Biology:Gonorynchiformes

Gonorynchiformes; Temporal range: Early Cretaceous - Recent
	Milkfish, Chanos chanos
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Superorder:	Ostariophysi
Order:	Gonorynchiformes; L. S. Berg, 1940
Type species
	Gonorynchus gonorynchus; (Linnaeus, 1766)
Families
	Chanidae (milkfish); Gonorynchidae (beaked salmons); Kneriidae (shellears); Phractolaemidae (hingemouths)

Short description: Order of fishes

The Gonorynchiformes /ɡɒnəˈrɪŋkɪfɔːrmiːz/ are an order of ray-finned fish that includes the important food source, the milkfish (Chanos chanos, family Chanidae), and a number of lesser-known types, both marine and freshwater.

The alternate spelling "Gonorhynchiformes", with an "h", is frequently seen but not official.

Gonorynchiformes have small mouths and no teeth. They are the sole group in the clade Anotophysi, a subgroup of the superorder Ostariophysi. They are characterized by a primitive Weberian apparatus formed by the first three vertebrae and one or more cephalic ribs within the head. This apparatus is believed to be a hearing organ, and is found in a more advanced and complex form in the related cypriniform fish, such as carp.^[1] Also like the cypriniforms, the gonorynchiforms produce a substance from their skin when injured that dissolves into the water and acts an alarm signal to other fish.^[2]

Taxonomy

Although many of the families are rather small, there are several fossil genera. This listing of the groups of Gonorynchiformes includes fossil fish with a short description.^[1] They are listed in approximate order of how primitive their characteristics are.

Phylogeny of living Gonorynchiformes^[3]

Gonorynchiformes

Gonorynchidae

Chanos

Phractolaeminae

Kneriinae

Cromeriini

	Cromeria

	Grasseichthys

Order †Sorbininardiformes Taverne 1999
- Family †Sorbininardidae Taverne 1999
  - Genus †Sorbininardus Taverne 1999
Order Gonorynchiformes Regan 1909^[4]
- Suborder Gonorynchoidei - beaked sandfishes
  - Family †Apulichthyidae Taverne 1997
    - Genus †Apulichthys Taverne 1997
  - Family Gonorynchidae Fowler 1941
    - †Anormurus de Blainville 1818
    - †Chanopsis Casier 1961
    - †Charitopsis Gayet 1993 non Trjapitzin 1969
    - †Gonorynchidarum otolith
    - †Hakeliosomus Gayet 1993
    - †Protocatostomus Whitfield 1891
    - †Ramallichthys Gayet 1982
    - Subfamily †Charitosominae
      - †Charitosomus Hosius & Von Der Marck 1885 - Cretaceous
    - Subfamily †Judeichthyinae
      - †Judeichthys Gayet 1985
    - Subfamily Gonorynchinae
      - †Notogoneus Cope 1885 - from North America, Europe, Australia; some freshwater; Late Cretaceous to Oligocene
      - Gonorynchus Gronow 1763 ex Scopoli 1777
- Suborder Chanoidei Berg 1937
  - †Aethalinopsis Gaudant 1967 - Early Cretaceous
  - Family Chanidae Günther 1868 (milkfishes)
    - †Cabindachanos Taverne et al. 2019 - Paleocene^[5]
    - Subfamily †Rubiesichthyinae Poyata-Ariza 1996
      - Genus †Gordichthys Poyata-Ariza 1994- Early Cretaceous Chanid
      - Genus †Nanaichthys Amaral & Brito 2012
      - Genus †Rubiesichthys Wenz 1984 - Early Cretaceous Chanid
    - Subfamily Chaninae
      - Genus Chanos Lacépède 1803
      - Genus †Dastilbe Jordan 1910 - Early Cretaceous Chanid
      - Genus †Francischanos Ribeiro et al. 2022 - Early Cretaceous Chanid^[6]
      - Genus †Parachanos Arambourg & Schneegans 1935 - Early Cretaceous Chanid
      - Genus †Tharrhias Jordan & Branner 1908 - Early Cretaceous Chanid
      - Genus †Vango Murray et al. 2023 - Late Cretaceous Chanid^[7]
- Suborder Knerioidei
  - Family Kneriidae Günther 1868
    - Genus †Mahengichthys Davis, Arratia & Kaiser 2013
    - Subfamily Kneriinae (Shellears)
      - Tribe Cromeriini
        Genus Cromeria Boulenger 1901
        
        Genus Grasseichthys Géry 1964
      - Tribe Kneriini
        Genus Kneria Steindachner 1866
        
        Genus Parakneria Poll 1965
  - Family Phractolaemidae
    - Genus Phractolaemus Boulenger 1901 (Hingemouths/snake mudheads)

Timeline of genera

<timeline> ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px

Period = from:-145.5 till:15 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-145.5 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-145.5 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify

Colors =

#legends
 id:CAR	  value:claret
 id:ANK 	 value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196)
 id:HER	  value:teal
 id:HAD	  value:green
 id:OMN	  value:blue
 id:black        value:black
 id:white        value:white
 id:cretaceous   value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31)
 id:earlycretaceous   value:rgb(0.63,0.78,0.65)
 id:latecretaceous   value:rgb(0.74,0.82,0.37)
 id:cenozoic     value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258)
 id:paleogene     value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32)
 id:paleocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37)
 id:eocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42)
 id:oligocene     value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48)
 id:neogene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1)
 id:miocene     value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0)
 id:pliocene     value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68)
 id:quaternary   value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5)
 id:pleistocene   value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68)
 id:holocene   value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88)

BarData=

bar:eratop
bar:space
bar:periodtop
bar:space
bar:NAM1
bar:NAM2
bar:NAM3
bar:NAM4
bar:NAM5
bar:NAM6
bar:NAM7
bar:NAM8
bar:NAM9
bar:NAM10
bar:NAM11
bar:NAM12
bar:NAM13
bar:NAM14
bar:NAM15
bar:NAM16
bar:NAM17

bar:space
bar:period
bar:space
bar:era

PlotData=

align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25
shift:(7,-4)

bar:periodtop
from: -145.5    till: -99.6    color:earlycretaceous    text:Early
from: -99.6    till: -65.5    color:latecretaceous    text:Late
from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleo.
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eo.
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligo.
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Mio.
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Pl.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pl.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

bar:eratop
from: -145.5    till: -65.5   color:cretaceous    text:Cretaceous
from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene
from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neogene
from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:Q.

PlotData=

align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left

color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM1  from:	-145.5	till:	-140.2	text:	Aethalionopsis
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM2  from:	-140.2	till:	-130	text:	Rubiesichthys
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM3  from:	-125	till:	-112	text:	Chanopsis
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM4  from:	-125	till:	-112	text:	Dastilbe
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM5  from:	-125	till:	-112	text:	Tharrhias
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM6  from:	-125	till:	-93.5	text:	Caeus
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM7  from:	-99.6	till:	-97.6	text:	Charitopsis
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM8  from:	-99.6	till:	-97.6	text:	Judeichthys
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM9  from:	-99.6	till:	-97.6	text:	Ramallichthys
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM10  from:	-99.6	till:	-93.5	text:	Lusitanichthys
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM11  from:	-99.6	till:	-93.5	text:	Salminops
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM12  from:	-95.5	till:	-83.5	text:	Charitosomus
color:eocene bar:NAM13  from:	-55.8	till:	-48.6	text:	Halecopsis
color:eocene bar:NAM14  from:	-55.8	till:	-33.9	text:	Coelogaster
color:eocene bar:NAM15  from:	-55.8	till:	-23.03	text:	Notogoneus
color:eocene bar:NAM16  from:	-55.8	till:	0	text:	Chanos
color:oligocene bar:NAM17  from:	-33.9	till:	-28.4	text:	Neohalecopsis

PlotData=

align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25

bar:period
from: -145.5    till: -99.6    color:earlycretaceous    text:Early
from: -99.6    till: -65.5    color:latecretaceous    text:Late
from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleo.
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eo.
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligo.
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Mio.
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Pl.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pl.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

bar:era
from: -145.5    till: -65.5   color:cretaceous    text:Cretaceous
from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene
from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:Neogene
from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:Q.

</timeline>

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
↑ Banister, Keith F. (1998). Paxton, J.R.. ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 96–97. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
↑ Thomas J. Near, Alex Dornburga, Matt Friedman (2014): Phylogenetic relationships and timing of diversification in gonorynchiform fishes inferred using nuclear gene DNA sequences (Teleostei: Ostariophysi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.013
↑ Mikko Haaramo. "Gonorynchiformes". http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/actinopterygii/gonorynchiformes/gonorynchiformes.html.
↑ Taverne, Louis; Putter, Thierry DE; Mees, Florias; Smith, Thierry (2019-01-01). "Cabindachanos dartevellei gen. and sp. nov., a new chanid fish (Ostariophysi, Gonorynchiformes) from the marine Paleocene of Cabinda (Central Africa)" (in en). Geologica Belgica. doi:10.20341/gb.2018.011. ISSN 1374-8505. https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=6129.
↑ Ribeiro, Alexandre C.; Bockmann, Flávio A.; Poyato-Ariza, Francisco J. (2022-07-01). "Francischanos, a replacement genus for Dastilbe moraesi Silva-Santos, 1955, from the Quiricó Formation, Lower Cretaceous of the Sanfranciscana basin, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Gonorynchiformes)". Cretaceous Research 135: 105212. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105212. ISSN 0195-6671. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667122000763.
↑ Murray, Alison M.; Brinkman, Donald B.; Friedman, Matt; Krause, David W. (2023-10-17). "A large, freshwater chanid fish (Ostariophysi: Gonorynchiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2255630. ISSN 0272-4634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2023.2255630.

Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: 560. http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class. Retrieved 2011-05-17.

Wikidata ☰ Q755012 entry

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorynchiformes. Read more

[Nelson-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.

[EoF-2] Banister, Keith F. (1998). Paxton, J.R.. ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 96–97. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.

[Near,_Dornburga_&_Friedman-3] Thomas J. Near, Alex Dornburga, Matt Friedman (2014): Phylogenetic relationships and timing of diversification in gonorynchiform fishes inferred using nuclear gene DNA sequences (Teleostei: Ostariophysi). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.07.013

[4] Mikko Haaramo. "Gonorynchiformes". http://www.helsinki.fi/~mhaaramo/metazoa/deuterostoma/chordata/actinopterygii/gonorynchiformes/gonorynchiformes.html.

[5] Taverne, Louis; Putter, Thierry DE; Mees, Florias; Smith, Thierry (2019-01-01). "Cabindachanos dartevellei gen. and sp. nov., a new chanid fish (Ostariophysi, Gonorynchiformes) from the marine Paleocene of Cabinda (Central Africa)" (in en). Geologica Belgica. doi:10.20341/gb.2018.011. ISSN 1374-8505. https://popups.uliege.be/1374-8505/index.php?id=6129.

[6] Ribeiro, Alexandre C.; Bockmann, Flávio A.; Poyato-Ariza, Francisco J. (2022-07-01). "Francischanos, a replacement genus for Dastilbe moraesi Silva-Santos, 1955, from the Quiricó Formation, Lower Cretaceous of the Sanfranciscana basin, Brazil (Ostariophysi: Gonorynchiformes)". Cretaceous Research 135: 105212. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105212. ISSN 0195-6671. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667122000763.

[7] Murray, Alison M.; Brinkman, Donald B.; Friedman, Matt; Krause, David W. (2023-10-17). "A large, freshwater chanid fish (Ostariophysi: Gonorynchiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of Madagascar". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. doi:10.1080/02724634.2023.2255630. ISSN 0272-4634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2023.2255630.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

Anonymous

Search

Biology:Gonorynchiformes

Namespaces

More

Page actions

Taxonomy

Timeline of genera

References

Navigation

Navigation

Help

Translate

Wiki tools

Wiki tools

Gonorynchiformes Temporal range: Early Cretaceous - Recent

Milkfish, Chanos chanos
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Superorder:	Ostariophysi
Order:	Gonorynchiformes L. S. Berg, 1940
Type species
Gonorynchus gonorynchus (Linnaeus, 1766)
Families
Chanidae (milkfish) Gonorynchidae (beaked salmons) Kneriidae (shellears) Phractolaemidae (hingemouths)

Anonymous

Search

Biology:Gonorynchiformes

Taxonomy

Timeline of genera

References

Navigation

Wiki tools

Page tools

Other projects

Categories