Biography:Tobias Asser
Tobias Asser | |
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Tobias Asser in 1911 | |
Born | Tobias Michel Karel Asser 28 April 1838 Amsterdam, Netherlands |
Died | 29 July 1913 The Hague, Netherlands | (aged 75)
Alma mater | University of Amsterdam Leiden University |
Spouse(s) | Johanna Ernestina Asser (m. 1864) |
Awards | Nobel Peace Prize (1911) |
Tobias Michael Carel Asser (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈtoːbiɑs miˈʃɛl ˈkaːrəl ˈɑsər]; 28 April 1838 – 29 July 1913) was a Dutch lawyer and legal scholar. In 1911, he won the Nobel Peace Prize (together with Alfred Fried) for his work in the field of private international law, and in particular for his achievements establishing the Hague Conference on Private International Law (HCCH).
Life
Tobias Michael Carel Asser was born on 28 April 1838 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in a Jewish family.[1][2] He was the son of Carel Daniel Asser (1813–1885) and grandson of Carel Asser (1780–1836). He studied law at the University of Amsterdam and Leiden University and was a law professor at the University of Amsterdam.
Asser co-founded the Revue de Droit International et de Législation Comparée with John Westlake and Gustave Rolin-Jaequemyns. He also co-founded the Institut de Droit International[3] in 1873. In 1880 he became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.[4]
The Hague Conference on Private International Law
Asser was a leading legal mind in the area of private international law and firmly believed that sound legal frameworks that govern private cross-border relationships would promote peace and stability. In 1893, Asser initiated the convocation of the First Diplomatic Session of the HCCH, the preeminent global organisation in the area of private international law. The participating States were Austria-Hungary, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, and Switzerland. Asser was elected the Session's President, and subsequently re-elected at the Second to Fourth Session which took place in 1894, 1900 and 1904 respectively. Under his leadership, the HCCH developed some multilateral treaties, the Hague Conventions, that unified the rules of private international law in the areas of Marriage (1902), Divorce (1902), Guardianship (1902), Civil Procedure (1905), Effects of Marriage (1905), and Deprivation of Civil Rights (1905).
In 1911, Asser received the Nobel Prize for Peace. In his Award Ceremony Speech on 10 December 1911, Chairman of the Nobel Committee Jørgen Gunnarsson Løvland emphasised specifically Asser's work in the field of private international law, and his achievements in establishing the HCCH, as reasons for receiving the Nobel Peace Prize, describing Asser as "a successor to or reviver of The Netherlands' pioneer work in international law in the seventeenth century", the Hugo Grotius of his time.[5]
The Hague Peace Conferences
He was a delegate of the Netherlands to both Hague Peace Conferences in 1899 and 1907.[3]
The Permanent Court of Arbitration
In 1902, he sat on the first arbitration panel to hear an international controversy brought by two states under the auspice of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which was established as a result of the Hague Peace Conference of 1899 (the Pious Fund of the Californias Case). He also took a hand in the establishment of what would become The Hague Academy of International Law, though he did not live to see its foundation in 1923.[3]
Asser died on 29 July 1913 in The Hague.
Namesake
A research institute in the fields of Private and Public International Law, European Law and International Commercial Arbitration is named after Tobias Michael Carel Asser. This is the T.M.C. Asser Instituut, based in The Hague, Netherlands.[6]
See also
- List of Jewish Nobel laureates
References
- ↑ In quest of liberty, justice, and peace: a new biography on Asser’s private and public life. Asser Institute. Retrieved on 22 July 2023.
- ↑ (in Dutch) C. G. Roelofsen, "Asser, Tobias Michel Karel (1838–1913)", Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland, 2013. Retrieved on 5 May 2015.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "In Memoriam: T. M. C. Asser". American Journal of International Law (American Society of International Law) 8 (2): 343–44. April 1914. doi:10.1017/S0002930000769867.
- ↑ "Tobias Michaël Carel Asser (1838–1913)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00000068.
- ↑ "Tobias Asser – Facts". https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1911/asser-facts.html.
- ↑ "Tobias M.C. Asser" (in en). https://www.asser.nl/about-the-asser-institute/tobias-mc-asser/.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tobias Asser. |
- Tobias Michael Carel Asser, biography in the Jewish Encyclopedia
- Miss nobel-id as parameter
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- 1901: [[Biography:Henry DunHenry Dunant / Frédéric Passy
- 1902: Élie Ducommun / Charles Gobat
- 1903: Randal Cremer
- 1904: Institut de Droit International
- 1905: Bertha von Suttner
- 1906: Theodore Roosevelt
- 1907: Ernesto Moneta / Louis Renault
- 1908: Klas Arnoldson / Fredrik Bajer
- 1909: A. M. F. Beernaert / Paul Estournelles de Constant
- 1910: International Peace Bureau
- 1911: Tobias Asser / Alfred Fried
- 1912: Elihu Root
- 1913: Henri La Fontaine
- 1914
- 1915
- 1916
- 1917: International Committee of the Red Cross
- 1918
- 1919: Woodrow Wilson
- 1920: Léon Bourgeois
- 1921: Hjalmar Branting / Christian Lange
- 1922: Fridtjof Nansen
- 1923
- 1924
- 1925: Austen Chamberlain / Charles Dawes
| group2 = 1926–1950 | list2 =
- 1926: Aristide Briand / Gustav Stresemann
- 1927: Ferdinand Buisson / Ludwig Quidde
- 1928
- 1929: Frank B. Kellogg
- 1930: Nathan Söderblom
- 1931: Jane Addams / Nicholas Butler
- 1932
- 1933: Norman Angell
- 1934: Arthur Henderson
- 1935: Carl von Ossietzky
- 1936: Carlos Saavedra Lamas
- 1937: Robert Cecil
- 1938: Nansen International Office for Refugees
- 1939
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- 1943
- 1944: International Committee of the Red Cross
- 1945: Cordell Hull
- 1946: Emily Balch / John Mott
- 1947: Friends Service Council / American Friends Service Committee
- 1948
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- 1950: Ralph Bunche
| group3 = 1951–1975 | list3 =
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- 1952: Albert Schweitzer
- 1953: George Marshall
- 1954: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- 1955
- 1956
- 1957: Lester B. Pearson
- 1958: Georges Pire
- 1959: Philip Noel-Baker
- 1960: Albert Lutuli
- 1961: Dag Hammarskjöld
- 1962: Linus Pauling
- 1963: International Committee of the Red Cross / League of Red Cross Societies
- 1964: Martin Luther King Jr.
- 1965: UNICEF
- 1966
- 1967
- 1968: René Cassin
- 1969: International Labour Organization
- 1970: Norman Borlaug
- 1971: Willy Brandt
- 1972
- 1973: Lê Đức Thọ (declined award) / Henry Kissinger
- 1974: Seán MacBride / Eisaku Satō
- 1975: Andrei Sakharov
| group4 = 1976–2000 | list4 =
- 1976: Betty Williams / Mairead Corrigan
- 1977: Amnesty International
- 1978: [[Biography:Anwar SaAnwar Sadat{{\}}Menachem Begin
- 1979: Mother Teresa
- 1980: Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
- 1981: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- 1982: Alva Myrdal / Alfonso García Robles
- 1983: Lech Wałęsa
- 1984: Desmond Tutu
- 1985: International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
- 1986: Elie Wiesel
- 1987: Óscar Arias
- 1988: UN Peacekeeping Forces
- 1989: Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)
- 1990: Mikhail Gorbachev
- 1991: Aung San Suu Kyi
- 1992: Rigoberta Menchú
- 1993: Nelson Mandela / F. W. de Klerk
- 1994: Shimon Peres / Yitzhak Rabin / Yasser Arafat
- 1995: Pugwash Conferences / Joseph Rotblat
- 1996: Carlos Belo / José Ramos-Horta
- 1997: International Campaign to Ban Landmines / Jody Williams
- 1998: John Hume / David Trimble
- 1999: Médecins Sans Frontières
- 2000: Kim Dae-jung
| group5 = 2001–present | list5 =
- 2001: United Nations / Kofi Annan
- 2002: Jimmy Carter
- 2003: Shirin Ebadi
- 2004: Wangari Maathai
- 2005: International Atomic Energy Agency / Mohamed ElBaradei
- 2006: Grameen Bank / Muhammad Yunus
- 2007: Al Gore / Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
- 2008: Martti Ahtisaari
- 2009: Barack Obama
- 2010: Liu Xiaobo
- 2011: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf / Leymah Gbowee / Tawakkol Karman
- 2012: European Union
- 2013: Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
- 2014: Kailash Satyarthi / Malala Yousafzai
- 2015: Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
- 2016: Juan Manuel Santos
- 2017: International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons
- 2018: Denis Mukwege / Nadia Murad
- 2019: Abiy Ahmed
}}
Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobias Asser.
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