Biography:Robert Lefkowitz

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Short description: American physician and biochemist
Robert Lefkowitz
Robert Lefkowitz 2 2012.jpg
Robert Lefkowitz in Stockholm 2012
Born
Robert Joseph Lefkowitz

(1943-04-15) April 15, 1943 (age 80)
The Bronx, New York City, New York, USA
NationalityAmerican
Alma materColumbia University
Known forG protein coupled receptors
beta-arrestins
Spouse(s)Arna Brandel (divorced)
Lynn Tilley (m. 1991)
AwardsNational Medal of Science (2007)
BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award (2009)
Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2012)
Scientific career
FieldsReceptor Biology
Biochemistry
InstitutionsDuke University
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Notable studentsBrian Kobilka,[1] Jeffrey Benovic, Michel Bouvier, Marc G. Caron, Richard A. Cerione, Henrik Dohlman, Walter J. Koch, Lee Limbird,[2] Martin J. Lohse, Gang Pei, Lewis "Rusty" Williams, R. Sanders Williams

Robert Joseph Lefkowitz (born April 15, 1943) is an American physician (internist and cardiologist) and biochemist. He is best known for his groundbreaking discoveries that reveal the inner workings of an important family G protein-coupled receptors, for which he was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Brian Kobilka. He is currently an Investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute as well as a James B. Duke Professor of Medicine and Professor of Biochemistry and Chemistry at Duke University.

Early life

Lefkowitz was born on April 15, 1943, in The Bronx, New York to Jewish parents Max and Rose Lefkowitz. Their families had emigrated to the United States from Poland in the late 19th century.[3][4]

After graduating from the Bronx High School of Science in 1959,[5] he attended Columbia College from which he received a Bachelor of Arts in chemistry 1962.[6]

He graduated from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1966 with an M.D. degree. After serving an internship and one year of general medical residency at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, he served as clinical and research associate at the National Institutes of Health from 1968 to 1970.

Career

Upon completing his medical residency and research and clinical training in 1973, he was appointed associate professor of medicine and assistant professor of biochemistry at the Duke University Medical Center. In 1977, he was promoted to professor of medicine and in 1982 to James B. Duke Professor of Medicine at Duke University.[7] He is also a professor of biochemistry and a professor of chemistry. He has been an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute since 1976 and was an established investigator of the American Heart Association from 1973–1976.[7]

Lefkowitz studies receptor biology and signal transduction and is most well known for his detailed characterizations of the sequence, structure and function of the β-adrenergic and related receptors and for the discovery and characterization of the two families of proteins which regulate them, the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases and β-arrestins.[8]

Lefkowitz made a remarkable contribution in the mid-1980s when he and his colleagues cloned the gene first for the β-adrenergic receptor, and then rapidly thereafter, for a total of 8 adrenergic receptors (receptors for adrenaline and noradrenaline). This led to the seminal discovery that all GPCRs (which include the β-adrenergic receptor) have a very similar molecular structure. The structure is defined by an amino acid sequence which weaves its way back and forth across the plasma membrane seven times. Today we know that about 1,000 receptors in the human body belong to this same family. The importance of this is that all of these receptors use the same basic mechanisms so that pharmaceutical researchers now understand how to effectively target the largest receptor family in the human body. Today, as many as 30 to 50 percent of all prescription drugs are designed to "fit" like keys into the similarly structured locks of Lefkowitz' receptors—everything from anti-histamines to ulcer drugs to beta blockers that help relieve hypertension, angina and coronary disease.Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag This book was co-authored by Randy Hall, who was a post-doctoral fellow in the Lefkowitz lab in the 1990’s. The book describes Lefkowitz’s early life, training as a physician, and tenure in the United States Public Health Service (the “Yellow Berets” of the NIH), which began as a means of fulfilling his draft obligation during the Vietnam War but ultimately ignited a lifelong passion for research. The second half of the book describes Lefkowitz’s research career and various adventures both before and after his Nobel Prize win. Upon publication in February 2021, the book was named as “New & Noteworthy” by The New York Times [9] and “one of the week’s best science picks” by Nature.[10]

Awards

Lefkowitz has received numerous awards including:

  • 2014 Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement[11]
  • 2012 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (shared with Brian Kobilka)
  • 2009 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award, in the Biomedicine Category.[12]
  • 2009 Research Achievement Award, American Heart Association[13]
  • 2007 National Medal of Science[14][15]
  • 2007 The Shaw Prize in Life Science and Medicine [16]
  • 2007 Albany Medical Center Prize in Medicine and Biomedical Research [17]
  • 2003 Fondation Lefoulon – Delalande Grand Prix for Science – Institut de France[18]
  • 2001 Jessie Stevenson Kovalenko Medal of the USA – The National Academy of Sciences [19]
  • 1992 Bristol-Myers Squibb Award for Distinguished Achievement In Cardiovascular Research[20]
  • 1988 Gairdner Foundation International Award[21]
  • 1978 John Jacob Abel Award in Pharmacology [22]

See also

  • List of Jewish Nobel laureates

References

  1. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012". https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2012/kobilka/facts/. 
  2. ↑ Snyder, Bill. "Nobel in Chemistry reveals VU ties that bind". https://news.vumc.org/2012/10/18/nobel-in-chemistry-research-reveals-vu-ties-that-bind/. 
  3. ↑ Ralph Snyderman (2011-10-03). "Introduction of Robert J. Lefkowitz". The Journal of Clinical Investigation (Jci.org) 121 (10): 4192–4300. doi:10.1172/JCI60816. PMID 21965339. PMC 3195491. https://www.jci.org/articles/view/60816. Retrieved 2012-10-12. 
  4. ↑ Jay Price (2012-12-30). "Dr. Robert Lefkowitz, Nobel in hand, still shapes young researchers". News & Observer. http://www.newsobserver.com/2012/12/30/2572990/dr-robert-lefkowitz-nobel-in-hand.html. 
  5. ↑ Newman, Andy (October 10, 2012). "Another Nobel for Bronx Science, This One in Chemistry". New York Times. http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/10/another-nobel-for-bronx-science-this-one-in-chemistry/. 
  6. ↑ "Dr. Robert Lefkowitz, Nobel in hand, still shapes young researchers - Local/State - NewsObserver.com". http://www.newsobserver.com/2012/12/30/2572990/dr-robert-lefkowitz-nobel-in-hand.html. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "HHMI Investigators – Robert J. Lefkowitz, M.D". Howard Hughes Medical Institute. http://www.hhmi.org/research/investigators/lefkowitz_bio.html. 
  8. ↑ "Robert J. Lefkowitz, M.D. Biography and Interview". American Academy of Achievement. https://achievement.org/achiever/robert-lefkowitz-m-d/#interview. 
  9. ↑ "New & Noteworthy, From Food Policy to Communicating With the Dead" (in en-US). The New York Times. 2021-02-02. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/02/books/review/new-this-week.html. 
  10. ↑ Robinson, Andrew (2021-03-17). "The accidental Nobel laureate, what we owe to our voices and the philosophy of touch: Books in Brief" (in en). Nature 591 (7850): 364. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00661-4. Bibcode: 2021Natur.591..364R. 
  11. ↑ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". American Academy of Achievement. https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration. 
  12. ↑ "Biomedicine 2009 Robert J. Lefkowitz". BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Awards. http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/tlfu/ing/microsites/premios/fronteras/galardonados/2009/biomedicina.jsp. 
  13. ↑ "North Carolina scientist wins American Heart Association award for discovering receptors' role as specific targets for drug therapy". American Heart Association. 2009-11-15. http://newsroom.heart.org/news/874. 
  14. ↑ "Robert Lefkowitz receiving the National Medal of Science". Duke University. 2008-09-28. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csDTzytNNDI.  – YouTube video of the ceremony
  15. ↑ Duke Medicine News and Communications (2008-09-28). "Duke Medicine Physician-Scientist Receives National Medal of Science". Duke Health.org. http://www.dukehealth.org/health_library/news/10383. 
  16. ↑ "Announcement and Citation". The Shaw Prize. 2007-06-12. http://www.shawprize.org/en/shaw.php?tmp=3&twoid=50&threeid=59&fourid=83. 
  17. ↑ "Albany Medical Center Prize". Albany Medical College. http://www.amc.edu/academic/albanyprize/recipients.html. 
  18. ↑ "Fondation Lefoulon Delalande – Historique des prix". Fondation Lefoulon – Delalande. http://www.institut-de-france.fr/prixmecenat/lefoulon/prix/historique_gp.html. 
  19. ↑ "Jessie Stevenson Kovalenko Medal". National Academy of Sciences. http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/awards/kovalenko-medal.html. 
  20. ↑ "Bristol Myers Squib Achievements". Bristol-Myers Squibb. https://www.bms.com/about-us/our-company/achievements.html. 
  21. ↑ "Robert J. Lefkowitz". Gairdner. http://www.gairdner.org/content/robert-j-lefkowitz. 
  22. ↑ "Previous Winners of Society Awards". American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. http://www.aspet.org/uploadedFiles/Awards_and_Fellowships/ASPET_Awards/AWARD%20WINNERS.pdf. 

External links

Awards
Preceded by
Dan Shechtman 		Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate
2012
With: Brian Kobilka 		Succeeded by
Michael Levitt
Martin Karplus
Arieh Warshel



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