Software:PRINT (command)
In computing, the print command
provides single-user print spooling capability in a number of operating systems. It is roughly similar to that provided by the UNIX System V lp and BSD lpr print spooler systems.
Implementations
The command is available in the DEC RT-11,[1] OS/8,[2] RSX-11,[3] TOPS-10,[4] and TOPS-20[5] operating systems and also in DR FlexOS,[6] DR DOS, TSL PC-MOS,[7] Paragon Technology PTS-DOS,[8] SISNE plus,[9] IBM OS/2,[10] eComStation, ArcaOS, Microsoft Windows, FreeDOS,[11] Stratus OpenVOS,[12] AROS,[13] HP MPE/iX,[14] and OpenVMS.[15]
The FreeDOS version was developed by James Tabor and is licensed under the GPL.[16]
DOS, OS/2, Windows
Background
The command was introduced in MS-DOS/IBM PC DOS 2.0.[17][18] DR DOS 6.0 includes an implementation of the PRINT command.[19]
In early versions of DOS, printing was accomplished using the copy command: the file to be printed was "copied" to the file representing the print device.[20] Control returned to the user when the print job completed.[21] Beginning with DOS 2.0,[22] the print command was included to allow basic print spooling: the ability to continue to use the computer while printing occurred in the background, and the ability to create a queue of jobs to be printed.[23]
Description
The print command allowed specifying one of many possible local printer interfaces,[23] and could make use of networked printers using the net command.[24] A maximum number of files and a maximum buffer size could be specified, and further command-line options allowed adding and removing files from the queue.[23] Margins, page lengths and number of copies could also be set,[25] as well as a parameter to adjust between favoring printing speed versus computer responsiveness.[23]
Retrospect
Users of the initial release of the print command commented on the slow print speed and high resource usage, as well as the lack of support for the newly introduced subdirectories.[22] The command was among the first RAM-resident programs and was the first to achieve widespread use, with many users disassembling the binary in order to determine how RAM-resident programs should be written.[21]
See also
References
- ↑ "RT-11 HELP FILE". http://paleoferrosaurus.com/beta/documents/rt11help.html#PRINT.
- ↑ "Concise Command Language" (CCL)."OS/8 Handbook". April 1974. http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dec/pdp8/os8/OS8_Handbook_Apr1974.pdf.
- ↑ John F. Pieper (1987). RSX A Guide for Users. Digital Equipment Corporation. ISBN 0-932376-90-8. http://www.rsx11m.com/rsxguide.pdf. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
- ↑ TOPS-10 Operating System Commands Manual. Digital Equipment Corporation. August 1980. http://scandocs.trailing-edge.com/tops10-aa-0916d-tb.pdf. Retrieved 2019-02-17.
- ↑ "TOPS-20 Command manual". http://www.textfiles.com/bitsavers/pdf/dec/pdp10/TOPS20/V6.1/AA-FP65A-TM_tops20CmdsRef.pdf.
- ↑ "FlexOS User's Guide". 1986. http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/digitalResearch/flexos/1073-2003_FlexOS_Users_Guide_V1.3_Nov86.pdf.
- ↑ "roelandjansen/pcmos386v501". 2 January 2022. https://github.com/roelandjansen/pcmos386v501.
- ↑ "PTS-DOS 2000 Pro User Manual". Buggingen, Germany: Paragon Technology GmbH. 1999. http://download.paragon-software.com/doc/manual_dos_eng.pdf.
- ↑ "SISNE plus - Referência Sumária". 14 May 2015. https://datassette.org/manuais/ibm-pc/sisne-plus-referencia-sumaria.
- ↑ "JaTomes Help - OS/2 Commands". http://www.jatomes.com/Help/Os2Cmd.php#PRINT.
- ↑ "ibiblio.org FreeDOS Group -- FreeDOS Base". http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/pc-stuff/freedos/files/distributions/1.2/repos/pkg-html/group-base.html.
- ↑ "Manual". http://stratadoc.stratus.com/vos/19.1.0/r098-19/wwhelp/wwhimpl/common/html/r098-19.pdf.
- ↑ "AROS Research Operating System". https://aros.sourceforge.io/documentation/users/shell/index.php.
- ↑ "MPE/iX Command Reference Manual". http://www.teamnaconsulting.com/compresources/pdfs/c01687363.pdf.
- ↑ "OpenVMS User's Manual". https://www.itec.suny.edu/scsys/vms/OVMSDOC073/v73/6489/6489pro_005.html.
- ↑ "ibiblio.org FreeDOS Package -- print (FreeDOS Base)". http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/micro/pc-stuff/freedos/files/distributions/1.2/repos/pkg-html/print.html.
- ↑ Paterson, Tim (2013-12-19). "Microsoft DOS V1.1 and V2.0: /msdos/v20source/PRINT.ASM". Computer History Museum, Microsoft. http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/microsoft-research-license-agreement-msdos-v1-1-v2-0/.
- ↑ Shustek, Len (2014-03-24). "Microsoft MS-DOS early source code". http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/microsoft-ms-dos-early-source-code/.
- ↑ "DR DOS 6.0 User Guide Optimisation and Configuration Tips". https://www.4corn.co.uk/archive/docs/DR%20DOS%206.0%20User%20Guide-opt.pdf.
- ↑ Dickinson, John (11 November 1986). "Mastering Your Printer's Options". PC Magazine: p. 363. https://books.google.com/books?id=VomWiyJuttsC&pg=PA363.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Rubenking, Neil J. (29 June 1993). "Moving PRINT.COM". PC Magazine. https://books.google.com/books?id=gCfzPMoPJWgC&pg=RA1-PA299.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Norton, Peter (July 1983). "The Dark Side of PC-DOS 2.0". PC Magazine: p. 290. https://books.google.com/books?id=V2588uIxmAQC&pg=PA290.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Cooper, Jim (2002). Using MS-DOS 6.22 (3rd ed.). Que. pp. 322–325. ISBN 0-7897-2573-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=u7oN-5y7nGsC&pg=PA324.
- ↑ Ivens, Kathy (2005). "Network Printing and MS-DOS". Home Networking Annoyances. O'Reilly. p. 117–118. ISBN 0-596-00808-2.
- ↑ Using the Xerox 9700 Page Printer. Memo 800. University of Michigan Computing Center. September 1988. p. 37. https://books.google.com/books?id=qIJQAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA7-PA36.
Further reading
- Special Edition Using MS-DOS 6.22, Third Edition. Que Publishing. 2001. ISBN 978-0789725738.
- Kathy Ivens; Brian Proffit (1993). OS/2 Inside & Out. Osborne McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0078818714.
- John Paul Mueller (2007). Windows Administration at the Command Line for Windows Vista, Windows 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0470165799.
External links
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