Biography:Vikram Sarabhai

Short description: Indian physicist and astronomer

Vikram Sarabhai
Sarabhai in 1971
Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation
In office 1969–1971
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	M. G. K. Menon
Chairman of the Indian National Committee for Space Research
In office 1963–1969
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Position abolished
Chairperson of the Atomic Energy Commission of India
In office 1966–1971
Preceded by	Homi J. Bhabha
Succeeded by	H.N. Sethna
Personal details
Born	Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai (1919-08-12)12 August 1919 Ahmedabad, Bombay Presidency, British India (now in Gujarat, India )
Died	30 December 1971(1971-12-30) (aged 52) Halcyon Castle, Trivandrum (now Thiruvananthapuram), Kerala, India
Spouse(s)	Mrinalini Sarabhai (m.1942)
Children	Mallika Sarabhai (daughter) Kartikeya Sarabhai (son)
Parents	Ambalal Sarabhai (father)
Alma mater	University of Cambridge (BA, PhD)
Known for	Indian space program Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad
Awards	Padma Bhushan (1966) Padma Vibhushan (posthumously) (1972)
Scientific career
Fields	Physics
Institutions	Indian Space Research Organisation Physical Research Laboratory
Doctoral advisor	C. V. Raman
Doctoral students	Udupi Ramachandra Rao

Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai Jain (12 August 1919 – 30 December 1971) was an Indian physicist and astronomer who initiated space research and helped to develop nuclear power in India.

He was honoured with Padma Bhushan in 1966 and the Padma Vibhushan (posthumously) in 1972.

Personal life

Vikram and Mrinalini Sarabhai (1948)

Son of Ambalal Sarabhai, he came from the well-known Sarabhai family from India who were major industrialists committed to the Indian independence movement. Vikram Sarabhai married the classical dancer Mrinalini in 1942. The couple had two children. His daughter Mallika gained prominence as an actress and activist, and his son Kartikeya too became an active person in science. During his lifetime, he practiced Jainism. He attended Gujarat College, Ahmedabad, but later moved to the University of Cambridge, England, where he took his tripos in natural sciences in 1940. In 1945 he returned to Cambridge to pursue his PhD and wrote a thesis, "Cosmic Ray Investigations in Tropical Latitudes", in 1947.

Professional life

Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai, (left) Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and head of India's Department of Atomic Energy and Dr. Thomas O. Paine, NASA Administrator, sign an agreement to cooperate in an unprecedented experiment using a space satellite to bring instructional television programs to some 5,000 Indian villages.

Known as the cradle of space sciences in India, the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) was founded in 1947 by Vikram Sarabhai. PRL had a modest beginning at his residence, the "RETREAT", with research on cosmic rays.

The institute was formally established at the M.G. Science Institute, Ahmedabad, on 11 November 1947 with support from the Karmkshetra Educational Foundation and the Ahmedabad Education Society. Kalpathi Ramakrishna Ramanathan was the first Director of the institute. The initial focus was research on cosmic rays and the properties of the upper atmosphere. Research areas were expanded to include theoretical physics and radio physics later with grants from the Atomic Energy Commission. He led the Sarabhai family-owned business conglomerate.

His interests varied from science to sports to statistics. He set up the Operations Research Group (ORG), the first market research organization in the country. Most notable among the many institutes he helped set up are the Nehru Foundation for Development in Ahmedabad, the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), and the Ahmedabad Textile Industry's Research Association (ATIRA). Along with his wife Mrinalini Sarabhai, he founded the Darpana Academy of Performing Arts. Other projects and institutions initiated or established by him include the Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) in Kalpakkam, Variable Energy Cyclotron Project in Calcutta, Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL) in Hyderabad and Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL) in Jaduguda, Jharkhand. Sarabhai started a project for the fabrication and launch of an Indian satellite. As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was put in orbit in 1975 from a Russian cosmodrome. He was the founder of Indian Space Research Organisation.

Death

On 30 December 1971, Sarabhai was to review the SLV design before his departure for Bombay the same night. He had spoken to A. P. J. Abdul Kalam on the telephone. Within an hour of the conversation, Sarabhai died at the age of 52 due to cardiac arrest in Trivandrum (now Thiruvananthapuram). His body was cremated in Ahmedabad.

Distinguished positions

• President of the Physics section,Indian Science Congress (1962)
• President of the General Conference of the I.A.E.A., Vienna (1970)
• Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India (1966–1971)
• Vice-president, Fourth UN Conference on 'Peaceful uses of Atomic Energy' (1971)
• Founder and Chairman (1963–1971), Space Applications Centre

Legacy

Sarabhai on a 1972 Indian stamp

• The Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, (VSSC), which is the Indian Space Research Organization's lead facility for launch vehicle development located in Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum), capital of Kerala state, is named in his memory.
• Along with other Ahmedabad-based industrialists, he played a major role in setting up of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad.
• Indian Postal Department released a commemorative Postal Stamp On his first death anniversary (30 December 1972)
• In 1973, the International Astronomical Union decided that a lunar crater, Bessel A, in the Sea of Serenity will be known as the Sarabhai crater.
• The lander on India's Moon mission Chandrayaan-2 which was to land near the South Pole of the Moon on Sep 20, 2019 was named Vikram in his honour.
• Vikram A Sarabhai Community Science Centre (VASCSC) located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat is named after him. Vikram Sarabhai established this institute around the 1960s.
• Former World Quiz Champion Vikram Joshi was named after him.
• A Space Museum was dedicated to him at B M Birla Science Centre, Hyderabad on 26 July 2019. The museum was curated by Pranav Sharma.
• ISRO's Vikas (rocket engine) is named after him.
• On his 100th birthday on 12 August 2019, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) announced an award in the name of Vikram Sarabhai. The Vikram Sarabhai Journalism award in Space Science Technology and Research will be given to those journalists who have contributed to the fields of space science, applications, and research.

In popular culture

On 12 August 2019, Google's Doodle for India commemorated Sarabhai's 100th birth anniversary. On 30 September 2020, ACK Media along with ISRO released a book namely, Vikram Sarabhai: Pioneering India's Space Programme. It was released in Amar Chitra Katha's digital platform and merchandise, ACK Comics.

A 2022 web-series Rocket Boys was based on the fictionalized lives of Sarabhai and Homi J. Bhabha, played by Ishwak Singh and Jim Sarbh respectively

In the 2022 film Rocketry: The Nambi Effect based on Nambi Narayanan's life, Sarabhai was played by Rajit Kapur in the Hindi version and by Ravi Raghavendra in the Tamil version.

References

Bibliography

• Shah, Amrita (2016) (in en). Vikram Sarabhai: A Life. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-93-86057-18-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=vIM_DAAAQBAJ. 

External links

• Interview with biographer Amrita Shah recorded in August 2013
• Great Scientists at freeindia.org

Government offices
Preceded by Position created	ISRO Chairman 1963–1971	Succeeded by M. G. K. Menon