Biography:Pro-nuclear movement

From HandWiki
Short description: Social movement 
There are large variations in people's understanding of the issues surrounding nuclear power, including the technology itself, climate change, and energy security. Proponents of nuclear energy contend that nuclear power is a sustainable energy source that reduces carbon emissions and increases energy security by decreasing dependence on imported energy sources. Opponents believe that nuclear power poses many threats to people and the environment. While nuclear power has historically been opposed by many environmentalist organisations, some support it, as do some scientists.

Context

During a two-day symposium on "Atomic Power in Australia" at the New South Wales University of Technology, Sydney, which began on 31 August 1954, Marcus Oliphant (left), Homi Jehangir Bhabha (centre) and Philip Baxter, share a cup of tea

Nuclear energy is often considered to be a controversial area of public policy.[1][2] The debate about nuclear power peaked during the 1970s and 1980s, when it "reached an intensity unprecedented in the history of technology controversies", in some countries.[3][4]

Proponents of nuclear energy point to the fact that nuclear power produces very little conventional air pollution, greenhouse gases, and smog, in contrast to fossil fuel sources of energy.[5] Proponents also argue that perceived risks of storing waste are exaggerated, and point to an operational safety record in the Western world which is excellent in comparison to the other major kinds of power plants.[6] Historically, there have been numerous proponents of nuclear energy, including Georges Charpak, Glenn T. Seaborg, Edward Teller, Alvin M. Weinberg, Eugene Wigner, Ted Taylor, and Jeff Eerkens. There are also scientists who write favorably about nuclear energy in terms of the broader energy landscape, including Robert B. Laughlin, Michael McElroy, and Vaclav Smil. In particular, Laughlin writes in "Powering the Future" (2011) that expanded use of nuclear power will be nearly inevitable, either because of a political choice to leave fossil fuels in the ground, or because fossil fuels become depleted.

Lobbying and public relations activities

Main page: Physics:List of companies in the nuclear sector

Globally, there are dozens of companies with an interest in the nuclear industry, including Areva, BHP, Cameco, China National Nuclear Corporation, EDF, Iberdrola, Nuclear Power Corporation of India, Ontario Power Generation, Rosatom, Tokyo Electric Power Company, and Vattenfall. Many of these companies lobby politicians and others about nuclear power expansion, undertake public relation activities, petition government authorities, as well as influence public policy through referendum campaigns and involvement in elections.[7][8][9][10][11]

The nuclear industry has "tried a variety of strategies to persuade the public to accept nuclear power", including the publication of numerous "fact sheets" that discuss issues of public concern.[12] Nuclear proponents have worked to boost public support by offering newer, safer, reactor designs. These designs include those that incorporate passive safety and Small Modular Reactors.

Since 2000 the nuclear industry has undertaken an international media and lobbying campaign to promote nuclear power as a solution to the greenhouse effect and climate change. Though reactor operation is free of carbon dioxide emissions, other stages of the nuclear fuel chain – from uranium mining, to reactor decommissioning and radioactive waste management – use fossil fuels and hence emit carbon dioxide.

The Nuclear Energy Institute has formed various sub-groups to promote nuclear power. These include the Washington-based Clean and Safe Energy Coalition, which was formed in 2006 and led by Patrick Moore. Christine Todd Whitman, former head of the USEPA has also been involved. Clean Energy America is another group also sponsored by the NEI.[13]

In Britain, James Lovelock well known for his Gaia Hypothesis began to support nuclear power in 2004. He is patron of the Supporters of Nuclear Energy. SONE also recognise that there are serious technical challenges associated with an electric grid reliant on intermittent and low density sources of energy. The main nuclear lobby group in Britain is FORATOM.[13]

As of 2014, the U.S. nuclear industry has begun a new lobbying effort, hiring three former senators — Evan Bayh, a Democrat; Judd Gregg, a Republican; and Spencer Abraham, a Republican — as well as William M. Daley, a former staffer to President Obama. The initiative is called Nuclear Matters, and it has begun a newspaper advertising campaign.[14]

Organizations supporting nuclear power

In March 2017, a bipartisan group of eight senators, including five Republicans and three Democrats introduced S. 512, the Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act (NEIMA). The legislation would help to modernize the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), support the advancement of the nation's nuclear industry and develop the regulatory framework to enable the licensing of advanced nuclear reactors, while improving the efficiency of uranium regulation. Letters of support for this legislation were provided by thirty-six organizations, including for profit enterprises, non-profit organizations and educational institutions. The most prominent entities from that group and other well-known organizations actively supporting the continued or expanded use of nuclear power as a solution for providing clean, reliable energy include:

The United States generates about 19% of its electricity from nuclear power plants. Nearly 60% of all clean energy generated in the U.S. comes from nuclear power. Studies have shown that closing a nuclear power plant results in greatly increased carbon emissions as only burning coal or natural gas can make up for the massive amount of energy lost from a nuclear power plant. Even though there have long been protests against nuclear power, the effect of long-term scrutiny has elevated safety within the industry, making nuclear power the safest form of energy in operation today, despite the fact that many continue to fear it. Nuclear power plants create thousands of jobs, many in health and safety jobs, and seldom experience protests from area residents, as they bring large amounts of economic activity, attract educated employees and leave the air clear safe, unlike oil, coal or gas plants, which bring disease and environmental damage to their workers and neighbors. Nuclear engineers have traditionally worked, directly or indirectly, in the nuclear power industry, in academia or for national laboratories. More recently, young nuclear engineers have started to innovate and launch new companies, becoming entrepreneurs in order to bring their enthusiasm for using the power of the atom to address the climate crisis. As of June 2015, Third Way released a report identifying 48 nuclear start-ups or projects organized to work on nuclear innovations in what is being called "advanced nuclear" designs.[17] Current research in the industry is directed at producing economical, proliferation-resistant reactor designs with passive safety features. Although government labs research the same areas as industry, they also study a myriad of other issues such as nuclear fuels and nuclear fuel cycles, advanced reactor designs, and nuclear weapon design and maintenance. A principal pipeline for trained personnel for US reactor facilities is the Navy Nuclear Power Program. The job outlook for nuclear engineering from the year 2012 to the year 2022 is predicted to grow 9% due to many elder nuclear engineers retiring, safety systems needing to be updated in power plants, and the advancements made in nuclear medicine.[18]

Individuals supporting nuclear power

A pragmatic need for secure energy supply is a leading reason for many to support nuclear energy. Many people, including former opponents of nuclear energy, now say that nuclear energy is necessary for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. They recognize that the threat to humanity from climate change is far worse than any risk associated with nuclear energy. Many nuclear energy supporters, but not all, acknowledge that renewable energy is also important to the effort to eliminate emissions. Early environmentalists who publicly voiced support for nuclear power include James Lovelock, originator of the Gaia hypothesis, Patrick Moore, an early member of Greenpeace and former president of Greenpeace Canada, George Monbiot and Stewart Brand, creator of the Whole Earth Catalog.[19][20] Lovelock goes further to refute claims about the danger of nuclear energy and its waste products.[21] In a January 2008 interview, Moore said that "It wasn't until after I'd left Greenpeace and the climate change issue started coming to the forefront that I started rethinking energy policy in general and realized that I had been incorrect in my analysis of nuclear as being some kind of evil plot."[22] There are increasing numbers of scientists and laymen who are environmentalists with views that depart from the mainstream environmental stance that rejects a role for nuclear power in the climate fight (once labelled "Nuclear Greens,"[23] some now consider themselves Ecomodernists).

Other academics and professionals, alarmed by the impact of disproportionate media coverage of nuclear accidents have formed a group called Scientists for Accurate Radiation Information (SARI).[24] This was formed after a tsunami in Japan in 2011 caused an accidental release at Fukushima Daiichi, local people were unnecessarily relocated and psychologically stressed by false fears. This evacuation is estimated to have produced increased mortality rates equivalent to 2,313 deaths.[25] This effective suffering is known as the ‘nocebo’ effect, and describes a situation where a negative outcome occurs due to a belief that an intervention will cause harm.

Others who have spoken publicly on the benefits of nuclear power include:

Scientists

James Edward Hansen
Prof. Barry W. Brook

Non-scientists

  • Ansel Adams[32] (Photographer, former Sierra Club director; died 1984)
  • John Barrasso[33] (U.S. Senator (R) from Wyoming)
  • Michael Bloomberg (Former Mayor of New York City, co-author with Carl Pope of "Climate of Hope")[citation needed]}
  • Cory Booker[33] (U.S. Senator (D) from New Jersey)
  • Stewart Brand[34][35] (Writer, speaker, founder of the Whole Earth Catalog)
  • Carol Browner[36][37] (Former EPA administrator and ECCP (White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy) director in the Obama administration, author of "Comments on Proposed Radiation Protection Standards for Yucca Mountain, Nevada," Leadership Council, Nuclear Matters)
  • Robert Bryce (Writer)[citation needed]}
  • Shelley Moore Capito[33] (U.S. Senator (R) from West Virginia)
  • Jimmy Carter (Former President of the United States, peace ambassador)[citation needed]}
  • Mike Crapo[33] (U.S. Senator (R) from Idaho)[citation needed]}
  • Gwyneth Cravens[35][38] (Journalist, author of "Power to Save the World")
  • Leslie Dewan[39] (Nuclear engineer and entrepreneur)
  • Martin Ferguson[citation needed]}
  • Deb Fischer[33] (U.S. Senator (R) from Nebraska)
  • Bill Gates (Founder of Microsoft Corporation, philanthropist, investor)[citation needed]}
  • Kirsty Gogan (Founder of Energy for Humanity, Terra Praxis, LucidCatalyst)
  • Chris Goodall[40] (Author)
  • Malcolm Grimston (Author of "The Paralysis in Energy Decision Making," Honorary Research Fellow, Imperial College London)[citation needed]}
  • Steven F. Hayward (Senior Resident Scholar, Institute of Governmental Studies University of California, Berkeley)
  • Ben Heard[41] (executive director, Bright New World)
  • Vincent Ialenti[42] (Cultural anthropologist)
  • Jim Inhofe[33] (U.S. Senator (R) from Oklahoma)
  • John G. Kemeny[citation needed]}
  • John Kerry (former U.S. Secretary of State, U.S. Senator (D) from Massachusetts )[43]
  • Ro Khanna (U.S. Representative (D) from California -17)
  • Steve Kirsch (Silicon Valley entrepreneur, CEO Token)[citation needed]}
  • Bob Latta[44] (U.S. Representative (R) for Ohio's fifth congressional district)
  • John Lavine (Medill Dean Emeritus Northwestern University)[citation needed]}
  • Zion Lights (Author, activist, founder of Nuclear For Net Zero[45])
  • Bjørn Lomborg[46] (Researcher, author)
  • Mark Lynas[35][47][48] (Journalist, activist, author The God Species, Six Degrees)
  • Joe Manchin[33] (U.S. Senator (D) from West Virginia)
  • Haydon Manning[citation needed]}
  • John McCain 2008 United States presidential debates
  • Steve McCormick (Former CEO, The Nature Conservancy)
  • Jerry McNerney[49] (U.S. Representative (D) for California's 9th congressional district)
  • Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India[citation needed]}
  • George Monbiot[50] (Journalist)
  • Hugh Montefiore[51] (Priest, former Friends of the Earth trustee; died 2005)
  • Patrick Moore[52] (co-founder of Greenpeace, and former president of Greenpeace Canada)
  • Lauri Muranen[53] (executive director, World Energy Council Finland)
  • Lisa Murkowski[54] (U.S. Senator (R) for Alaska)
  • Ted Nordhaus[55] (Author, chairman of the Breakthrough Institute)
  • Fred Pearce[56] (Journalist, author)
  • Steven Pinker (Harvard University, author of The Better Angels of Our Nature)[citation needed]}
  • Richard Rhodes[35][57] (Pulitzer Prize winning journalist, author of "Nuclear Renewal" and The Making of the Atomic Bomb)
  • Jeffrey Sachs[58] (Economist, director of The Earth Institute)
  • Peter Schwartz (Author of "Art of the Long View")[citation needed]}
  • Michael Shellenberger[35][55] (Author, co-founder of the Breakthrough Institute, President of Environmental Progress)
  • Robert Stone[59] (Director; his film Pandora's Promise[35] features pro-nuclear environmentalists)
  • Nobuo Tanaka (Chairman, Sasakawa Peace Foundation, former executive director, International Energy Agency)
  • Frank Thelen[60] (Businessman, investor)
  • Stephen Tindale[61][62] (Chief Executive of the Alvin Weinberg Foundation and former executive director Greenpeace UK)
  • Sheldon Whitehouse[33] (U.S. Senator (D) from Rhode Island)
  • Bryony Worthington[63] (Environmental campaigner, UK House of Lords member)
  • Tim Yeo (Chair, New Nuclear Watch Europe, former chair Energy and Climate Change Parliamentary Select Committee)[citation needed]}
  • Jiang Zemin (Former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party)[citation needed]}
  • Xi Jinping (Current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party)[citation needed]}
  • Elon Musk (Billionaire entrepreneur)[64]


Open letter signatories

The following is a list of people that signed the open letter:[72]



Future prospects

The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, located in France, is the world's largest and most advanced experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor project. A collaboration between the European Union (EU), India, Japan, China, Russia, South Korea and the United States, the project aims to make a transition from experimental studies of plasma physics to electricity-producing fusion power plants. However, the World Nuclear Association says that nuclear fusion "presents so far insurmountable scientific and engineering challenges".[74] Construction of the ITER facility began in 2007, but the project has run into many delays and budget overruns. The facility is now not expected to begin operations until the year 2027 – 11 years after initially anticipated.[75]

Another nuclear power program is the Energy Impact Center's OPEN100 project. OPEN100 was launched in 2020 and has published open-source blueprints for a nuclear power plant with a 100-megawatt pressurized water reactor.[76] The project aims to minimize the costs and duration of construction to increase nuclear power supply and potentially reverse the effects of climate change.[77]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Sustainable Development Commission. Is Nuclear the Answer? p. 12.
  2. ↑ Sustainable Development Commission. Public engagement and nuclear power
  3. ↑ Herbert P. Kitschelt (1986). "Political Opportunity and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies". British Journal of Political Science 16 (1): 57. doi:10.1017/s000712340000380x. http://www.marcuse.org/harold/hmimages/seabrook/861KitscheltAntiNuclear4Democracies.pdf. 
  4. ↑ Falk, Jim (1982). Global Fission: The Battle Over Nuclear Power. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-554315-5. https://archive.org/details/globalfissionbat00falk. 
  5. ↑ Patterson, Thom (2013-11-03). "Climate change warriors: It's time to go nuclear". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/03/world/nuclear-energy-climate-change-scientists/index.html. 
  6. ↑ Bernard L. Cohen (1990). The Nuclear Energy Option: An Alternative for the 90s. New York: Plenum Press. ISBN 978-0-306-43567-6. https://archive.org/details/nuclearenergyopt0000cohe. 
  7. ↑ Leo Hickman (28 November 2012). "Nuclear lobbyists wined and dined senior civil servants, documents show". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/nov/28/nuclear-lobbyists-senior-civil-servants. 
  8. ↑ Diane Farseta (September 1, 2008). "The Campaign to Sell Nuclear". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. pp. 38–56. 
  9. ↑ Jonathan Leake. "The Nuclear Charm Offensive" New Statesman, 23 May 2005.
  10. ↑ Union of Concerned Scientists. Nuclear Industry Spent Hundreds of Millions of Dollars Over the Last Decade to Sell Public, Congress on New Reactors, New Investigation Finds News Center, February 1, 2010.
  11. ↑ Nuclear group spent $460,000 lobbying in 4Q Business Week, March 19, 2010.
  12. ↑ M.V. Ramana (July 2011). "Nuclear power and the public". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. p. 46. http://bos.sagepub.com/content/67/4/43.abstract. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Sharon Beder (2014). Lobbying, greenwash and deliberate confusion: how vested interests undermine climate change. In M. C-T. Huang and R. R-C Huang (Eds.), Green Thoughts and Environmental Politics: Green Trends and Environmental Politics (pp. 297-328), Taipei, Taiwan: Asia-seok Digital Technology.
  14. ↑ Matthew Wald (April 27, 2014). "Nuclear Industry Gains Carbon-Focused Allies in Push to Save Reactors". New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/28/business/energy-environment/nuclear-industry-gains-carbon-focused-allies-in-push-to-save-reactors.html?_r=0. 
  15. ↑ "World Nuclear Association joins UN movement dedicated to delivering 24/7 carbon-free energy - World Nuclear Association". https://world-nuclear.org/press/press-statements/world-nuclear-association-joins-un-movement-dedica.aspx. 
  16. ↑ "Holy See calls for boosting peaceful use of nuclear energy". 17 September 2019. https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2019-09/holy-see-gallagher-iaea-conference-nuclear-peace-development.html. 
  17. ↑ "The Advanced Nuclear Industry: 2016 Update" (in en). http://www.thirdway.org/infographic/the-advanced-nuclear-industry-2016-update. 
  18. ↑ "Nuclear Engineers – Job Outlook" in Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014–15. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
  19. ↑ Environmental Heresies
  20. ↑ An Early Environmentalist, Embracing New ‘Heresies’
  21. ↑ James Lovelock
  22. ↑ "Technology News". http://www.news.com/From-eco-warrior-to-nuclear-champion/2008-13840_3-6228461.html. 
  23. ↑ Robert Bryce (Winter 2013). "Rise of the Nuclear Greens". http://www.city-journal.org/2013/23_1_snd-atomic-energy.html. 
  24. ↑ "Radiation Effects | Effects of Radiation explained by the Scientists for Accurate Radiation Information" (in en-US). https://radiationeffects.org/. 
  25. ↑ "What was the death toll from Chernobyl and Fukushima?". https://ourworldindata.org/what-was-the-death-toll-from-chernobyl-and-fukushima. 
  26. ↑ McCusker, Peter (2016-02-10). "Newcastle company at forefront of technology for small nuclear reactors" (in en). http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/business/business-news/newcastle-company-forefront-technology-small-10869984. 
  27. ↑ Giomataris, Ioannis (2010). "Georges Charpak (1924–2010)". Nature 467 (7319): 1048. doi:10.1038/4671048a. PMID 20981084. Bibcode: 2010Natur.467.1048G. 
  28. ↑ James Hansen (3 December 2015). "Nuclear power paves the only viable path forward on climate change". https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/dec/03/nuclear-power-paves-the-only-viable-path-forward-on-climate-change. 
  29. ↑ James Lovelock (24 May 2004). "Nuclear power is the only green solution". https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/james-lovelock-nuclear-power-is-the-only-green-solution-6169341.html. 
  30. ↑ David MacKay (March 2012). A reality check on renewables. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  31. ↑ Mackay, David (2009). Sustainable Energy: Without the Hot Air. UIT Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-9544529-3-3. http://www.withouthotair.com/. 
  32. ↑ David Sheff (March 1983). "A candid conversation with America's "photographer laureate" and environmentalist about art, natural beauty and the unnatural acts of Interior Secretary James Watt.". Playboy. http://davidsheff.com/article/ansel-adams/. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.7 "Bipartisan Group of Senators Introduce Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act". 2 March 2017. https://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2017/3/bipartisan-group-of-senators-introduce-nuclear-energy-innovation-and-modernization-act. 
  34. ↑ "Nuclear power's time has come". 22 February 2010. http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/02/22/brand.nuclear.power.pro/. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 35.5 Pandora's Promise on IMDb. Specifically credited are Brand, Cravens, Lynas, Rhodes, and Shellenberger.
  36. ↑ Carol Browner (5 May 2014). "If You're Concerned About Climate Change, You Should Support Nuclear Power". https://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2014/05/05/if-youre-concerned-about-climate-change-you-should-support-nuclear-power/. 
  37. ↑ "To Carol Browner, Nuclear More Than Just Matters – It's Essential". 27 May 2014. http://thebreakthrough.org/index.php/programs/energy-and-climate/to-carol-browner-nuclear-more-than-just-matters-its-essential. 
  38. ↑ Cravens, Gwyneth (2007). Power to Save the World. New York: First Vintage Books. http://www.cravenspowertosavetheworld.com/index.php. 
  39. ↑ "2015 Emerging Explorers » Leslie Dewan, Nuclear Engineer". http://www.nationalgeographic.com/explorers/bios/2015/leslie-dewan/. "At the most fundamental level I'm an environmentalist. I'm doing this because I think nuclear power is the best way of producing large amounts of carbon-free electricity. I think the world needs nuclear power, alongside solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal, if we want to have any hope of reducing fossil fuel emissions and preventing global climate change." 
  40. ↑ Chris Goodall (23 February 2009). "The green movement must learn to love nuclear power". https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/chris-goodall-the-green-movement-must-learn-to-love-nuclear-power-1629354.html. 
  41. ↑ Babs McHugh (20 Jun 2014). "Environmentalist argues in favour of nuclear power". http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-19/environmentalist-says-nuclear-needed-to-combat-climate-change/5535792. 
  42. ↑ Hamblin, Jacob Darwin (27 November 2020). "Learning to think long-term Deep Time Reckoning: How Future Thinking Can Help Earth Now Vincent Ialenti MIT Press, 2020. 208 pp". Science 370 (6520): 1043. doi:10.1126/science.abf2843. https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.abf2843. 
  43. ↑ "Speaking At MIT, Secretary Of State John Kerry Urges Action On Climate Change". 9 Jan 2017. http://www.wbur.org/bostonomix/2017/01/09/john-kerry-mit-climate-change. 
  44. ↑ Jerry McNerney and Robert E. Latta (17 May 2016). "NRC Reform for a strong, safe nuclear power industry". http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/energy-environment/280292-nrc-reform-for-a-strong-safe-nuclear-power-industry. 
  45. ↑ Hume, Holly (18 September 2020). "'Protest' beach party uses inflatable bananas in support of nuclear energy" (in en). East Anglian Daily Times. https://www.eadt.co.uk/news/beach-protest-for-sizewell-c-1-6844838. 
  46. ↑ Keith Kloor (21 Oct 2013). "Bjørn Lomborg: The resilient environmentalist". http://cosmosmagazine.com/earth-sciences/bj%C3%B8rn-lomborg-resilient-environmentalist. 
  47. ↑ "Nuclear power support from former sceptic Mark Lynas". 8 October 2013. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-24445371. 
  48. ↑ Mark Lynas thinking the unthinkable on nuclear power on YouTube
  49. ↑ Jerry McNerney and Robert E. Lata (17 May 2016). "NRC Reform for a strong, safe nuclear power industry". http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/energy-environment/280292-nrc-reform-for-a-strong-safe-nuclear-power-industry. 
  50. ↑ George Monbiot (21 March 2011). "Why Fukushima made me stop worrying and love nuclear power". https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/mar/21/pro-nuclear-japan-fukushima. 
  51. ↑ Hugh Montefiore (22 October 2004). "We need nuclear power to save the planet from looming catastrophe". https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/hugh-montefiore-we-need-nuclear-power-to-save-the--planet-from-looming-catastrophe-544571.html.  Note, an expanded version of the same essay was printed the next day: Hugh Montefiore (23 October 2004). "Why the planet needs nuclear energy". http://www.thetablet.co.uk/article/1963. 
  52. ↑ Patrick Moore (16 April 2006). "Going Nuclear". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/14/AR2006041401209_pf.html. 
  53. ↑ Jonathan Miller (12 May 2016). "Lund debate focuses on nuclear power, climate change". http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2016/05/lund-debate-focuses-nuclear-power-climate-change. 
  54. ↑ Lisa Murkowski (17 May 2016). "Press Release: Our Nation Must Lead on Nuclear Energy". https://www.murkowski.senate.gov/press/release/murkowski-our-nation-must-lead-on-nuclear-energy. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 "Breakthrough! Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger of the Breakthrough Institute Discuss "Climate McCarthyism" And Why They Now Support Nuclear Power". 20 November 2009. http://www.energytribune.com/2929/breakthrough-ted-nordhaus-and-michael-shellenberger-of-the-breakthrough-institute-discuss-climate-mccarthyism-and-why-they-now-support-nuclear-power. 
  56. ↑ John Vidal (10 April 2012). "Vicious words mark the war between pro and anti-nuclear environmentalists". https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2012/apr/10/war-nuclear-environmentalists-vicious. 
  57. ↑ Jogalekar, Ashutosh (July 23, 2013). "Richard Rhodes on the Need for Nuclear Power". Scientific American. http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/the-curious-wavefunction/2013/07/23/richard-rhodes-on-the-need-for-nuclear-power/. 
  58. ↑ Fiona Harvey (3 May 2012). "Nuclear power is only solution to climate change, says Jeffrey Sachs". https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/may/03/nuclear-power-solution-climate-change. 
  59. ↑ Kate Breimann (30 April 2013). "Environmentalists Go Pro-Nuclear in 'Pandora's Promise' Trailer". Rolling Stone. https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/environmentalists-go-pro-nuclear-in-pandoras-promise-trailer-20130430. Retrieved 20 October 2013. 
  60. ↑ Thelen, Frank (2019-09-25). "Ist unser Planet noch zu retten?" (in de). https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ist-unser-planet-noch-zu-retten-frank-thelen. 
  61. ↑ Steve Connor (23 February 2009). "Nuclear power? Yes please...". https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/nuclear-power-yes-please-1629327.html. 
  62. ↑ Former Greenpeace/UK Executive Director Stephen Tindale on nuclear power and renewable energy on YouTube
  63. ↑ Bryony Worthington (4 July 2011). "Why thorium nuclear power shouldn't be written off". https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/jul/04/thorium-nuclear-power. 
  64. ↑ "Elon Musk: It's possible to make 'extremely safe' nuclear plants". 22 July 2021. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/22/elon-musk-its-possible-to-make-extremely-safe-nuclear-plants.html. 
  65. ↑ Leigh Dayton (10 March 2010). "James Hansen keen on next-generation nuclear power". http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/james-hansen-keen-on-next-generation-nuclear-power/story-e6frgcjx-1225838858482. 
  66. ↑ James Hansen on nuclear power on YouTube
  67. ↑ Thom Patterson (3 November 2013). "Climate change warriors: It's time to go nuclear". http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/03/world/nuclear-energy-climate-change-scientists. 
  68. ↑ "Top climate change scientists' letter to policy influencers". 3 November 2013. http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/03/world/nuclear-energy-climate-change-scientists-letter. 
  69. ↑ "Aussie scientists dominate global energy talks". 7 June 2011. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-06-07/aussie-scientists-dominate-global-energy-talks/2749944. 
  70. ↑ Steve Connor (4 January 2015). "Nuclear power is the greenest option, say top scientists". https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/nuclear-power-is-the-greenest-option-say-top-scientists-9955997.html. 
  71. ↑ "An Open Letter to Environmentalists on Nuclear Energy". 15 December 2014. http://bravenewclimate.com/2014/12/15/an-open-letter-to-environmentalists-on-nuclear-energy/. 
  72. ↑ as of the most recent access date, Brook and Bradshaw's letter had an additional 75 signatories; only those with biographical Wikipedia articles are displayed here however.
  73. ↑ "Let's go nuclear, for the reef's sake". 30 June 2014. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/opinion/lets-go-nuclear-for-the-reefs-sake/story-e6frgd0x-1226971281343. 
  74. ↑ World Nuclear Association (2005). "Nuclear Fusion Power". http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf66.htm. 
  75. ↑ W Wayt Gibbs (30 December 2013). "Triple-threat method sparks hope for fusion". Nature 505 (7481): 9–10. doi:10.1038/505009a. PMID 24380935. Bibcode: 2014Natur.505....9G. 
  76. ↑ Proctor, Darrell (February 25, 2020). "Tech Guru's Plan—Fight Climate Change with Nuclear Power". Power Magazine. https://www.powermag.com/tech-gurus-plan-fight-climate-change-with-nuclear-power/. 
  77. ↑ Takahashi, Dean (February 25, 2020). "Last Energy raises $3 million to fight climate change with nuclear energy". VentureBeat. https://venturebeat.com/2020/02/25/last-energy-raises-3-million-to-fight-climate-change-with-nuclear-energy/. 

Further reading

  • Roger-Maurice Bonnet and Lodewijk Woltjer, Surviving 1,000 Centuries Can We Do It? (2008), Springer-Praxis Books
  • Robert Bryce (writer), Power Hungry: The Myth of “Green” Energy and the Real Fuels of the Future (2011)
  • President Jimmy Carter, Nuclear Power Policy Statement on Decision Reached Following a Review, April 7, 1977
  • Center for Strategic and International Studies, Restoring U.S. Leadership in Nuclear Energy: A National Security Imperative, (2013)
  • Gwyneth Cravens, (2007). Power to Save the World: The Truth about Nuclear Energy ISBN:978-0-307-26656-9
  • Diaz-Maurin, François (2014). "Going beyond the Nuclear Controversy". Environmental Science & Technology 48 (1): 25–26. doi:10.1021/es405282z. PMID 24364822. Bibcode: 2014EnST...48...25D. 
  • Ferguson, Charles D.; Marburger, Lindsey E.; Farmer, J. Doyne; Makhijani, Arjun (2010). "A US nuclear future?". Nature 467 (7314): 391–3. doi:10.1038/467391a. PMID 20864972. Bibcode: 2010Natur.467..391F. 
  • Jeff Eerkens, The Nuclear Imperative: A Critical Look at the Approaching Energy Crisis (More Physics for Presidents), (2010, 2012)
  • Michael H. Fox, Why We Need Nuclear Power: The Environmental Case (2014)
  • Richard Garwin and Georges Charpak, Megawatts and Megatons: The Future of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Weapons, (2002)
  • Gabrielle Hecht, The Radiance of France: Nuclear Power and National Identity After World War II, (2009)
  • Andrew C. Kadak, A future for nuclear energy: pebble bed reactors, International Journal of Critical Infrastructure (2005)
  • Robert B. Laughlin, Powering the Future: How We Will (Eventually) Solve the Energy Crisis and Fuel the Civilization of Tomorrow (2011)
  • Kaz Makabe, Buying Time: Environmental Collapse and the Future of Energy, (2017)
  • Michael McElroy (scientist), Energy and Climate: Vision for the Future (2016)
  • Richard A. Muller, Physics for Future Presidents, (2008)
  • Reese Palley, The Answer: Why Only Mini Nuclear Power Plants Can Save Our World, (2011)
  • Rauli Partanen and Janne M. Korhonen, Climate Gamble: Is Anti-Nuclear Activism Endangering Our Future? (2015)
  • Joseph M. Shuster, Beyond Fossil Fools: The Roadmap to Energy Independence by 2040 (2008)
  • Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang, Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor, (2011)
  • Ialenti, Vincent (2016-11-14). "Alter-Ecologies: Envisioning Papal & Ecomodernist Nuclear Energy Policy Futures". Laudato Si': Reflections on the Legal, Political and Moral Authority of Catholic Social Thought in an Era of Climate Crisis (Eds Frank Pasquale & Michael Perry). Forthcoming. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 
  • Schneider, Mycle, Steve Thomas, Antony Froggatt, Doug Koplow (2016). The World Nuclear Industry Status Report: World Nuclear Industry Status as of 1 January 2016.
  • Ted Taylor (physicist) and Charles C. Humpstone, The Restoration of the Earth (1973)
  • J. Samuel Walker (2004). Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective
  • Alan E. Waltar, "America the Powerless: Facing Our Nuclear Energy Dilemma" (1995) Cogito Books
  • Alvin M. Weinberg, The Second Nuclear Era: A New Start for Nuclear Power, (1985)
  • Jiang Zemin, Research on Energy Issues in China (2008), Elsevier

External links




Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biography:Pro-nuclear_movement&oldid=3400390"