Numeral prefix

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Short description: Prefix derived from numerals or other numbers

Numeral or number prefixes are prefixes derived from numerals or occasionally other numbers. In English and many other languages, they are used to coin numerous series of words. For example:

  • unicycle, bicycle, tricycle (1-cycle, 2-cycle, 3-cycle)
  • dyad, triad (2 parts, 3 parts)
  • biped, quadruped (2 legs, 4 legs)
  • September, October, November, December (month 7, month 8, month 9, month 10)[upper-alpha 1]
  • decimal, hexadecimal (base-10, base-16)
  • septuagenarian, octogenarian (70–79 years old, 80–89 years old)
  • centipede, millipede (around 100 legs, around 1000 legs)

In many European languages there are two principal systems, taken from Latin and Greek, each with several subsystems; in addition, Sanskrit occupies a marginal position.[upper-alpha 2] There is also an international set of metric prefixes, which are used in the metric system and which for the most part are either distorted from the forms below or not based on actual number words.

Table of number prefixes in English

In the following prefixes, a final vowel is normally dropped before a root that begins with a vowel, with the exceptions of bi-, which is bis- before a vowel, and of the other monosyllables, du-, di-, dvi-, tri-, which are invariable.

The cardinal series are derived from cardinal numbers, such as the English one, two, three. The multiple series are based on adverbial numbers like the English once, twice, thrice. The distributive series originally meant one each, two each or one by one, two by two, etc., though that meaning is now frequently lost. The ordinal series are based on ordinal numbers such as the English first, second, third (for numbers higher than 2, the ordinal forms are also used for fractions; only the fraction ​1⁄2 has special forms).

For the hundreds, there are competing forms: those in -gent-, from the original Latin, and those in -cent-, derived from centi-, etc. plus the prefixes for 1–9.

Many of the items in the following tables are not in general use, but may rather be regarded as coinages by individuals. In scientific contexts, either scientific notation or SI prefixes are used to express very large or very small numbers, and not unwieldy prefixes.

The same suffix may be used with more than one series:

Ordinal numbers primary secondary tertiary quartary
[citation needed]		 quintary sextary septimary octavary nonary decimary
Distributive numbers singulary
 binary ternary, trinary quaternary quinary senary septenary octonary novenary denary
Number prefixes in English
Number Latin Greek[upper-alpha 3] Sanskrit[upper-alpha 2]
Cardinal Multiple Distributive Ordinal Cardinal Multiple,
proportional, or
quantitative		 Ordinal
0 nulli- nullesim- miden-, ouden-  - medeproto-, oudeproto- shūnya-
​1⁄12 unci-[1]  – For fractions, Greek uses ordinals (i.e. dodecato-)  –
​1⁄8 octant-  –  –  – As above; ogdoö–  –
​1⁄6 sextant-  –  –  – As above; hecto-  –
​1⁄5 quintant-  –  –  – As above; Pempto–  –
​1⁄4 quadrant-  –  –  – As above; tetarto–  –
​1⁄3 trient-  –  –  – As above; trito–  –
​1⁄2 semi-  – demi-[upper-alpha 4]  – hemi- ("half")[lower-alpha 1]  –  –  –
​3⁄4 dodrant-  –  –  –  –  –
1 uni-[lower-alpha 2]
sol-[upper-alpha 5][lower-alpha 3]		 sim-[upper-alpha 6] singul- prim- mono- ("one", "alone")[lower-alpha 4]
holo- ("entire", "full")[lower-alpha 5]
hen-[upper-alpha 7] rare		 mono- ("one, alone")
hapax- ("once")
haplo-[upper-alpha 7] ("single")
monad- ("one of a kind", "unique", "unit")		 prot-[2][lower-alpha 6]

protaio- ("[every] first day")

eka- [3]
​1 1⁄4  – quasqui-[lower-alpha 7]  –  –  –  –  –  –
​1 1⁄2  – sesqui-[lower-alpha 8]  –  –  –  –  –  –
2 du- bi-, bis-[lower-alpha 9] bin- second- di-, dy-,[4] duo-, dyo- dis-[5] ("twice") common
dyakis- ("twice") rare
diplo- ("double")
dyad- ("two of a
kind")		 deuter-[6][lower-alpha 10]
deuteraio- ("[every] second day")		 dvi-[7]
​2 1⁄2  – semiquin-[lower-alpha 11]  –  –  –  –  –  –
3 tri-[lower-alpha 12] ter- tern-, trin- terti- tri-[lower-alpha 13] tris-[8] ("thrice") common
triakis- ("thrice") rare
triplo- ("triple")
triad- ("three of a kind")		 trit-[9] ("third")[lower-alpha 14]
tritaio- ("[every] third day") 		tri-[10]
4 quadri-, quadru-[upper-alpha 8] quater-[11] quatern-[12] quart-[13] tetra-, tessara- tetrakis- ("four times")
tetraplo- ("quadruple")
tetrad- ("four of a kind")[lower-alpha 15]		 tetarto- ("fourth")
tetartaio-
("[every] fourth day")		 catur-[14]
5 quinque-[15]  – quin-[16] quint-[17] penta- pentakis-
pentaplo-
pentad-[lower-alpha 16]		 pempt-[18]
pemptaio-		 pañca-[19]
6 sexa-[upper-alpha 9]  – sen-[20] sext-[21] hexa-[22] hexakis-
hexaplo-
hexad-[lower-alpha 17]		 hect-[23]
hectaio-		 ṣaṭ-[24]
7 septem-, septi-[lower-alpha 18] septen-[25] septim- hepta-[26][lower-alpha 19] heptakis-
heptaplo-
heptad-		 hebdomo- ("seventh")
hebdomaio- ("seventh day")[lower-alpha 20]		 sapta-[27]
8 octo-[lower-alpha 21]  – octon-[28] octav-[29] octo-[lower-alpha 22] octakis-
octaplo-
octad-[lower-alpha 23]		 ogdoö-
ogdoaio-		 aṣṭa-
9 novem-[lower-alpha 24] noven- nona- ennea-[30] enneakis-
enneaplo-
ennead-		 enat-[31]
enataio-		 nava-
10 decem-, dec-[lower-alpha 25] den-[32] decim-[33] deca-[34][lower-alpha 26] decakis-
decaplo-
decad-		 decat-[35]
decataio-		 dasha-
11 undec- unden-[36] undecim-[37] hendeca-[38] hendeca/kis/plo/d- hendecat-[39]/o/aio- ekadasha-
12 duodec- duoden-[lower-alpha 27] duodecim- dodeca-[40][lower-alpha 28] dodeca/kis/plo/d- dodecat-[41]/o/aio- dvadasha-
13 tredec- treden- tredecim- tria(kai)deca-, decatria-[lower-alpha 29] tris(kai)decakis-,
decatria/kis/plo/d-		 decatotrito-
etc.		 trayodasha-
14 quattuordec- quattuorden- quattuordecim-
quartadecim-		 tessara(kai)deca-, decatettara-, decatessara- tetra(kai)decakis-,
decatetra/kis/plo/d-[lower-alpha 30]		 decatotetarto- chaturdasha-
15 quinquadec-, quindec-[42] quinden-[43] quindecim-[44]
quintadecim-		 pente(kai)deca-, decapente- penta(kai)decakis-,
decapentakis- etc.		 decatopempto- panchadasha-
16 sedec-,[45] sexdec-

(but hybrid hexadecimal)

seden- sedecim-
sextadecim-		 hexa(kai)deca-,
hekkaideca-,
decahex-		 hexa(kai)decakis-,
decahexakis- etc.		 decatohecto- shodasha-
17 septendec- septenden- septendecim-
septimadecim-		 hepta(kai)deca-,
decahepta-		 hepta(kai)decakis-,
decaheptakis- etc.		 decatohebdomo- saptadasha-
18 octodec- octoden- octodecim-
duodevicesim-		 octo(kai)deca-,
decaocto-		 octa(kai)decakis-,
decaoctakis- etc.		 decatoogdoö- ashtadasha-
19 novemdec-, novendec-
undeviginti-		 novemden-
novenden-		 novemdecim-
novendecim-
undevisim-		 ennea(kai)deca-, decaennea- ennea(kai)decakis-,
decaenneakis- etc.		 decatoenato- navadasha-
20[upper-alpha 10] viginti- vicen-, vigen- vigesim- (e)icosi- eicosa/kis/plo/d-[lower-alpha 31] eicosto- vimshati-
22 duovigint- (e)icosidyo-, dyo(e)icosi- rare[lower-alpha 32] (e)icosidyakis-
(e)icosidiplo-
(e)icosidyad-		 eicostodeutero-  –
24 quattuorvigint- (e)icositettara-, (e)icosikaitettara-
rare		 (e)icositetrakis-
(e)icositetraplo-
(e)icositetrad-[lower-alpha 33]		 eicostotetarto- chaturvimshati-
25 quinvigint- (e)icosipente-[lower-alpha 34] (e)icosipentakis-
(e)icosipentaplo-
(e)icosipentad-		 eicostopempto-  –
30 triginti- tricen- trigesim- triaconta- triacontakis- etc.[lower-alpha 35] triacosto- trimshat-
31 untriginti- triacontahen- triacontahenakis-
triacontahenaplo-
triacontahenad-		 triacostoproto-
triacostoprotaio-		  –
40 quadraginti- quadragen- quadragesim- tettaraconta-,
tessaraconta-		 tettaracontakis-,
tessaracontakis- etc.		 tessaracosto- chatvarimshat-
50 quinquaginti-[46] quinquagen-[47] quinquagesim-[48] penteconta-[lower-alpha 36] pentecontakis- etc. pentecosto-[lower-alpha 37] panchashat-
60 sexaginti- sexagen- sexagesim- hexeconta- hexecontakis- etc. hexecosto- shasti-
70 septuaginti-[lower-alpha 38] septuagen- septuagesim-[49] hebdomeconta- hebdomecontakis- etc. hebdomecosto- saptati-
80 octogint- octogen- octogesim- ogdoëconta- ogdoëcontakis- etc. ogdoëcosto- ashiti-
90 nonagint- nonagen- nonagesim- eneneconta- enenecontakis- etc. enenecosto- navati-
100 centi- centen- centesim- hecato(n)- hecatontakis-
hundred times
hecatontaplo-
hundred-multiple
hecatontad-
hundred of a kind
also abbreviated in
hec[aton]tad-		 hecatosto-
hundredth
hecatostaio-
the hundredth day		 shata–
120 viginticenti-  –  – hecaton(e)icosi- hecaton(e)icosakis- etc. hecatostoeicosto-  –
150  – sesquicenten-[lower-alpha 39]  –  –  –  –  –
200 ducenti- ducen-, bicenten- ducentesim- diacosia- diacosakis- etc. diacosiosto-  –
250  – semiquincenten-[lower-alpha 40]  –  –  –  –  –
300 trecenti- trecen-, tercenten-, tricenten- trecentesim- triacosia- etc. triacosakis-
triacosaplo-
triacosad-		 triacosiosto-  –
400 quadringenti- quadringen-, quatercenten-, quadricenten- quadringentesim- tetracosia- tetracosakis- etc. tetracosiosto-  –
500 quingent-,[50] quincent-[51] quingen-,[52] quingenten-, quincenten- quingentesim-[53] pentacosia- pentacosakis- etc. pentacosiosto-  –
600 sescenti-, sexcenti- sescen-, sexcenten- sescentesim- hexacosia- hexacosakis- etc. hexacosiosto-  –
700 septingenti- septingen-, septingenten-, septcenten- septingentesim- heptacosia- heptacosakis- etc. heptacosiosto-  –
800 octingenti- octingen-, octingenten-, octocenten- octingentesim- octacosia- octacosakis- etc. octacosiosto-  –
900 nongenti- nongen- nongentesim- ennacosi-[54]
derived from
en(n)iacosia-,
a pejoration of
enneacosia-		 enneacosakis- etc. enacosiost-,[55]
alt. spelling
en(n)iacosiost(o)-
a pejoration of
enneacosiosto-		  –
1000 milli- millen- millesim- chili-,[56] kilo- chiliakis-
chiliaplo-
chiliad-		 chiliost-[57] sahasra–
2000 duomilli  –  – dischili-[58] dischiliakis- etc. dischiliosto-  –
3000 tremilli- trischili-[59]  – trischiliost-[60]  –
5000 quinmilli– pentacischili-[61]  –  –  –
10000 decamilli– myria-,[62][lower-alpha 41] decakischilia- myriakis-
myriaplo-
myriad-
decakischiliakis- etc.		 myriast-,[63]
decakischiliosto-		 ayuta–
80000 octogintmilli– octacismyri-[64]  –  –  –
105 centimilli– decakismyria-, hecatontakischilia- decakismyriakis-,
hecatontakischiliakis-		 etc. laksha–
106  – hecatommyria-
(see also mega-)		 hecatommyriakis-
("a million times")
hecatommyriaplo-
(million-multiple)
hecatommyriad-
(a million of a kind)		 hecatommyriosto-
(ranked millionth;
also one piece of
a million [fraction] see above in
fractions)
hecatommyriostaio-
("the millionth day")		  –
∞ infini- apeiro-
Few pauci-[lower-alpha 42]  – oligo-[lower-alpha 43]  –  –  –
Many
(> 1)		 multi-, pluri-[lower-alpha 44]  – poly-[lower-alpha 45] pollakis- (many times)
pollaplo- (multiple)
plethos- (many of a kind)[lower-alpha 46]		 pollosto-
(rank/order of many [manieth])		 bahut–
Examples
  1. ↑ e.g. hemisphere
  2. ↑ e.g. universe, unilateral
  3. ↑ e.g. solo, soliloquy
  4. ↑ e.g. monogamy
  5. ↑ e.g. holocaust, holography
  6. ↑ e.g. proton, protozoa
  7. ↑ e.g. quasquicentennial
  8. ↑ e.g. sesquicentennial, sesquipedalian
  9. ↑ e.g. bireme, bilingual, bipolar, bipartisan
  10. ↑ e.g. Deuteron/ium, Deuteronomy
  11. ↑ e.g. semiquincentennial
  12. ↑ e.g. trireme
  13. ↑ e.g. triathlon, Tripolis
  14. ↑ e.g. Triton/ium
  15. ↑ e.g. tetrahedron
  16. ↑ e.g. pentahedron
  17. ↑ e.g. hexahedron
  18. ↑ e.g. September
  19. ↑ e.g. heptathlon
  20. ↑ e.g. hebdomas
  21. ↑ e.g. October
  22. ↑ e.g. octopus
  23. ↑ e.g. octahedron
  24. ↑ e.g. November
  25. ↑ e.g. December
  26. ↑ e.g. decathlon, decahedron, decagon
  27. ↑ e.g. duodenum
  28. ↑ e.g. dodecahedron
  29. ↑ e.g. triskaidekaphobia
  30. ↑ e.g. tetradecahedron/
    decatetrahedron
  31. ↑ e.g. (e)icosahedron
  32. ↑ e.g. docosa-hexaenoic acid (a pejoration of dyoicosa-hexanoic)
  33. ↑ e.g. (e)icositetragon
  34. ↑ e.g. eicosapenta-enoic acid
  35. ↑ e.g. triacontahedron
  36. ↑ e.g. penteconter
  37. ↑ e.g. pentecost
  38. ↑ e.g. Septuagint
  39. ↑ e.g. sesquicentennial
  40. ↑ e.g. semiquincentennial
  41. ↑ e.g. myriapoda
  42. ↑ e.g. pauciparous
  43. ↑ e.g. oligopoly, oligarchy, oligomer, oligonucleotide, oligopeptide, oligosaccharide
  44. ↑ e.g. multilingual, multiple, pluripotent, pluricentric
  45. ↑ e.g. polyhedra, polygamy, polypod, polyglot, polymath, polymer
  46. ↑ e.g. plethora

Occurrences

  • Numerical prefixes occur in 19th-, 20th-, and 21st-century coinages, mainly the terms that are used in relation to or that are the names of technological innovations, such as hexadecimal and bicycle. Also used in medals that commemorate an anniversary, such as sesquicentennial (150 years), centennial (100 years), or bicentennial (200 years).
  • They occur in constructed words such as systematic names. Systematic names use numerical prefixes derived from Greek, with one principal exception, nona-.
  • They occur as prefixes to units of measure in the SI system. See SI prefix.
  • They occur as prefixes to units of computer data. See binary prefixes.
  • They occur in words in the same languages as the original number word, and their respective derivatives. (Strictly speaking, some of the common citations of these occurrences are not in fact occurrences of the prefixes. For example: millennium is not formed from milli-, but is in fact derived from the same shared Latin root – mille.)

Because of the common inheritance of Greek and Latin roots across the Romance languages, the import of much of that derived vocabulary into non-Romance languages (such as into English via Norman French), and the borrowing of 19th and 20th century coinages into many languages, the same numerical prefixes occur in many languages.

Numerical prefixes are not restricted to denoting integers. Some of the SI prefixes denote negative powers of 10, i.e. division by a multiple of 10 rather than multiplication by it. Several common-use numerical prefixes denote vulgar fractions.

Words containing non-technical numerical prefixes are usually not hyphenated. This is not an absolute rule, however, and there are exceptions (for example: quarter-deck occurs in addition to quarterdeck). There are no exceptions for words comprising technical numerical prefixes, though. Systematic names and words comprising SI prefixes and binary prefixes are not hyphenated, by definition.

Nonetheless, for clarity, dictionaries list numerical prefixes in hyphenated form, to distinguish the prefixes from words with the same spellings (such as duo- and duo).

Several technical numerical prefixes are not derived from words for numbers. (mega- is not derived from a number word, for example.) Similarly, some are only derived from words for numbers inasmuch as they are word play. (Peta- is word play on penta-, for example. See its etymology for details.)

The root language of a numerical prefix need not be related to the root language of the word that it prefixes. Some words comprising numerical prefixes are hybrid words.

In certain classes of systematic names, there are a few other exceptions to the rule of using Greek-derived numerical prefixes. The IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry, for example, uses the numerical prefixes derived from Greek, except for the prefix for 9 (as mentioned) and the prefixes from 1 to 4 (meth-, eth-, prop-, and but-), which are not derived from words for numbers. These prefixes were invented by the IUPAC, deriving them from the pre-existing names for several compounds that it was intended to preserve in the new system: methane (via methyl, which is in turn from the Greek word for wine), ethane (from ethyl coined by Justus von Liebig in 1834), propane (from propionic, which is in turn from pro- and the Greek word for fat), and butane (from butyl, which is in turn from butyric, which is in turn from the Latin word for butter).

Cardinal Latin series

Distributive Latin series

  • unary, binary, trinary, quaternary, quinary, senary, ... vicenary ... centenary ...
  • denarian, vicenarian, tricenarian, quadragenarian, quinquagenarian, sexagenarian, septuagenarian, octogenarian, nonagenarian, centenarian, ... millenarian

Greek series

Mixed language series

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ These months' prefixes originated with the early Roman 10-month calendar. See Roman Calendar.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 See Mendeleev's predicted elements for the most common use of Sanskrit numerical prefixes.
  3. ↑ The numbering adjectives in Greek are inflectional for grammatical gender (i.e. there is monos [masculine for single/alone], mone [feminine for single/alone] and monon [neuter for single/alone]), grammatical case (i.e. nominative, genitive, etc.) and grammatical number (singular/plural). The prefixes are produced from the default grammatical type (masculine/nominative/singular).
  4. ↑ Demi- is French, from Latin dimidium.
  5. ↑ sol (sōlus) is more appropriately a Latin root for ("only", "oneself").
  6. ↑ sim- (sin-) is found in the words simplex, simple.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 The Greek prefix for 'one' is normally mono- 'alone'. Hen- 'one' is only used in compound numbers (hendeka- 11) and a few words like henad (= monad). Haplo- 'single' is found is a few technical words such as haploid.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 The forms related to quattuor "four", like the previous three integers, are irregular in Latin and other Indo-European languages, and the details, while presumably a form of assimilation, are unclear. Andrew Sihler, New comparative grammar of Greek and Latin, p. 412, and Carl Darling Buck, Comparative grammar of Greek and Latin. In particular, quadri- has the alternate form quadru- before p in some Latin words, such as quadruple.
  9. ↑ Sometimes Greek hexa- is used in Latin compounds, such as hexadecimal, due to taboo avoidance with the English word sex.
  10. ↑ For Latinate 21, 22, etc., the pattern for the teens is followed: unvigint-, duovigint-, etc. For higher numbers, the reverse order may be found: 36 is trigintisex-. For Greek, the word kai ("and") is used: icosikaihena-, icosikaidi-, pentacontakaipenta-, etc. In these and in the tens, the kai is frequently omitted, though not in triskaidekaphobia. (The inconsistency of triskaidekaphobia with the table above is explained by the fact that the Greek letter kappa can be transliterated either "c" or "k".) In chemical nomenclature, 11 is generally mixed Latin-Greek undeca-, and the 20s are based on -cos-, for example tricos- for 23.
  11. ↑ In organic chemistry, most prefixes are Greek but the prefixes for 9 and 11 are Latin.

References

  1. ↑ uncia. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  2. ↑ πρῶτος. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
  3. ↑ Template:MWSD
  4. ↑ δύο
  5. ↑ δίς
  6. ↑ δεύτερος
  7. ↑ Template:MWSD
  8. ↑ τρίς
  9. ↑ τρίτος
  10. ↑ Template:MWSD
  11. ↑ "quăter". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D5%3Aentry%3Dquater. 
  12. ↑ "quăterni". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D5%3Aentry%3Dquaterni. 
  13. ↑ "quartus". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dquartus. 
  14. ↑ Template:MWSD
  15. ↑ "quinque". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dquinque1. 
  16. ↑ "quīni". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dquini. 
  17. ↑ "quintus". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dquintus1. 
  18. ↑ πέμπτος
  19. ↑ Template:MWSD
  20. ↑ "sēni". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dseni. 
  21. ↑ "sextus". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dsextus1. 
  22. ↑ "Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ἕξ". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=e(/c. 
  23. ↑ ἕκτος
  24. ↑ Template:MWSD
  25. ↑ "septēni". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dsepteni. 
  26. ↑ ἑπτά
  27. ↑ Template:MWSD
  28. ↑ "octōni". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Doctoni. 
  29. ↑ "octāvus". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Doctavus. 
  30. ↑ ἐννέα
  31. ↑ ἔνατος
  32. ↑ "dēni". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Ddeni. 
  33. ↑ "dĕcĭmus". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Ddecimus1. 
  34. ↑ δέκα
  35. ↑ δέκατος
  36. ↑ "undēni". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DU%3Aentry+group%3D4%3Aentry%3Dundeni. 
  37. ↑ "undĕcĭmus". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dundecimus. 
  38. ↑ ἕνδεκα
  39. ↑ ἑνδέκατος
  40. ↑ δώδεκα
  41. ↑ δωδέκατος
  42. ↑ "quindĕcim". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dquindecim. 
  43. ↑ "quindēni". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dquindeni. 
  44. ↑ "quindĕcĭmus". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dquindecimus. 
  45. ↑ "sēdĕcim". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dsedecim. 
  46. ↑ "quinquāginta". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dquinquaginta. 
  47. ↑ "quinquāgēni". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dquinquageni. 
  48. ↑ "quinquāgēsĭmus". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dquinquagesimus. 
  49. ↑ "Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, S, septĭfārĭam, septŭāgēsimus". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:alphabetic+letter=S:entry+group=34:entry=septuagesimus. 
  50. ↑ "quingenti". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dquingenti. 
  51. ↑ "quincenti". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dquincenti. 
  52. ↑ "quingēni". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dquingeni. 
  53. ↑ "quingentēsĭmus". https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DQ%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dquingentesimus. 
  54. ↑ ἐννακόσιοι
  55. ↑ ἐνακοσιοστός
  56. ↑ χίλιοι
  57. ↑ χιλιοστός
  58. ↑ δισχίλιοι
  59. ↑ τρισχίλιοι
  60. ↑ τρισχιλιοστός
  61. ↑ πεντακισχίλιοι
  62. ↑ μυρίος
  63. ↑ μυριαστός
  64. ↑ ὀκτακισμύριοι

Bibliography



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