Biology:Elopiformes

Elopiformes; Temporal range: Middle Jurassic–recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Tarpon, Megalops sp.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Superorder:	Elopomorpha
Order:	Elopiformes; Sauvage, 1875
Type species
	Elops saurus; Linnaeus, 1766
Families
	Elopidae; Megalopidae;
Synonyms
	Elopoidei sensu de Figueiredo et al. 2012; Megalopiformes;

Short description: Order of fishes

The Elopiformes /ˈɛləpɪfɔːrmiːz/ are the order of ray-finned fish including the tarpons, tenpounders, and ladyfish, as well as a number of extinct types. They have a long fossil record, easily distinguished from other fishes by the presence of an additional set of bones in the throat.^[2]

They are related to the order of eels, although the adults superficially resemble very large or giant herrings in appearance. The larvae, however, are leptocephalic, looking very similar to those of eels.^[2]

Classification

Although many fossil forms are known, the order is relatively small today, containing just two genera and nine species:^[3]

Order Elopiformes Gosline 1960^[4]^[5]^[6]
- Family †Anaethaliidae Gaudant 1968 [Anaethalionidae Gaudant 1967]
  - Genus †Daitingichthys Arratia 1987
  - Genus †Anaethalion White 1938 [Aethalion von Münster 1842 non Lepeletier & Serville 1828]
  - Genus †Holcolepis von der Marck 1868 [Macrolepis von der Marck 1863 non Rafinesque 1815; Rhabdolepis von der Marck 1863 non Troschel 1857; Petalolepis Geints 1868]
- Suborder Elopoidei
  - Genus †Antofagastaichthys Arratia 1986
  - Genus †Arratiaelops Taverne 1999
  - Genus †Coryphaenopsis Frič & Bayer 1902
  - Genus †Ctenodentelops Forey et al. 2003
  - Genus †Echinelops Murray & Hoşgör 2012
  - Genus †Ectasis Jordan & Gilbert 1919
  - Genus †Elopidarum
  - Genus †Elopsomolos Arratia 2000
  - Genus †Eurygnathus Agassiz 1845 non Blackburn 1888 non Davis 1887 non Wollaston 1854 [Esocelops Woodward 1901]
  - Genus †Goulmimichthys Cavin 1995
  - Genus †Hypsospondylus Gorjanovic-Kramberger 1885
  - Genus †Irenichthys Jakovlev 1968
  - Genus †Laminospondylus Springer 1957
  - Genus †Tingitanichthys Taverne 1996
  - Genus †Paraelops Silva Santos 1971
  - Genus †Ichthyemidion Poyato-Ariza 1995
  - Family †Protelopidae de Saint Seine 1949
    - Genus †Eoprotelops Saint-Seine 1949
    - Genus †Protelops Laube 1885
  - Family Elopidae Bonaparte 1832/Valenciennes 1847 (ladyfish, tenpounders)
    - Genus †Flindersichthys Longman 1932
    - Genus †Histialosa Gervais 1855
    - Genus †Lyrolepis Romanowski 1886 non Rechiger 1943
    - Genus †Nardoelops Taverne & Capasso 2012
    - Genus †Opisthopteryx Pictet & Humbert 1866
    - Genus †Palelops Applegate 1970
    - Genus †Parasyllaemus
    - Genus †Sauropsidium Costa 1850 [Hyptius Costa 1864]
    - Genus †Thrissopteroides von der Marck 1873
    - Genus †Davichthys Forey 1973
    - Genus †Naiathaelon Poyato-Ariza & Wenz 1994
    - Genus Elops Linnaeus 1766 non Bonaparte 1831 non Commerson ex Lacépède 1801 [Helops Müller 1835 non Brandt & Ratzeburg 1833 non Agassiz 1846 non Browne 1789; Ellops Minding 1832 non Gistel 1848; Alloelops (Nybelin 1979); Elops (Alloelops) Nybelin 1979; Elops (Gularus) Whitley 1940; Gularus (Whitley 1940); Mugilomorus Lacépède 1803; Trichonotus Rafinesque 1815 non Bloch & S Schneider 1801; Harengus Catesby 1771 non Geoffroy 1767 non Klein 1775 ex Walbaum 1792 non De Garsault 1764] (seven species, one of which was described in 2010)
  - Family Megalopidae Jordan 1882 (Tarpons)
    - Genus †Elopoides Wenz 1965
    - Genus †Paratarpon Bardack 1970
    - Genus †Promegalops Casier 1966
    - Genus †Protarpon Forey 1973
    - Genus †Sedenhorstia White & MoyThomas 1941 [Microcoelia Marck 1863 non Guenee 1852 non Lindley 1830 non Agardh 1876]
    - Genus †Starrias Jordan 1925
    - Genus Megalops Lacépède 1803 [Amia Browne 1756 ex Browne 1789 non Gronow 1763 ex Gray 1854 non Meuschen 1781 non Linnaeus 1766; Brisbania de Castelnau 1878; Cyprinodon Hamilton 1822 non Lacépède 1803; Oculeus Commerson ex Lacépède 1803; Tarpon Jordan & Evermann 1896] (two species)

Timeline of genera

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from: -99.6    till: -65.5    color:latecretaceous    text:Late
from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleo.
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eo. 
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligo.            
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from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Pl.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pl.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

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from: -251   till:  -199.6    color:triassic  text:Triassic         
from: -199.6    till: -145.5    color:jurassic    text:Jurassic
from: -145.5    till: -65.5   color:cretaceous    text:Cretaceous
from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene         
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from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:Q.

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color:latejurassic bar:NAM2  from:	-161.2	till:	-155.7	text:	Chongichthys
color:latejurassic bar:NAM3  from:	-152.43	till:	-150.8	text:	Eoprotelops
color:latejurassic bar:NAM4  from:	-152.43	till:	-138.93	text:	Anaethalion
color:latejurassic bar:NAM5  from:	-150.8	till:	-149.03	text:	Eichstaettia
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM6  from:	-115.25	till:	-112	text:	Notelops
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM7  from:	-115.25	till:	-70.6	text:	Osmeroides
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM8  from:	-112	till:	-99.6	text:	Flindersicthys
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM9  from:	-99.6	till:	-93.5	text:	Carsothrissops
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM10  from:	-99.6	till:	-83.5	text:	Davichthys
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM11  from:	-99.6	till:	-65.5	text:	Ostariostoma
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM12  from:	-99.6	till:	-97.6	text:	Protostomias
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM13  from:	-99.6	till:	-89.3	text:	Protelops
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM14  from:	-93.5	till:	-89.3	text:	Coryphaenopsis
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM15  from:	-93.5	till:	-70.6	text:	Tachynectes
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM16  from:	-85.8	till:	-83.5	text:	Opistopteryx
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM17  from:	-85.8	till:	-83.5	text:	Pronotacanthus
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM18  from:	-83.5	till:	-70.6	text:	Dactylopogon
color:eocene bar:NAM19  from:	-55.8	till:	-48.6	text:	Esocelops
color:eocene bar:NAM20  from:	-55.8	till:	0	text:	Elops
color:eocene bar:NAM21  from:	-37.2	till:	-33.9	text:	Lyrolepis
color:miocene bar:NAM22  from:	-11.608	till:	-5.332	text:	Ectasis

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from: -245   till:  -228    color:middletriassic  text:Middle 
from: -228   till:  -199.6    color:latetriassic  text:Late            
from: -199.6    till: -175.6    color:earlyjurassic    text:Early
from: -175.6    till: -161.2    color:middlejurassic    text:Middle
from: -161.2    till: -145.5    color:latejurassic    text:Late
from: -145.5    till: -99.6    color:earlycretaceous    text:Early
from: -99.6    till: -65.5    color:latecretaceous    text:Late
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from: -199.6    till: -145.5    color:jurassic    text:Jurassic
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from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene         
from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neogene
from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:Q.

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"Megalopiformes"

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from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eo. 
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligo.            
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color:latecretaceous bar:NAM2  from:	-99.6	till:	-70.6	text:	Sedenhorstia
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM3  from:	-83.5	till:	-70.6	text:	Paratarpon
color:eocene bar:NAM4  from:	-55.8	till:	-48.6	text:	Protarpon
color:eocene bar:NAM5  from:	-55.8	till:	-48.6	text:	Promegalops
color:miocene bar:NAM6  from:	-23.03	till:	-5.332	text:	Broweria
color:miocene bar:NAM7  from:	-11.608	till:	0	text:	Megalops

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References

↑ Werner Schwarzhans (2018). "A review of Jurassic and Early Cretaceous otoliths and the development of early morphological diversity in otoliths". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 287 (1): 75–121. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2018/0707.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 McCosker, John F. (1998). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 85–86. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
↑ Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2009). "Elopiformes" in FishBase. January 2009 version.
↑ Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Elopiformes – Tarpons and Tenpounders". http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/actinopterygii/elopiformes.html.
↑ Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118342336.
↑ van der Laan, Richard (2016). Family-group names of fossil fishes. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303911230.

Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: 560. http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class. Retrieved 2011-05-17.

External links

The inshore grand slam Article about bonefish, ladyfish and tarpon.

Wikidata ☰ Q755004 entry

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elopiformes. Read more

[1] Werner Schwarzhans (2018). "A review of Jurassic and Early Cretaceous otoliths and the development of early morphological diversity in otoliths". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 287 (1): 75–121. doi:10.1127/njgpa/2018/0707.

[EoF-2] 2.0 ^2.1 McCosker, John F. (1998). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 85–86. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.

[FB-3] Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2009). "Elopiformes" in FishBase. January 2009 version.

[mikko-4] Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Elopiformes – Tarpons and Tenpounders". http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/actinopterygii/elopiformes.html.

[Nelson-5] Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118342336.

[van_der_Laan-6] van der Laan, Richard (2016). Family-group names of fossil fishes. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303911230.

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Biology:Elopiformes

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Elopiformes Temporal range: Middle Jurassic–recent^[1] PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N

Tarpon, Megalops sp.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Superorder:	Elopomorpha
Order:	Elopiformes Sauvage, 1875
Type species
Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766
Families
Elopidae Megalopidae
Synonyms
Elopoidei sensu de Figueiredo et al. 2012 Megalopiformes

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Biology:Elopiformes

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