Biology:Brachythoraci

Short description: Extinct suborder of fishes

Brachythoraci Temporal range: Devonian PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Dunkleosteus and Titanichthys skulls in Wyoming Dinosaur Center
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	†Placodermi
Order:	†Arthrodira
Clade:	†Phlyctaenioidei
Suborder:	†Brachythoraci Gross, 1932
Contained taxa
Eubrachythoraci Xiangshuiosteus Gemuendenaspis Dhanguura Buchanosteoidea Homosteidae Holonematidae?

Brachythoraci is an extinct suborder of arthrodire placoderms, armored fish most diverse during the Devonian.

Phylogeny

Arthrodira is divided into three main groups: the paraphyletic Actinolepida and Phlyctaenii, and then the monophyletic Brachythoraci. Brachythoraci is then further divided into the large derived clade Eubrachythoraci and several basal groups: Buchanosteoidea, Homosteidae, and Holonematidae. (Although Holonematidae's membership in Brachythoraci is disputed.)

Below is a cladogram from the 2016 Zhu et al. phylogenetic study:

Phlyctaenioidei	Elvaspis tuberculata     Dicksonosteus arcticus     Turrisaspis elektor     Groenlandaspis antarcticus     Holonema westolli   Brachythoraci Homostiidae   Homostius sulcatus     Antineosteus lehmani       Buchanosteoidea   Buchanosteus confertituberculatus     Goodradigbeeon australianum     Parabuchanosteus murrumbidgeeni         Dhanguura johnstoni       Gemuendenaspis angusta       Xiangshuiosteus wui   Eubrachythoraci Coccosteomorphi Coccosteoidea Coccosteidae     Millerosteus minor     Coccosteus cuspidatus         Dickosteus threiplandi     Watsonosteus fletti     Protitanichthys rockportensis       Panxiosteidae   Plourdosteus canadensis     Panxiosteus ocullus     Janiosteus timanicus       Incisoscutoidea   Harrytoombsia elegans       Torosteus tuberculatus     Torosteus pulchellus         Mcnamaraspis kaprios       Compagopiscis croucheri     Trematosteus fontanellus   Camuropiscidae     Incisoscutum ritchiei     Incisoscutum sarahae         Rolfosteus canningensis       Tubonasus lennardensis       Fallacosteus turneri       Camuropiscis laidlawi     Latocamurus coulthardi                     Pachyosteomorphi   Rhachiosteus pterygiatus     Dunkleosteoidea   Eastmanosteus calliaspis         Eastmanosteus pustulosus     Kiangyousteus yohii         Golshanichthys asiatica       Westralichthys uwagedensis         Dunkleosteus raveri     Dunkleosteus terrelli         Dunkleosteus amblyodoratus   Heterostiidae   Heterosteus ingens     Yinosteus major                 Aspinothoracidi   Tapinosteus heintzi         Bullerichthys fascidens       Kendrickichthys cavernosus     Bruntonichthys multidens           Dinichthys herzeri       Hadrosteus rapax       Gorgonichthys clarki   Selenosteidae   Heintzichthys gouldii     Pachyosteus bulla     Gymnotrachelus hydei     Stenosteus angustopectus     Brachyosteus dietrichi       Melanosteus occitanus     Rhinosteus parvulus	"Phlyctaenii"

References

Wikidata ☰ Q3823562 entry