 1873–1879. doi:10.1016/0959-8049(93)90541-M. PMID 8260245. 
  9. ↑ Bratsos, I; Serli, B; Zangranko, E; Katsaros, N; Alessio, E. (2007). "Replacement of chlorides with dicarboxylate ligands in anticancer active Ru(II)-DMSO compounds: A new strategy that might lead to improved activity". Inorg. Chem. 46 (3): 975–992. doi:10.1021/ic0613964. PMID 17257042. 
  10. ↑ Enzo Alessio, Bentham Science Publisher; Giovanni Mestroni, Bentham Science Publisher; Alberta Bergamo, Bentham Science Publisher; Gianni Sava, Bentham Science Publisher (1 November 2004). "Ruthenium Antimetastatic Agents". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 4 (15): 1525–1535. doi:10.2174/1568026043387421. PMID 15579094. 



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