Biography:Fraser Stoddart

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Sir

Fraser Stoddart

FRS FRSE HonFRSC
Stoddart in 2016
Born
James Fraser Stoddart

(1942-05-24)24 May 1942
Edinburgh, Scotland
Died30 December 2024(2024-12-30) (aged 82)
Melbourne, Australia
CitizenshipUnited Kingdom
United States
Alma materUniversity of Edinburgh (BSc, PhD)
Known forMechanical Bond in Chemistry
Molecular shuttles and Molecular switches
Artificial Molecular Machines
Template-Directed Synthesis
Chemical Topology
Stereochemistry
Metal-Organic Frameworks
Cyclodextrin Chemistry
Spouse(s)
Norma Agnes Scholan
(m. 1968; her death 2004)
[1][2][3]
Children2
Awards
  • Fellow of the Royal Society of London (1994)[4]
  • Nagoya Gold Medal in Organic Chemistry (2004)
  • King Faisal Prize (2007)
  • Albert Einstein World Award of Science (2007)
  • Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology (2007)
  • Knight Bachelor (2007)
  • Arthur C. Cope Award (2008)
  • Davy Medal by The Royal Society of London (2008)
  • Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2008)
  • Member of the National Academy of Sciences (2014)
  • Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2016)[5]
  • Fellow of The National Academy of Inventors (2019)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysical Organic Chemistry
Lock-and-Key Chemistry
Unnatural Product Synthesis
Molecular Nanotechnology
InstitutionsQueen's University (1967–1969)
University of Sheffield (1970–1990)
ICI Corporate Laboratory, Runcorn (1978–1981)
University of Birmingham (1990–1997)
University of California, Los Angeles (1997–2007)
Northwestern University (2008)
Tianjin University (2014)
University of New South Wales (2018)
University of Hong Kong (2023)
Theses
Doctoral advisor
  • Edmund Langley Hirst[6]
  • Douglas M W Anderson[6]
Other academic advisors
  • J K N (Ken) Jones FRS
  • W David Ollis FRS
Notable studentsDavid Leigh Narayanaswamy Jayaraman[7]
Douglas Philp
Websitestoddart.northwestern.edu
President Barack Obama greets the 2016 American Nobel Prize winners in the Oval Office, 30 November 2016, Sir J. Fraser Stoddart (2nd right), Laureate of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Crystal structure of a rotaxane with a cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) macrocycle reported by Stoddart and coworkers in the Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1998, 2565–2571.
Crystal structure of a catenane with a cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) macrocycle reported by Stoddart and coworkers in the Chem. Commun., 1991, 634–639.
Crystal structure of molecular Borromean rings reported by Stoddart and coworkers Science 2004, 304, 1308–1312.

Sir James Fraser Stoddart, FRS FRSE HonFRSC[4] (24 May 1942 – 30 December 2024) was a British-American chemist who was Chair Professor in Chemistry at the University of Hong Kong.[8] He was the Board of Trustees Professor of Chemistry and head of the Stoddart Mechanostereochemistry Group in the Department of Chemistry at Northwestern University in the United States.[9] He worked in the area of supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology. Stoddart developed highly efficient syntheses of mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures such as molecular Borromean rings, catenanes and rotaxanes utilising molecular recognition and molecular self-assembly processes. He demonstrated that these topologies can be employed as molecular switches.[10] His group has even applied these structures in the fabrication of nanoelectronic devices and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS).[11] His efforts were recognized by numerous awards, including the 2007 King Faisal International Prize in Science.[12][13][14] He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Ben Feringa and Jean-Pierre Sauvage in 2016 for the design and synthesis of molecular machines.[5][15][16][17][18]

Early life and education

Fraser Stoddart was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on 24 May 1942,[1] the only child of Tom and Jean Stoddart.[19][20] He was brought up as a tenant farmer on Edgelaw Farm, a small community consisting of three families. Sir Fraser professed a passion for jigsaw puzzles and construction toys in his formative years, which he believed was the basis for his interest in molecular construction.[21]

Stoddart received early schooling at the local village school in Carrington, Midlothian, before going on to Melville College in Edinburgh.[22][23] He started at the University of Edinburgh in 1960 where he initially studied chemistry, physics and mathematics.[19] He was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry in 1964 followed by a Doctor of Philosophy in 1966[24] for research on natural gums in Acacias supervised by Sir Edmund Langley Hirst and D M W Anderson[6] from the University of Edinburgh.[25]

Career

In 1967, Stoddart went to Queen's University (Canada) as a National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellow. In 1970 he moved to the University of Sheffield as an Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) Research Fellow, before joining the academic staff as a lecturer in chemistry. In early 1978 he was a Science Research Council Senior Visiting Fellow at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Later in 1978, he was transferred to the ICI Corporate Laboratory in Runcorn, England where he first started investigating the mechanically interlocked molecules that would eventually become molecular machines.[26] At the end of the three year secondment he returned to Sheffield[27] where he was promoted to a Readership in 1982.

Stoddart was awarded a Doctor of Science degree from the University of Edinburgh in 1980[28] for his research into stereochemistry beyond the molecule. In 1990, he moved to the Chair of Organic Chemistry at the University of Birmingham and was Head of the School of Chemistry there (1993–97) before moving to UCLA as the Saul Winstein Professor of Chemistry in 1997, succeeding Nobel laureate Donald Cram.[14][29]

In July 2002, Stoddart became the Acting Co-Director of the California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI). In May 2003, he became the Fred Kavli Chair of NanoSystems Sciences and served from then through August 2007 as the Director of the CNSI.[29]

In 2008, Stoddart established the Mechanostereochemistry Group and was named Board of Trustees Professor in Chemistry at Northwestern University.[30] He went on to be the Director of the Center for the Chemistry of Integrated Systems (CCIS) at Northwestern University in 2010.[31]

In 2017, Stoddart was appointed a part-time position at the University of New South Wales to establish his New Chemistry initiative at the UNSW School of Chemistry.[32]

In 2019, Stoddart introduced a skincare brand called Noble Panacea.[33]

In 2021, Stoddart co-founded a startup called H2MOF, dedicated to solving the challenges associated with hydrogen storage and transportation.[34]

In 2023, Stoddart joined the University of Hong Kong as Chair Professor of Chemistry.[8]

During 35 years, nearly 300 PhD students and postdoctoral researchers have been trained in his laboratories.[22]

Research

Stoddart is one of only a few chemists of the past quarter century to have pioneered a new field in organic chemistry. By establishing a new field where the main feature is mechanical bonds, he paved the way for molecular recognition, self-assembly processes for template-directed mechanically interlocked syntheses, molecular switches, and motor-molecules. These advances have formed the basis of the fields of nanoelectronic devices, nanoelectromechanical systems, and molecular machines.[35][5]

One of his major contributions to the development of mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures such as rotaxanes and catenanes was the establishment of efficient synthetic protocols based on the binding of cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) with electron-rich aromatic guests.[36] His group reported the synthesis of an advanced mechanically interlocked molecular architecture called molecular Borromean rings through the use of dynamic covalent chemistry.[37] The efficient procedures developed to synthesize these molecular architectures was applied to the construction of molecular switches that operate based on the movement of the various components with respect to one another. These interlocked molecules have potential uses as molecular sensors, actuators, amplifiers, and molecular switches, and can be controlled chemically, electrically, and optically.[38]

His work bridged the gap between chemistry and the scientific and engineering challenges of nanoelectromechanical systems."[39]

Stoddart pioneered the use of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures to create nanomechanical systems.[40][41] He has demonstrated that such devices can be fabricated using a combination of the bottom-up approach of molecular self-assembly and a top-down approach of lithography and microfabrication.[42]

The credit for making molecular machines attractive to chemists goes to Fraser Stoddart, (... who) had the vision to realise that these architectures gave you the possibility of large amplitude-controlled motions, and that that could be the basis of molecular machines.

— David Leigh.[40]

Presentation style

External video
170px
"Fraser Stoddart: Mingling Art with Science", STE[+a]M Connect
"The Beauty and Promise of Molecular Nanotechnology", PSW Science
"Fraser Stoddart on Molecular Assembly", 1990, University of Birmingham

Stoddart's papers and other material are instantly recognizable due to a distinctive "cartoon"-style of representation he developed beginning in the late 1980s. A solid circle is often placed in the middle of the aromatic rings of the molecular structures he has reported, and different colours to highlight different parts of the molecules. The different colours usually correspond to the different parts of a cartoon representation of the molecule, but are also used to represent specific molecular properties (blue, for example, is used to represent electron-poor recognition units while red is used to represent the corresponding electron-rich recognition units). The distinctive colouring has led to coining the term 'little blue box' for the cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene); an important π-acceptor used to synthesize mechanically bonded structures.[26] Stoddart maintains this standardized colour scheme across all of his publications and presentations, and his style has been adopted by other researchers reporting mechanically interlocked molecules based on his syntheses.[43][44]

ISI ratings

As of 2024 Stoddart had an h-index of 168.[45][46] As of 2023 he had published more than 1200 publications.[47]

Personal life and death

Stoddart was an American and British citizen. He was married to Norma Agnes Scholan from 1968[1][2][3] until her death in 2004 from cancer.[26] They had two daughters: Fiona Jane and Alison Margaret.[1] Norma Stoddart obtained a PhD in biochemistry and helped support the research efforts of her husband at the Universities of Sheffield, Birmingham, and California, Los Angeles.[48]

On 30 December 2024, Stoddart died from cardiac arrest at a hotel in Melbourne, Australia, where he was visiting his daughter, at the age of 82.[49][50][51][52][53]

Philanthropy

The Fraser and Norma Stoddart Prize for PhD students was established at their alma mater, the University of Edinburgh.[2] It was first awarded in 2013.[54]

Awards and honours

Stoddart was appointed a Knight Bachelor in the New Year's Honours December 2006, by Queen Elizabeth II for Services to Chemistry and Molecular Nanotechnology.[27][55]

In 2007, he received the Albert Einstein World Award of Science in recognition for his outstanding and pioneering work in molecular recognition and self-assembly, and the introduction of quick and efficient template-directed synthetic routes to mechanically interlocked molecular compounds, which have changed the way chemists think about molecular switches and machines.[56]

In 2016, he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Ben Feringa and Jean-Pierre Sauvage for the design and synthesis of molecular machines.[5][12]

Memberships

  • 2014 Membership, National Academy of Sciences, US[57]
  • 2012 Fellowship, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, US[58]
  • 2011 Honorary Fellowship, Royal Society of Chemistry, UK[59]
  • 2008 Honorary Fellowship, Royal Society of Edinburgh, UK[60]
  • 2006 Appointed Knight Bachelor by HM Queen Elizabeth II, UK[55]
  • 2006 Foreign membership, Science Division of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences[61]
  • 2005 Fellowship, American Association for the Advancement of Science, US[62]
  • 1999 Fellowship, Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, Germany[63]
  • 1994 Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London, UK[4]

Other awards and honours

  • 2018 Fray International Sustainability Award [64]
  • 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
  • 2016 Haworth Memorial Lectureship, Royal Society of Chemistry[65][66]
  • 2014 Centenary Prize Winner, Royal Society of Chemistry[67]
  • 2012 Distinguished Citizen Award, Illinois Saint Andrew Society, Chicago, US
  • 2010 Royal Medal of the Royal Society of Edinburgh presented by Duke of Edinburgh[68][69]
  • 2008 Davy Medal of the Royal Society of London[39]
  • 2008 American Chemical Society Arthur C. Cope Award[70]
  • 2007 Feynman Prize in Nanotechnology (Experimental)[71]
  • 2007 Albert Einstein World Award of Science[56]
  • 2007 Tetrahedron Prize for Creativity in Organic Chemistry[72]
  • 2007 King Faisal International Prize in Science[13][14]
  • 2007 Jabir Ibn Hayyan (Geber) Medal (Saudi Chemical Society)
  • 2005 University of Edinburgh Alumnus of the Year 2005 Award[73]
  • 2004 Nagoya Gold Medal in Organic Chemistry[74]
  • 1999 American Chemical Society Arthur C Cope Scholar Award[75]
  • 1993 International Izatt-Christensen Award in Macrocyclic Chemistry[76]
Preceded by
Colin Blakemore 		Honorary President of the World Cultural Council
2022 – 2024 		Succeeded by
Omar M. Yaghi

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 ",". Who's Who. 1997 (online Oxford University Press ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U36360.  (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Alumnus Presents New Prize for PhD Students". http://www.chem.ed.ac.uk/alumni/get-informed/newsletter-issue-5/alumnus-presents-new-prize-phd-students. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Norma Stoddart (Obituary)". The Scotsman. 16 February 2004. http://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/norma-stoddart-1-513988. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Anon (1994). "Sir James Stoddart FRS". London: Royal Society. https://royalsociety.org/people/james-stoddart-12357/.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where:

    All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." --"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Staff (5 October 2016). "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016". Nobel Foundation. https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2016/press.html. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "James Fraser Stoddart: Curriculum Vitae, Full Version". http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Fraser_Stoddart/Stoddart%20CV%20full.pdf. 
  7. ↑ "2009 winner of the RSC Merck Award". Royal Society of Chemistry. http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/MerckAward/2009winner.asp. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Nobel Laureate Professor Sir Fraser Stoddart joins HKU as Chair Professor of Chemistry – All News – Media – HKU". https://www.hku.hk/press/news_detail_26533.html. 
  9. ↑ "Nanotechnology Star Fraser Stoddart to Join Northwestern". NewsCenter. Northwestern University. 16 August 2007. http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2007/08/stoddart.html. 
  10. ↑ A. Coskun, M. Banaszak, R. D. Astumian, J. F. Stoddart, B. A. Grzybowski, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012, 41, 19–30
  11. ↑ A. Coskun, J. M. Spruell, G. Barin, W. R. Dichtel, A. H. Flood, Y. Y. Botros, J. F. Stoddart. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012, 41 (14), 4827–59.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 The Scientists' Channel. "Sir James Fraser Stoddart" (in en-GB). https://www.thescientistschannel.com/sir-james-fraser-stoddart. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Stoddart Wins King Faisal International Prize". Chemical & Engineering News 85 (12): 71. 19 March 2007. http://cen.acs.org/articles/85/i12/Stoddart-Wins-King-Faisal-International.html?type=paidArticleContent. Retrieved 26 May 2016. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "Fraser Stoddart is awarded the 2007 King Faisal International Prize for Science". 17 January 2007. http://www.cnsi.ucla.edu/news/item?item_id=235742. 
  15. ↑ Chang, Kenneth; Chan, Sewell (5 October 2016). "3 Makers of 'World's Smallest Machines' Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/06/science/nobel-prize-chemistry.html. 
  16. ↑ Davis, Nicola; Sample, Ian (5 October 2016). "live". https://www.theguardian.com/science/live/2016/oct/05/nobel-prize-in-chemistry-2016-to-be-announced-live. 
  17. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016". https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2016/summary/. 
  18. ↑ Van Noorden, Richard; Castelvecchi, Davide (2016). "World's tiniest machines win chemistry Nobel". Nature 538 (7624): 152–153. doi:10.1038/nature.2016.20734. PMID 27734892. Bibcode: 2016Natur.538..152V. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Capecelatro, Alex N. (2007). "From Auld Reekie to the City of Angels, and all the Meccano in between: A Glimpse into the Life and Mind of Sir Fraser Stoddart" (PDF). The UCLA USJ. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2016.
  20. ↑ "Sir J. Fraser Stoddart – Facts". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  21. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016". https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2016/stoddart/lecture/. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Capecelatro, Alex N. (2007). "From Auld Reekie to the City of Angels, and all the Meccano in between: A Glimpse into the Life and Mind of Sir Fraser Stoddart". The UCLA USJ 20. http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Interviews/Interview1.pdf. Retrieved 27 May 2016. 
  23. ↑ "It's all Kids Stuff". Daniel Stewart's and Melville College Former Pupils Club. December 2014. pp. 13–14. http://issuu.com/stewartsmelvillefpnews/docs/fp_news_2014. 
  24. ↑ Stoddart, James Fraser (1967). Studies on plant gums of the Acacia group (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
  25. ↑ "2005 – Professor J Fraser Stoddart". The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 "Sir J. Fraser Stoddart – Facts". https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2016/stoddart/lecture/. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Marcus, Jennifer (4 January 2007). "UCLA's J. Fraser Stoddart Adds Knight Bachelor to His List of Honors". http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/UCLA-s-J-Fraser-Stoddart-Adds-7598. 
  28. ↑ Stoddart, James Fraser (1980). Some adventures in stereochemistry (DSc thesis). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/14487. OCLC 605975820. open access
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Wolpert, Stuart (6 November 2003). "UCLA Chemist Fraser Stoddart Named Director of California NanoSystems Institute". http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/UCLA-Chemist-Fraser-Stoddart-Named-4695. 
  30. ↑ "Sir Fraser Stoddart is awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry". https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2016/10/fraser-stoddart-awarded-nobel-prize-in-chemistry/. 
  31. ↑ "James Fraser Stoddart: Curriculum Vitae, Full Version" (PDF). stoddart.northwestern.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2016.
  32. ↑ "UNSW appoints 2016 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, Professor Sir Fraser Stoddart". 15 December 2017. https://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/science-tech/unsw-appoints-2016-nobel-prize-winner-chemistry-professor-sir-fraser-stoddart. 
  33. ↑ "Skin-Care Line Noble Panacea Launched with a Glitzy, Model-Heavy Gala at the Met". 23 October 2019. https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/noble-panacea-met-event-launch. 
  34. ↑ "Our founders" (in en-US). 8 June 2023. https://h2mof.com/our-founders/. 
  35. ↑ "Fraser Stoddart – Stoddart Mechanostereochemistry Group" (in en-US). https://stoddart.northwestern.edu/fraser-stoddart/. 
  36. ↑ Stoddart, J. Fraser (2009). "The chemistry of the mechanical bond". Chemical Society Reviews (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)) 38 (6): 1802–1820. doi:10.1039/b819333a. ISSN 0306-0012. PMID 19587969. 
  37. ↑ Chichak, K. S. (28 May 2004). "Molecular Borromean Rings". Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)) 304 (5675): 1308–1312. doi:10.1126/science.1096914. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 15166376. Bibcode: 2004Sci...304.1308C. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/22968/1/196491_534%20Cave%20PostPrint.pdf. Retrieved 8 July 2021. 
  38. ↑ "UCLA's J. Fraser Stoddart on Switching to Molecular Electronics". Science Watch 16 (5). 2005. http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Interviews/Interview3.pdf. Retrieved 27 May 2016. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 "Award Winners Davy Medal". https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1dsunM9ukGLgaW3HdG9cvJ_QKd7pWjGI0qi_fCb1ROD4/pubhtml?gid=1021770356&single=true. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Richards, Victoria (16 February 2016). "Molecular Machines". Chemistry World. https://www.chemistryworld.com/features/molecular-machines/9457.article. Retrieved 6 January 2025. 
  41. ↑ Madou, Marc J. (2009). From MEMS to bio-MEMS and bio-NEMS : manufacturing techniques and applications. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC. pp. 131–133. ISBN 978-1-4200-5516-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=IBzSBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA132. Retrieved 27 May 2016. 
  42. ↑ Stoddart, J. F.; Tseng, H.-R. (12 March 2002). "Chemical synthesis gets a fillip from molecular recognition and self-assembly processes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (8): 4797–4800. doi:10.1073/pnas.052708999. PMID 11891314. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...99.4797F. 
  43. ↑ "Fraser Stoddart: Mingling Art with Science". Ste(a)m Connect. http://steamconnect.org/fraser-stoddart-mingling-art-with-science/. 
  44. ↑ Brough, B.; Northrop, B. H.; Schmidt, J. J.; Tseng, H.-R.; Houk, K. N.; Stoddart, J. F.; Ho, C.-M. (30 May 2006). "Evaluation of synthetic linear motor-molecule actuation energetics". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (23): 8583–8588. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509645103. PMID 16735470. Bibcode: 2006PNAS..103.8583B. 
  45. ↑ "Web of Science". https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/H-1518-2011. 
  46. ↑ "J. Fraser Stoddart: Chemistry H-index & Awards". https://research.com/u/j-fraser-stoddart. 
  47. ↑ "Publications – Stoddart Mechanostereochemistry Group". 12 August 2023. https://stoddart.northwestern.edu/publications/. 
  48. ↑ "Obituary – Norma Agnes Stoddart". 14 January 2004. https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/latimes/obituary.aspx?n=norma-agnes-stoddart&pid=1799050. 
  49. ↑ McClain, Dylan Loeb (11 January 2025). "J. Fraser Stoddart, Who Developed Microscopic Machines, Dies at 82". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/11/science/j-fraser-stoddart-dead.html. 
  50. ↑ Yiu, William (31 December 2024). "Fraser Stoddart, Nobel laureate and professor at University of Hong Kong, dies". https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education/article/3292928/fraser-stoddart-nobel-laureate-and-professor-university-hong-kong-dies. 
  51. ↑ Halford, Bethany (31 December 2024). "Organic chemist and nanoscientist Fraser Stoddart dies at 82". https://cen.acs.org/people/obituaries/Organic-chemist-nanoscientist-Fraser-Stoddart/102/web/2024/12. 
  52. ↑ "In Memoriam: Sir Fraser Stoddart". 31 December 2024. https://www.utwente.nl/en/news/2024/12/46788/in-memoriam-sir-fraser-stoddart. 
  53. ↑ "Tributes paid to University of Sheffield Nobel Prize winner". 2 January 2025. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cp3zr6lpdrko.amp. 
  54. ↑ "First Ever Fraser and Norma Stoddart Prize". http://www.ecampbell.chem.ed.ac.uk/news/first-ever-fraser-and-norma-stoddart-prize. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "Ma'am to the Rescue". Stoddart Mechanostereochemistry Group. 13 June 2007. http://stoddart.northwestern.edu/Index.php?View=News/NewsSheet.php&ID=77. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 "Prof. Sir Fraser Stoddart". 24 November 2007. http://www.consejoculturalmundial.org/winners/winners-of-the-world-award-of-science/prof-sir-fraser-stoddart/. 
  57. ↑ "Sir J. Fraser Stoddart, Professor Emeritus of Chemistry and Biochemistry at UCLA, has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS)". 1 May 2014. http://www.chemistry.ucla.edu/news/national-academy-sciences. 
  58. ↑ Anyaso, Hilary Hurd (18 April 2012). "Faculty Members Named AAAS Fellows". http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2012/04/american-academy-of-arts-and-sciences.html. 
  59. ↑ "Who our members are". 10 February 2015. http://www.rsc.org/membership-and-community/who-our-members-are/#honorary-fellows. 
  60. ↑ "Directory 2016/2017". https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/publications/directory/directory_nolist.pdf. 
  61. ↑ "J.F. Stoddart". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/foreign-members/7175. 
  62. ↑ "UCLA Members of the American Association for the Advancement of Science". http://www.ucla.edu/about/awards-and-honors/faculty/american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science. 
  63. ↑ "List of Members: Sir J. Fraser Stoddart". http://www.leopoldina.org/en/members/list-of-members/member/713/. 
  64. ↑ "Fraser Stoddart Winner of the Fray Award". https://www.flogen.org/?p=38&bio=Stoddart. 
  65. ↑ "Sir J. Fraser Stoddart to deliver Haworth Memorial Lecture". 7 October 2016. http://www.rsc.org/news-events/articles/2016/oct/fraser-stoddart-lecture/. 
  66. ↑ "Serendipity in science". 3 November 2016. http://www.rsc.org/news-events/175-stories/2016/nov/fraser-stoddart-lecture/. 
  67. ↑ "Centenary Prize 2014 Winner Professor Sir Fraser Stoddart Professor Sir Fraser Stoddart". http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/CentenaryPrizes/2014-winner-stoddart.asp. 
  68. ↑ "Royal Medallists". https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/937_RoyalMedallists.html. 
  69. ↑ Fellman, Megan (3 August 2010). "Sir Fraser Stoddart Honored With Royal Medal". http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2010/08/stoddart.html. 
  70. ↑ "Arthur C. Cope Award". http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/arthur-c-cope-award.html. 
  71. ↑ "2007 Foresight Institute Feynman Prize". http://www.foresight.org/FI/2007Feynman.html. 
  72. ↑ "Tetrahedron Prize for Creativity". https://www.elsevier.com/awards/global/tetrahedron-prize-for-creativity. 
  73. ↑ "2005 – Professor J Fraser Stoddart". 21 April 2015. http://www.ed.ac.uk/alumni/services/notable-alumni/alumnus/fraserstoddart. 
  74. ↑ "The Nagoya Medal of Organic Chemistry". http://www.itbm.nagoya-u.ac.jp/en/news/NagoyaMedal.pdf. 
  75. ↑ "Arthur C. Cope Scholar Awards". http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/arthur-cope-scholar-award.html. 
  76. ↑ "Izatt-Christensen Awards". http://old.chem.byu.edu/faculty/jdl/ISMC/award.html. 



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