Biology:List of Anseriformes by population

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Short description: List of duck, goose, swan, and screamer populations


Template:Birds by population sidebar This is a list of Anseriformes species by global population. Where possible, estimates are given for both the population of mature individuals, and the total global population. This list follows IUCN classifications for species names and taxonomy. Where IUCN classifications differ from other ornithological authorities, alternative names and species classifications are noted.

Anseriformes (Anser being Latin for "goose") is the taxonomic order to which the ducks, geese, swans, and screamers belong. Version 15.1 (2025) of the IOC World Bird List describes 178 species belonging to Anseriformes, six of which are extinct.[1] As of December 2025, BirdLife International has assessed 176 species (excepting Mexican Duck and the split of Taiga/Tundra bean goose); 168 (95% of assessed species) have had total or breeding population estimated. A variety of methods are used for counting waterfowl. For example, in North America, national and sub-national agencies use planes and helicopters to make aerial transects of breeding populations, and extrapolate these counts over the species' known ranges. Methodologies are continuously being refined; thus estimates can be expected to become more accurate over time. Forecasts can be made by studying habitat condition trends and by interviewing local experts.[2] For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

The first two birds in this list, the pink-headed duck and crested shelduck, retain a status of Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List but may be extinct. The last sighting of the former occurred in 1948-1949, but some dispute this date and argue the species was last reliably documented in the 1930s, 1923, or 1910.[3][4] The last pink-headed ducks in captivity died in the 1940s.[3] Unconfirmed reports from Myanmar provide some hope this species is still extant.[3]

The last confirmed reporting of the crested shelduck was in 1964 near Vladivostok. A disputed record from North Korea was claimed in March 1971. Unconfirmed reports from Northeast China are the best chance this species is still extant.[5] To be assessed as Critically Endangered, a species must have experienced a decline of at least 80% in the past ten years or three generations, or be projected to decline that much in the future ten years or three generations.[6] Some species included in this list are rapidly approaching their minimum viable population (MVP) , at which point the species would become functionally extinct.

Extinct species

  • Réunion shelduck or Réunion sheldgoose; Alopochen kervazoi: known only from fossils; extinct by 1710.[7]
  • Mauritius shelduck or Mauritius sheldgoose; Alopochen mauritania: described by Johannes Pretorius (as sheldgoose) in 1669; extinct by 1698.[8][9]
  • Amsterdam duck or Amsterdam wigeon; Mareca marecula: known from fossils, extinct by 1793 due to hunting and introduced rats.[10][11]
  • Mauritius duck or Mascarene teal; Anas theodori: early explorers described "a great number of grey teal" on Mauritius in 1681, which may have referred to this bird.[12] Last reported in 1696.[13]
  • Mariana mallard; Anas oustaleti: considered by some taxonomists to be a subspecies of the mallard or American black duck. Last known individual died in captivity in 1981.[14]
  • Finsch's duck; Chenonetta finschi: once very abundant, went extinct between 1250-1860.[15][16]
  • Labrador duck; Camptorhynchus labradorius: hunted to extinction; last seen in 1875.[17]
  • New Zealand merganser or Auckland Island merganser; Mergus australis: hunted to extinction; last recorded in 1902.[18]

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Pink-headed duck Rhodonessa caryophyllacea 0-49[3] Template:IUCN-CR[3] ?[3] May be extinct. No documented sightings have occurred since the early 20th century.[3]

Rhodonessa Caryophyllacea Pink headed duck India

Crested shelduck Tadorna cristata 1-49[19] Template:IUCN-CR[19] ?[19] May be extinct. Last reliable sighting occurred in 1964.[20] 175px
Madagascar pochard Aythya innotata 30-50[21] Template:IUCN-CR[21] Steady[21] Rediscovered in 2006. Best estimate of current mature individuals is 45.[21] 175px
Brazilian merganser Mergus octosetaceus 50-249[22] Template:IUCN-CR[22] Decrease[22] This is a precautionary estimate. Actual population may exceed this estimate.[22] 175px
White-winged duck Asarcornis scutulata 150-450[23] Template:IUCN-CR[23] Decrease[23] 175px
Baer's pochard Aythya baeri 150-700[24] Template:IUCN-CR[24] Decrease[24] 175px
Laysan duck Anas laysanensis 500-680[25] Template:IUCN-CR[25] Increase[25] The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service estimated in 2022 that total population contains 1413 individuals between populations on Laysan, Midway, and Kure.[26]

Laysan Duck pair on Eastern Island on Midway Atoll (14997442439)

Campbell teal Anas nesiotis > c. 500[27] Template:IUCN-VU[27] Steady[27] No formal count has been conducted. This is an opportunistic estimate.[27] 175px
Madagascar teal

(Bernier's teal)

Anas bernieri 630-1,900[28] Template:IUCN-EN[28] Decrease[28] Total population is not given. This estimate for mature individuals is based on multiple counts.[28] 175px
Hawaiian duck Anas wyvilliana 700-999[29] Template:IUCN-VU[29] Increase[29] Total population estimated at 751-1,185 individuals.[29] 175px
Auckland teal Anas aucklandica 330-1,700

1,000-1,700[30]

Template:IUCN-NT[30] Steady[30] First given estimate is obtained from considering multiple counts over the years. The second is purely the 2021 estimate.[30] 175px
Andaman teal Anas albogularis 1,000-2,500[31] Template:IUCN-NT[31] Steady[31] Estimate is for mature individuals only; numbers may be higher.[31]
Meller's duck Anas melleri 1,300-3,300[32] Template:IUCN-EN[32] Decrease[32] Total population estimated at 2,000-5,000 individuals.[32] 175px
Blue duck Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos 1,500-2,499[33] Template:IUCN-EN[33] Decrease[33] 175px
Brown teal Anas chlorotis 1,600-2,200[34] Template:IUCN-NT[34] Increase[34] Total population estimated at 2,400-3,400 individuals.[34] 175px
Hawaiian goose

(Nēnē)

Branta sandvicensis 1,700-2,200[35] Template:IUCN-NT[35] Increase[35] 175px
Scaly-sided merganser Mergus squamatus 2,000-3,500[36] Template:IUCN-EN[36] Decrease[36] 175px
Spectacled duck

(Bronze-winged teal)

Speculanas specularis 2,500-9,999[37] Template:IUCN-NT[37] Decrease[37] Population size has not been directly estimated. Number of mature individuals likely toward lower end of estimate.[37] 175px
Blue-winged goose Cyanochen cyanoptera 3,000-7,000[38] Template:IUCN-NT[38] Decrease[38] 175px
White-headed steamerduck

(Chubut steamer duck)

Tachyeres leucocephalus 3,400-3,700[39] Template:IUCN-VU[39] Decrease[39] Total population estimated at 5,300-5,600 individuals from a count in 2011.[39] 175px
Maccoa duck Oxyura maccoa 4,800-5,700[40] Template:IUCN-EN[40] Decrease[40] Estimate from observations in East and South Africa.[40] 175px
White-headed duck Oxyura leucocephala 5,300-8,700[41] Template:IUCN-EN[41] Decrease[41] Total population estimated at 7,900-20,000 individuals based on separate metrics. A large portion of the population (central Asia) is likely not recorded.[41] 175px
West Indian whistling-duck Dendrocygna arborea 6,000-15,000[42] Template:IUCN-NT[42] Decrease[42] Total population conservatively estimated at 10,000-19,999 individuals.[42] 175px
Spotted whistling-duck Dendrocygna guttata 6,700-17,000[43] Template:IUCN-LC[43] Steady[43] Total population estimated at 10,000-25,000 individuals.[43] 175px
Magellanic steamerduck

(Flightless steamer duck; Fuegian steamer duck)

Tachyeres pteneres 6,700-67,000[44] Template:IUCN-LC[44] Steady[44] There is little to no evidence of any declines in population, so assumed to be stable. There is no total population estimate.[44]

Tachyeres pteneres (Fuegian Steamer Duck - Magellan-Dampfschiffente) - Weltvogelpark Walsrode 2012-10

Coscoroba swan Coscoroba coscoroba 7,000-19,999[45] Template:IUCN-LC[45] Steady [45] Total population estimated at 10,000-25,000 individuals.[45] 175px
Freckled duck Stictonetta naevosa 7,300-17,000[46] Template:IUCN-LC[46] Steady[46] Total population estimated at 11,000-26,000 individuals.[46] 175px
Flying steamerduck Tachyeres patachonicus 7,300-18,000[47] Template:IUCN-LC[47] Decrease[47] Global population is estimated at 11,000-26,000 individuals. Falkland Islands population is estimated at 600–1,200 total birds.[47] 175px
White-backed duck Thalassornis leuconotus 8,500-20,000[48] Template:IUCN-LC[48] Decrease[48] Total population estimated at 13,000-30,000 individuals.[48] 175px
Salvadori's teal Salvadorina waigiuensis >10,000[49] Template:IUCN-LC[49] ?[49] Population size has not been quantified. Estimate given is based on extremely rough estimates for LC classification.[49] 175px
Black-headed duck Heteronetta atricapilla 10,000-25,000*[50] Template:IUCN-LC[50] ?[50] *This population estimate is an outdated best guess, and likely a large underestimate. It has not been censused over most of its range.[50] Heteronetta atricapilla 250319165
Marbled duck Marmaronetta angustirostris 10,000-42,000[51] Template:IUCN-NT[51] Decrease[51] Total population is estimated at 15,000-61,250 individuals. Species counts come from four discrete flyways, some of which are outdated.[51] 175px
Sunda teal Anas gibberifrons 10,000-100,000[52] Template:IUCN-LC[52] ?[52] Total population is unknown.[52]
Cape Barren goose Cereopsis novaehollandiae 11,000-12,000[53] Template:IUCN-LC[53] Steady[53] Total population estimated at 16,000-18,000 individuals.[53] 175px
Blue-billed duck Oxyura australis 11,000-19,000[54] Template:IUCN-LC[54] Steady[54] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 15,000.[54] 175px
Torrent duck Merganetta armata 13,300-23,500[55] Template:IUCN-LC[55] Decrease[55] Total population estimated to be 20,000-35,200 individuals.[55] 175px
Cape shoveler Spatula smithii 13,300-33,300[56] Template:IUCN-LC[56] Increase[56] Total population estimated to be 20,000-50,000 individuals.[56] 175px
Radjah shelduck Radjah radjah 13,300-133,000[57] Template:IUCN-LC[57] Decrease[57] Total population is estimated to be 20,000-200,000 individuals.[57] Radjah radjah 583099046
Philippine duck Anas luzonica 15,000-30,000[58] Template:IUCN-LC[58] Steady[58] Total population is estimated to fall between 20,000 and 40,000 from post-2020 censuses.[58] 175px
Orinoco goose Neochen jubata 15,000-40,000[59] Template:IUCN-LC[59] Decrease[59] 175px
Lesser white-fronted goose Anser erythropus 16,000-27,000[60] Template:IUCN-VU[60] Decrease[60] Global population estimated to be 24,000-40,000 individuals.[60] Current European breeding population estimated ~420 birds.[61] 175px
Masked duck Nomonyx dominicus 16,000-200,000[62] Template:IUCN-LC[62] Steady[62] These are extreme estimates due to uncertainty on population.[62] 175px
Comb duck Sarkidiornis sylvicola 16,700-66,700[63] Template:IUCN-LC[63] Decrease[63] Total population estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals.[63] 175px
Horned screamer Anhima cornuta 16,700-66,700[64] Template:IUCN-LC[64] Steady[64] Total population estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals.[64] Anhima cornuta (Vincent Vos)
Ashy-headed goose Chloephaga poliocephala 16,700-66,700[65] Template:IUCN-LC[65] Decrease[65] Total population estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals.[65] Chloephaga poliocephala -Patagonia-8
Andean goose Chloephaga melanoptera 16,700-66,700[66] Template:IUCN-LC[66] Steady[66] Total population estimated to be 25,000-100,000 individuals.[66] Andengans Chloephaga melanoptera 050805
Hartlaub's duck Pteronetta hartlaubii 16,700-73,300[67] Template:IUCN-LC[67] Decrease[67] Total population estimated to be 25,001-110,000 individuals.[67] 175px
Red shoveler Spatula platalea 16,700-667,000[68] Template:IUCN-LC[68] Steady[68] Total population is estimated to be 25,000-1,000,000 individuals.[68] Spatula platalea 295509101
Cape teal Anas capensis 17,200-55,000[69] Template:IUCN-LC[69] Decrease[69] Total population is estimated to be 25,751-82,500 individuals.[69] Cape Teal (Anas capensis) (2)
Black-necked swan Cygnus melancoryphus 17,300-67,900[70] Template:IUCN-LC[70] Steady[70] Total population is estimated to be 25,900-101,800 individuals.[70] Black-necked swan (Cygnus melancoryphus) Santiago
Red-breasted goose Branta ruficollis 19,000-48,000[71] Template:IUCN-VU[71] Decrease[71] Best estimate for breeding population is 33,000. Total population estimated to be 28,100-72,600.[71][72] 175px
African black duck Anas sparsa 19,400-46,700[73] Template:IUCN-LC[73] Decrease[73] Total population is estimated to be 29,100-70,100 individuals.[73] African Black Duck, Anas sparsa at Rietvlei Nature Reserve - 49151862582
South African shelduck Tadorna cana 20,000[74] Template:IUCN-LC[74] Decrease[74] Total population is estimated to be 30,000 individuals.[74] Tadorna cana, Etosha NP, Namibia 311071331
Andean teal Anas andium 20,000-30,000[75] Template:IUCN-LC[75] Decrease[75] Total population estimated to be <40,000 individuals.[75] Anas andium Garceta barcina Andean Teal (8277653772)
Musk duck Biziura lobata 20,000-49,999[76] Template:IUCN-LC[76] Decrease[76] Total population estimated to be 10,000-60,000 individuals.[76] 175px
Southern pochard Netta erythrophthalma 20,000-65,000[77] Template:IUCN-LC[77] Steady[77] Total population estimated to be 30,002-97,500 individuals.[77] Netta erythrophthalma 241803896
New Zealand scaup Aythya novaeseelandiae 20,000-100,000[78] Template:IUCN-LC[78] Increase[78] 175px
Andean duck Oxyura ferruginea 23,300-73,300[79] Template:IUCN-LC[79] Decrease[79] Total population is estimated to be 35,000-110,000 individuals.[79] 175px
Lake duck Oxyura vittata 25,000-100,000[80] Template:IUCN-LC[80] Steady[80] Values given are total estimated population size.[80] 175px
Ringed teal Callonetta leucophrys 25,000-100,000[81] Template:IUCN-LC[81] Decrease[81] Values given are total estimated population size.[81] 175px
Falkland steamerduck Tachyeres brachypterus 27,000-48,000[82] Template:IUCN-LC[83] Steady[83] IUCN does not provide a population estimate.[83]

Values are likely outdated, with the last survey of this species concluding in 1993.[82]

Tachyeres brachypterus 181347302
Crested duck Lophonetta specularioides 27,300-107,000[84] Template:IUCN-LC[84] Steady[84] Total population is estimated to be 41,000-161,000 individuals.[84] Lophonetta specularioides -Puerto Natales, Patagonia, Chile-8 (1)
Ruddy-headed goose Chloephaga rubidiceps 28,500-54,700[85] Template:IUCN-LC[85] Steady[85] Total population is estimated to be 42,744-82,000 individuals.[85] 175px
Southern pintail

(Eaton's pintail)

Anas eatoni 30,000-40,000[86] Template:IUCN-LC[86] Decrease[86] Total population is estimated at 45,000-60,000 in Kergeulen Islands; additional 1,800-2,100 in Crozet Islands.[86] 175px
Bar-headed goose Anser indicus 32,300-36,400[87] Template:IUCN-LC[88] Decrease[88] IUCN does not report a population estimate.[88]

Values are likely outdated, with the most recent surveys coming from the late 1990s.[87]

Streifengans - Indische Gans - Anser indicus - 03
Green pygmy-goose Nettapus pulchellus 33,300-133,000[89] Template:IUCN-LC[89] ?[89] Total population is estimated to be 50,000-200,000 individuals.[89] Green Pygmy Goose 3009
Silver teal Spatula versicolor 34,900-136,000[90] Template:IUCN-LC[90] Steady[90] Total population is estimated to be 52,400-204,500 individuals.[90] Spatula versicolor versicolor - David F. Belmonte - 442618495
Swan goose Anser cygnoides 36,000-43,500[91] Template:IUCN-EN[91] Decrease[91] Total population is estimated to be 54,400 individuals.[91] 175px
Blue-billed teal Spatula hottentota 36,700-141,000[92] Template:IUCN-LC[92] Decrease[92] Total population is estimated to be 55,100-211,000 individuals.[92] Blue-billed Teal (Spatula hottentota) at Marievale Nature Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (20971147368)
African pygmy-goose Nettapus auritus 38,300-213,000[93] Template:IUCN-LC[93] Steady[93] Total population is estimated to be 57,500-320,000 individuals.[93] African Pygmy-Goose (Nettapus auritus) male ... (51901666640)
Kelp goose Chloephaga hybrida 40,000-116,000[94] Template:IUCN-LC[94] Steady[94] Total population is estimated to be 50,000-140,000 individuals, with two major populations split between continental South America and the Falkland Islands.[94] Kelp Goose SOARA
Trumpeter swan Cygnus buccinator 50,000[95] Template:IUCN-LC[95] Increase[95] Total population is estimated at 76,000 individuals.[95]

Trumpeter swan (91399)

Muscovy duck Cairina moschata 50,000-499,999[96] Template:IUCN-LC[96] Decrease[96] Values given are total estimated population size.[96] 175px
Smew Mergellus albellus 58,700-144,000[97] Template:IUCN-LC[97] ?[97] Total population is estimated to be 88,000-216,000 individuals.[97] 175px
Northern screamer Chauna chavaria 60,000-130,000[98] Template:IUCN-LC[98] Steady[98] Total population estimated at 100,000-200,000 individuals.[98] Chauna chavaria
Knob-billed duck Sarkidiornis melanotos 60,000-227,000[99] Template:IUCN-LC[99] Decrease[99] Total population is estimated at 90,000-340,000 individuals.[99] Knob-billed duck (Sarkidiornis melanotos) male
Mandarin duck Aix galericulata 65,000-66,000[100] Template:IUCN-LC[100] Decrease[100] Values given are total estimated population size. Estimate is collated from four national populations.[100] 175px
Pink-eared duck Malacorhynchus membranaceus 66,000-670,000[101] Template:IUCN-LC[101] Steady[101] Total population is estimated to be 100,000-1,000,000 individuals.[101] Malacorhynchus membranaceus CAF - Bushell's Lagoon
Maned duck

(Australian wood duck)

Chenonetta jubata 66,000-670,000[102] Template:IUCN-LC[102] Steady[102] Total population is estimated to be 100,000-1,000,000 individuals.[102] Chenonetta jubata male - Lake Parramatta Reserve
Southern screamer Chauna torquata 66,700-667,000[103] Template:IUCN-LC[103] Steady[103] Total population estimated to be 100,000-1,000,000 individuals.[103] Chauna torquata (Vincent Vos)
Puna teal Spatula puna 66,700-667,000[104] Template:IUCN-LC[104] Steady[104] Total population estimated to be 100,000-1,000,000 individuals.[104] Puna Teal (Anas puna) RWD
Plumed whistling-duck Dendrocygna eytoni 66,700-667,000[105] Template:IUCN-LC[105] Steady[105] Total population estimated to be 100,000-1,000,000 individuals.[105] Plumed Whistling-Duck swimming
Hardhead Aythya australis 66,700-667,000[106] Template:IUCN-LC[106] Steady[106] Total population estimated to be 100,001-1,001,000 individuals.[106] Hardhead male
Chiloe wigeon Mareca sibilatrix 67,700-668,000[107] Template:IUCN-LC[107] Steady[107] Total population is estimated to be 101,500-1,002,700 individuals.[107] Chiloe wigeon (Mareca sibilatrix) male Tricao 3
Yellow-billed pintail Anas georgica 67,900-675,000[108] Template:IUCN-LC[108] Steady[108] Total population is estimated to be 101,801-1,013,000 individuals.[108] Anas georgica -Puerto Natales, Patagonia, Chile-8 (1)
Chestnut teal Anas castanea 70,000[109] Template:IUCN-LC[109] ?[109] Total population is estimated to be 105,000 individuals.[109] Anas castanea
Indian spot-billed duck Anas poecilorhyncha 73,300-133,000[110] Template:IUCN-LC[110] ?[110] Total population is estimated to be 110,000-200,000 individuals.[110]

Indian Spot-billed Duck Karanji Mysore Dec23 A7C 08345

Cotton pygmy-goose Nettapus coromandelianus 83,300-741,000[111] Template:IUCN-LC[111] ?[111] Total population is estimated to be 125,002-1,111,000 individuals.[111] 175px
Australasian shoveler Spatula rhynchotis 86,700-163,000[112] Template:IUCN-LC[112] ?[112] Total population is estimated to be 130,001-245,000 individuals.[112] Australasian shoveler swimming in the Mawaihakona Stream in Silverstream Upper Hutt
Falcated duck Mareca falcata 87,000-100,000[113] Template:IUCN-LC[113] Steady[113] Total population is estimated to be 132,500-150,000 individuals.[113] 175px
Emperor goose Anser canagicus 90,000-120,000[114] Template:IUCN-LC[114] Increase[114] Total population is estimated to be 158,000 individuals.[114] 175px
Yellow-billed duck Anas undulata 93,300-243,000[115] Template:IUCN-LC[115] Steady[115] Total population is estimated to be 140,001-365,000 individuals.[115] Anas undulata with grass
Paradise shelduck Tadorna variegata 100,000-120,000[116] Template:IUCN-LC[116] Steady[116] Total population is estimated to be 150,000-180,000 individuals.[116] Paradise-Shelduck-pair
Whooper swan Cygnus cygnus 100,000-499,999[117] Template:IUCN-LC[117] Increase[117] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 176,000.

Total population is estimated to be 264,600 individuals.[117]

175px
Pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus 100,000-499,999[118] Template:IUCN-LC[118] Increase[118] Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 387,000.

Total population is estimated to be 580,000 individuals.[118]

2019-03-25 Anser brachyrhynchus, Killingworth Lake, Northumberland 1

Wandering whistling-duck Dendrocygna arcuata 100,000-1,000,000[119] Template:IUCN-LC[120] Decrease[120] IUCN does not report a population estimate.[120]

Values are likely outdated, with the most recent surveys coming from the late 1990s.[119]

Wandering Whistling Duck, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia 1
Black swan Cygnus atratus 100,000-1,000,000[121] Template:IUCN-LC[121] Steady[121] Values given are total estimated population size.[121] 175px
Australian shelduck Tadorna tadornoides 101,000-827,000[122] Template:IUCN-LC[122] Increase[122] Total population is estimated to be 151,600-1,240,000 individuals.[122] Tadorna tadornoides female 1 - Perth
Brazilian teal Amazonetta brasiliensis 110,000-1,100,000[123] Template:IUCN-LC[124] Decrease[124] IUCN does not report a population estimate.[124]

Values are likely outdated, with the most recent surveys coming from 1990.[123]

Amazonetta brasiliensis
White-cheeked pintail Anas bahamensis 118,000-720,000[125] Template:IUCN-LC[125] Decrease[125] Total population is estimated to be 177,000-1,080,000 individuals.[125] White-cheeked Pintail RWD
Pacific black duck Anas superciliosa 120,000-783,000[126] Template:IUCN-LC[126] Decrease[126] Total population is estimated to be 180,001-1,175,000 individuals.[126] 175px
Upland goose Chloephaga picta 125,000-270,000[127] Template:IUCN-LC[127] Decrease[127] Total population is estimated to be 188,000-405,000 individuals.[127] Upland goose tierra del fuego np 1.12.25 DSC 2014-topaz-rawdenoise
Steller's eider Polysticta stelleri 130,000-150,000[128] Template:IUCN-VU[128] Decrease[128] Values given are total estimated population size.[128] 175px
Lesser whistling-duck Dendrocygna javanica 133,000-1,330,000[129] Template:IUCN-LC[129] Decrease[129] Total population is estimated to be 200,000-2,000,000 individuals.[129] 175px
Ruddy shelduck Tadorna ferruginea 134,000-198,000[130] Template:IUCN-LC[130] Increase[130] Total population is estimated to be 201,030-297,080 individuals.[130] 175px
Velvet scoter Melanitta fusca 141,000-268,000[131] Template:IUCN-VU[131] Decrease[131] Total population is estimated to be 210,000-400,000 individuals.[131]

Melanitta fusca (cropped)

Grey teal Anas gracilis 147,000-747,000[132] Template:IUCN-LC[132] Decrease[132] Total population estimated to be 220,000-1,120,001 individuals.[132] 175px
Barrow's goldeneye Bucephala islandica 175,000-200,000[133] Template:IUCN-LC[133] Steady[133] Total population is estimated to be 260,000-300,000 individuals, though this is a rough estimate due to counting methods for populations in Alaska.[133]

European population (1600-1800 mature individuals) is Near Threatened.[134]

175px
Ferruginous duck Aythya nyroca 180,000-240,000[135] Template:IUCN-NT[135] Decrease[135] Values given are total estimated population size.[135] 175px
Harlequin duck Histrionicus histrionicus 190,000-380,000[136] Template:IUCN-LC[136] Increase[136] Values given are total estimated population size.[136] 175px
Spur-winged Goose Plectropterus gambensis 200,000-333,000[137] Template:IUCN-LC[137] Steady[137] Total population is estimated to be 300,000-500,000 individuals.[137] Spur-winged goose, South Luangwa National Park (51866466429)
Black-bellied whistling-duck Dendrocygna autumnalis 200,000-2,000,000[138] Template:IUCN-LC[138] Increase[138] IUCN does not provide a total population estimate.[138] Partners in Flight estimates breeding population at 1,000,000 individuals.[139] 175px
Tundra swan Cygnus columbianus 221,000-234,000[140] Template:IUCN-LC[140] Steady[140] Total population is estimated to be 332,000-352,000 individuals.[140] European population classified as Vulnerable.[141] 175px
Spectacled eider Somateria fischeri 250,000[142] Template:IUCN-NT[142] Decrease[142] Total population is estimated to be 360,000-400,000 individuals.[142] 175px
Surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata 250,000-1,300,000[143] Template:IUCN-LC[143] Decrease[143] Values given are total estimated population size.[143] 175px
Red-crested pochard Netta rufina 300,000-440,000[144] Template:IUCN-LC[144] Steady[144] Total population is estimated to be 450,000-660,000.[144] 175px
Mute swan Cygnus olor 308,000-348,000[145] Template:IUCN-LC[145] Increase[145] Total population (including introduced range) is estimated to be 461,300-522,400 individuals.[145] 175px
Baikal teal Sibirionetta formosa 333,000-467,000[146] Template:IUCN-LC[146] Steady[146] Total population is estimated to be 500,000-700,000 individuals.[146] Sibirionetta formosa 01
Black scoter Melanitta americana 350,000-560,000[147] Template:IUCN-NT[147] Decrease[147] Total population is estimated to be 350,000-560,000 individuals.[147] Black scoter barnegat lighthouse sp 2.18.23 DSC 3079-topaz-denoiseraw-sharpen
Cinnamon teal Spatula cyanoptera 380,000[148] Template:IUCN-LC[148] Decrease[148] IUCN does not provide a total population estimate.[148] A Pair of Cinnamon Teal (8600075301)
White-winged scoter Melanitta deglandi 400,000[139] Template:IUCN-LC[149] Decrease[149] IUCN does not provide population estimates for this bird.[149]

Values given come from Partners in Flight estimate.

175px
Siberian scoter

(Stejneger's scoter)

Melanitta stenjnegeri 400,000-700,000[150] Template:IUCN-LC[150] Decrease[150] Total population is estimated to be 600,000-1,000,000 individuals.[150] Melanitta stejnegeri 110567157
Red-billed teal Anas erythrorhyncha 410,000-790,000[151] Template:IUCN-LC[151] Decrease[151] Total population is estimated to be 615,000-1,185,000 individuals.[151] Red-billed Pintail (Anas erythrorhyncha) RWD1
Common shelduck Tadorna tadorna 415,000-500,000[152] Template:IUCN-LC[152] Increase[152] Total population is estimated to be 625,000-750,000 individuals.[152] 175px
Mottled duck Anas fulvigata 464,000[153] Template:IUCN-LC[153] Decrease[153] Total population is estimated to be 695,000 individuals.[153]

Note that IUCN/BirdLife International currently consider the Mexican duck (Anas diazi) to be a subspecies of mottled duck.[154]

MottledDuck Gam
Brent goose

(Brant)

Branta bernicla 490,000[155] Template:IUCN-LC[155] ?[155] IUCN does not provide a total population estimate. European population is 3,000-3,600 mature individuals.[155] 175px
Red-breasted merganser Mergus serrator 495,000-605,000[156] Template:IUCN-LC[156] Steady[156] Values given are total estimated population size.[156] European breeding populations are classified as Near Threatened.[157] 175px
Egyptian goose Alopochen aegyptiaca >500,000[158] Template:IUCN-LC[159] Decrease[159] IUCN does not report a population estimate.[159]

Value given is a rough estimate ca. 2008. This species is invasive on several continents, with increasing populations in at least North America and Europe.[158]

Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca), Lake Ziway, Ethiopia
Magpie goose Anseranas semipalmata 667,000[160] Template:IUCN-LC[160] Steady[160] Total population estimated to be 1,000,000 individuals.[160] 175px
Rosy-billed pochard Netta peposaca 667,000[161] Template:IUCN-LC[161] Increase[161] Total population estimated to be 1,000,000 individuals.[161] 175px
Bean goose Anser fabalis 680,000-800,000[162] Template:IUCN-LC[162] Decrease[162] Values given are estimated total population size.[162]

Note that the IOU split this species into the separate Taiga bean goose and Tundra bean goose.[1] This split has not been recognized by the IUCN.

175px
Canvasback Aythya valisineria 690,000[163] Template:IUCN-LC[163] Increase[163] No total population estimate given.[163] 175px
Yellow-billed teal Anas flavirostris 695,000-755,000[164] Template:IUCN-LC[164] Steady[164] Total population estimated to be 1.04-1.13 million individuals.[164] Pato Jergón Chico Anas Flavirostris (188076575)
American black duck Anas rubripes 700,000[165] Template:IUCN-LC[165] Decrease[165] No total population estimate given.[165] 175px
Common pochard Aythya ferina 760,000-790,000[166] Template:IUCN-VU[166] Decrease[166] Total population estimated to be 1.14-1.18 million individuals.[166] 175px
King eider Somateria spectabilis 800,000-900,000[167] Template:IUCN-LC[167] Decrease[167] Values given are estimated total population size.[167] 175px
Eastern spot-billed duck Anas zonorhyncha 800,000-1,600,000[168] Template:IUCN-LC[168] Decrease[168] Values given are estimated total population size.[168] 175px
Fulvous whistling-duck Dendrocygna bicolor 820,000-980,000[169] Template:IUCN-LC[169] Decrease[169] Total population estimated to be 1.23-1.47 million individuals.[169] 175px
Barnacle goose Branta leucopsis 880,000[170] Template:IUCN-LC[170] Increase[170] Values given are estimated total population size.[170] 175px
Greylag goose Anser anser 1,000,000-1,100,000[171] Template:IUCN-LC[171] Increase[171] Values given are estimated total population size.[171] 175px
Garganey Spatula querquedula 1,030,000-1,700,000[172] Template:IUCN-LC[172] Decrease[172] Total population estimated to be 1.55-2.55 million individuals.[172] 175px
Common scoter Melanitta nigra 1,070,000[173] Template:IUCN-LC[173] ?[173] Total population estimated to be 1.6 million individuals.[173] Melanitta nigra (cropped)
Hooded merganser Lophodytes cucullatus 1,100,000[174] Template:IUCN-LC[174] Increase[174] Values given are estimated total population size.[174] 175px
Redhead Aythya americana 1,200,000[175] Template:IUCN-LC[175] Increase[175] No total population estimate given.[175] 175px
Bufflehead Bucephala albeola 1,300,000[176] Template:IUCN-LC[176] Increase[176] No total population estimate given.[176] 175px
Tufted duck Aythya fuligula 1,330,000-1,730,000[177] Template:IUCN-LC[177] Decrease[177] Total population estimated to be 2.0-2.6 million individuals.[177] 175px
White-faced whistling-duck Dendrocygna viduata 1,410,000-1,700,000[178] Template:IUCN-LC[178] Increase[178] Total population estimated to be 2.12-2.55 million individuals.[178] 175px
Common eider Somateria mollissima 1,580,000-1,910,000[179] Template:IUCN-NT[179] ?[179] Total population estimated to be 3.3-4.0 million individuals.[179] 175px
Ruddy duck Oxyura jamaicensis 1,700,000[139] Template:IUCN-LC[180] Decrease[180] IUCN does not provide population estimates for this bird.[180]

Values given come from Partners in Flight estimate of global breeding population.

Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) RWD2
Goosander

(Common merganser)

Mergus merganser 1,700,000-2,400,000[181] Template:IUCN-LC[181] ?[181] Values given are estimated total population size.[181] 175px
Eurasian wigeon Mareca penelope 1,770,000-2,390,000[182] Template:IUCN-LC[182] Increase[182] Total population estimated to be 2.65-3.59 million individuals.[182] 175px
Ring-necked duck Aythya collaris 2,000,000[183] Template:IUCN-LC[183] Increase[183] No total population estimate given.[183] 175px
Ross's goose Anser rossii 2,100,000[184] Template:IUCN-LC[184] Increase[184] No total population estimate given.[184] 175px
American wigeon Mareca americana 2,700,000[185] Template:IUCN-LC[185] Decrease[185] No total population estimate given.[185] 175px
Common goldeneye Bucephala clangula 2,700,000-4,700,000[186] Template:IUCN-LC[186] Steady[186] Values given are estimated total population size.[186] 175px
Common teal

(Eurasian teal)

Anas crecca 2,800,000[187] Template:IUCN-LC[187] ?[187] No total population estimate given.[187] 175px
Long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis 3,200-000-3,750,000[188] Template:IUCN-VU[188] Decrease[188] Values given are estimated total population size.[188] 175px
Lesser scaup Aythya affinis 3,700,000[189] Template:IUCN-LC[189] Steady[189] No total population estimate given.[189] 175px
Green-winged teal Anas carolinensis 3,900,000[190] Template:IUCN-LC[190] Increase[190] No total population estimate given.[190] 175px
Gadwall Mareca strepera 4,050,000-4,860,000[191] Template:IUCN-LC[191] Steady[191] No total population estimate given.[191] 175px
Northern shoveler Spatula clypeata 4,300,000-4,700,000[192] Template:IUCN-LC[192] Decrease[192] Total population estimated to be 6.5-7.0 million individuals.[192] 175px
Cackling goose Branta hutchinsii 4,500,000[193] Template:IUCN-LC[193] Increase[193] No total population estimate given.[193] 175px
Wood duck Aix sponsa 4,600,000[194] Template:IUCN-LC[194] Increase[194] No total population estimate given.[194] 175px
Northern pintail Anas acuta 4,700,000-4,800,000[195] Template:IUCN-LC[195] Decrease[195] Total population estimated to be 7.1-7.2 million individuals.[195] 175px
Greater scaup Aythya marila 4,920,000-5,130,000[196] Template:IUCN-LC[196] Decrease[196] Values given are estimated total population size.[196] 175px
Greater white-fronted goose Anser albifrons 5,000,000-5,999,999[197] Template:IUCN-LC[197] ?[197] No total population estimate given.[197] 175px
Canada goose Branta canadensis 5,000,000-6,200,000[198] Template:IUCN-LC[198] Increase[198] Values given are estimated total population size.[198] Note that current data from Partners in Flight estimate 7.1 million mature individuals alone.[139] 175px
Blue-winged teal Spatula discors 7,800,000[199] Template:IUCN-LC[199] Increase[199] No total population estimate given.[199] 175px
Snow goose Anser caerulescens 15,000,000[200] Template:IUCN-LC[200] Increase[200] No total population estimate given.[200] 175px
Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 17,260,000-19,300,000[201] Template:IUCN-LC[201] Decrease[201] Total population estimated to be 26.15-29.24 million individuals.[201] 175px

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Screamers, ducks, geese, swans – IOC World Bird List". https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/waterfowl/. 
  2. ↑ United States Fish and Wildlife Service (20 July 2012). "Waterfowl Population Status, 2012". http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/NewReportsPublications/PopulationStatus/Waterfowl/StatusReport2012_final.pdf. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 BirdLife International (2025). "Rhodonessa caryophyllacea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680344A254934109.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680344/254934109. Retrieved 2025-12-07. 
  4. ↑ Hume, Julian P. (2017). "A high price to pay: new light on the extinction of the Pink-headed Duck Rhodonessa caryophyllacea". Forktail 33: 56–63. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326982084_A_high_price_to_pay_new_light_on_the_extinction_of_the_Pink-headed_Duck_Rhodonessa_caryophyllacea. 
  5. ↑ BirdLife International (2018). "Tadorna cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680021A132052989.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680021/132052989. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  6. ↑ IUCN (2001). "V. THE CRITERIA FOR CRITICALLY ENDANGERED, ENDANGERED AND VULNERABLE". http://www.iucnredlist.org/static/categories_criteria_3_1#critical. 
  7. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Alopochen kervazoi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22729490A95017764.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22729490/95017764. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  8. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Alopochen mauritianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/160030071/0. Retrieved 2012-11-28. 
  9. ↑ Hume, Julian P.; Winters, Ria (2015). "Captive birds on Dutch Mauritius: bad-tempered parrots, warty pigeons and notes on other native animals". Historical Biology 28 (6): 812–822. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2015.1036750. 
  10. ↑ Olson, Storrs L.; Jouventin, Pierre (February 1996). "A new species of small flightless duck from Amsterdam Island, southern Indian Ocean (Anatidae: Anas)". The Condor 98 (1): 1–9. doi:10.2307/1369501. http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Condor/files/issues/v098n01/p0001-p0009.pdf. Retrieved 2012-12-23. 
  11. ↑ BirdLife International (2024). "Anas marecula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22728666A261858995.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728666/261858995. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  12. ↑ Cheke, A. S. (1987). "An ecological history of the Mascarene Islands, with particular reference to extinctions and introductions of land vertebrates". In Diamond, A. W. (ed.). Studies of Mascarene Island Birds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 19, 34–35. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511735769.003. ISBN 978-0-521-11331-1.
  13. ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Anas theodori". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22728662A94993214.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728662/94993214. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  14. ↑ Amidon, Fred (23 Feb 2004). "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removing the Mariana Mallard and the Guam Broadbill From the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife". Federal Register 69 (34): 8116–8119. http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_register/fr4224.pdf. Retrieved 2012-12-23. 
  15. ↑ "New Zealand Ecology: Teal". TerraNature Trust. 2010–2011. http://terranature.org/tealbrown.htm. 
  16. ↑ "Chenonetta finschi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023. 2023. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T62239833A227981466.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/62239833/227981466. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  17. ↑ BirdLife International (2023). "Camptorhynchus labradorius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22680418A221212367.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680418/221212367. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  18. ↑ BirdLife International (2023). "Mergus australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22680496A226964244.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680496/226964244. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 IUCN (2018-08-09). "Tadorna cristata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680021A132052989" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680021a132052989.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680021/132052989. 
  20. ↑ del Hoyo, J.; Collar, N.; Kirwan, G.M. (2020). "Crested Shelduck (Tadorna cristata)". Cornell Lab of Ornithology. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.creshe1.01. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 IUCN (2023). "Aythya innotata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22680380A221364107.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680380/221364107. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 IUCN (2019-02-01). "Mergus octosetaceus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22680482A143756439" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019-02-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22680482a143756439.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680482/143756439. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 "Asarcornis scutulata". BirdLife International. 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680064A244637841.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680064/244637841. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 IUCN (2019-08-15). "Aythya baeri: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22680384A154436811" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019-08-15. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22680384a154436811.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680384/154436811. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 IUCN (2018-08-06). "Anas laysanensis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680203A130697270" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-06. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680203a130697270.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680203/130697270. 
  26. ↑ Breeden, James; Vetter, John; Laut, Megan (4 August 2022). "5-Year Review - Short Form Summary. Species Reviewed: Laysan Duck (Anas laysanensis)". U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. https://ecosphere-documents-production-public.s3.amazonaws.com/sams/public_docs/species_nonpublish/3824.pdf. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 IUCN (2020-03-25). "Anas nesiotis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22724580A171601774" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-03-25. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22724580a171601774.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22724580/171601774. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 Anas bernieri: BirdLife International. 2022-08-31. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22680252A196544442.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680252/196544442. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 IUCN (2023-07-04). "Anas wyvilliana: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023-07-04. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22680199A221561950.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680199/221561950. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 IUCN (2021-01-20). "Anas aucklandica: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680280A194816119" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021-01-20. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680280a194816119.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680280/194816119. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 IUCN (2024-06-05). "Anas albogularis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024-06-05. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22727280A248173630.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22727280/248173630. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 IUCN (2021-02-09). "Anas melleri: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680225A196314602" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021-02-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680225a196314602.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680225/196314602. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 IUCN (2022-06-28). "Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022-06-28. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22680121A214275489.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680121/214275489. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 IUCN (2020-08-24). "Anas chlorotis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22728303A182985187" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-08-24. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22728303a182985187.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22728303/182985187. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 IUCN (2021-01-14). "Branta sandvicensis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22679929A194369606" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021-01-14. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22679929a194369606.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679929/194369606. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 IUCN (2025-01-24). "Mergus squamatus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025-01-24. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680488A244637355.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680488/244637355. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 IUCN (2025-05-15). "Speculanas specularis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025-05-15. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680136A276957459.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680136/276957459. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 IUCN (2021-09-22). "Cyanochen cyanoptera: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T22679961A208106800" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021-09-22. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t22679961a208106800.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679961/208106800. 
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Tachyeres leucocephalus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680038A132524158" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680038a132524158.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680038/132524158. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 40.3 IUCN (2021-02-03). "Oxyura maccoa: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22679820A181759055" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021-02-03. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22679820a181759055.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679820/181759055. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 IUCN (2017-10-01). "Oxyura leucocephala: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22679814A119403602" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017-10-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t22679814a119403602.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679814/119403602. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 IUCN (2019-07-16). "Dendrocygna arborea: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22679770A154611660" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019-07-16. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22679770a154611660.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679770/154611660. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 IUCN (2020-08-13). "Dendrocygna guttata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22679735A181753150" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-08-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22679735a181753150.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679735/181753150. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 IUCN (2018-08-13). "Tachyeres pteneres: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680033A133081668" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680033a133081668.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680033/133081668. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 Bird Life International (2025-06-04). "Coscoroba coscoroba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025-06-04. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22679866A280985164.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679866/280985164. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 IUCN (2024-01-15). "Stictonetta naevosa: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024-01-15. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679836A253979434.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679836/253979434. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Tachyeres patachonicus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680052A132524796" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680052a132524796.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680052/132524796. 
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 IUCN (2024). "Thalassornis leuconotus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679785A209286572.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679785/209286572. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 BirdLife International (2021). "Salvadorina waigiuensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22680127A194770067.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680127/194770067. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 BirdLife International (2025). "Heteronetta atricapilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22679833A280996379.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679833/280996379. Retrieved 2025-12-12. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 IUCN (2022). "Marmaronetta angustirostris: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22680339A205917761.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680339/205917761. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 IUCN (2025). "Anas gibberifrons: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22727271A264932814.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22727271/264932814. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 IUCN (2018-08-09). "Cereopsis novaehollandiae: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22679958A131910442" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22679958a131910442.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679958/131910442. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 IUCN (2021-11-15). "Oxyura australis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T22679827A210733513" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021-11-15. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t22679827a210733513.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679827/210733513. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 IUCN (2025). "Merganetta armata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680118A281012168.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680118/281012168. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 IUCN (2024). "Spatula smithii: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680236A264997001.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680236/264997001. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Radjah radjah". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680029A265001829.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680029/265001829. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 IUCN (2025-02-11). "Anas luzonica: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025-02-11. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680214A268091408.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680214/268091408. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 IUCN (2025). "Neochen jubata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22679987A277468368.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679987/277468368. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 IUCN (2018-08-06). "Anser erythropus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22679886A132300164" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-06. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22679886a132300164.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679886/132300164. 
  61. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Anser erythropus (Europe assessment)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22679886A166193479.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679886/166193479. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 IUCN (2019-11-29). "Nomonyx dominicus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22679789A137758280" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019-11-29. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22679789a137758280.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679789/137758280. 
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 IUCN (2024). "Sarkidiornis sylvicola: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22724744A265022743.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22724744/265022743. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Anhima cornuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679723A264996558.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679723/264996558. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Chloephaga poliocephala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679981A264998491.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679981/264998491. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 66.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Chloephaga melanoptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679972A264999409.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679972/264999409. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 IUCN (2024). "Pteronetta hartlaubii: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680070A264993373.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680070/264993373. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Spatula platalea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680240A264997658.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680240/264997658. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 69.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Anas capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680145A264976185.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680145/264976185. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Cygnus melancoryphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679846A264973801.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679846/264973801. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 71.3 BirdLife International (2025). "Branta ruficollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22679954A154473642.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679954/154473642. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  72. ↑ Cuthbert, R., and Aarvak, T. 2016. Population Estimates and Survey Methods for Migratory Goose Species in Northern Kazakhstan. AEWA Lesser White-fronted Goose International Working Group Report Series No. 5. Bonn, Germany.
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Anas sparsa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680170A265015093.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680170/265015093. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Tadorna cana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680007A265009125.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680007/265009125. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 IUCN (2025-07-27). "Anas andium: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025-07-27. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22735557A281032318.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22735557/281032318. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 IUCN (2024). "Biziura lobata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679830A253981736.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679830/253981736. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 77.3 BirdLife International (2025). "Netta erythrophthalma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680354A280899733.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680354/280899733. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 IUCN (2025-06-05). "Aythya novaeseelandiae: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025-06-05. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680395A280990245.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680395/280990245. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 79.3 IUCN (2024). "Oxyura ferruginea: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22727757A264978146.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22727757/264978146. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  80. ↑ 80.0 80.1 80.2 80.3 IUCN (2020-11-13). "Oxyura vittata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22679824A189960778" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22679824a189960778.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679824/189960778. 
  81. ↑ 81.0 81.1 81.2 81.3 IUCN (2021-01-19). "Callonetta leucophrys: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680101A194736119" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021-01-19. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680101a194736119.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680101/194736119. 
  82. ↑ 82.0 82.1 Carboneras, C.; Kirwan, G.M. (2020). "Falkland Steamer-Duck (Tachyeres brachypterus)". Cornell Lab of Ornithology. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.falstd1.01. 
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 83.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Tachyeres brachypterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680047A132524587.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680047/132524587. Retrieved 2025-12-12. 
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 84.2 84.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Lophonetta specularioides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680130A264979985.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680130/264979985. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 85.2 85.3 IUCN (2024). "Chloephaga rubidiceps: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679984A264997906.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679984/264997906. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 86.2 86.3 IUCN (2025). "Anas eatoni: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680306A276941603.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680306/276941603. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  87. ↑ 87.0 87.1 Carboneras, C.; Kirwan, G.M. (2020). "Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus)". Cornell Lab of Ornithology. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.bahgoo.01. 
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 88.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Anser indicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22679893A131908564.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679893/131908564. Retrieved 2025-12-12. 
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 89.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Nettapus pulchellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680086A264989167.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680086/264989167. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 90.2 90.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Spatula versicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680329A264989979.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680329/264989979. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 91.2 91.3 IUCN (2023). "Anser cygnoid: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22679869A228564177.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679869/228564177. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 92.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Spatula hottentota". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680332A264989381.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680332/264989381. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 93.2 93.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Nettapus auritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680095A264986462.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680095/264986462. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 94.2 94.3 BirdLife International (2025). "Chloephaga hybrida". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22679978A154877439.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679978/154877439. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 95.2 95.3 IUCN (2020-08-21). "Cygnus buccinator: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22679859A136992006" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-08-21. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22679859a136992006.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679859/136992006. 
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3 IUCN (2018-08-09). "Cairina moschata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680061A131911211" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680061a131911211.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680061/131911211. 
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 97.2 97.3 IUCN (2025). "Mergellus albellus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680465A281854675.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680465/281854675. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 98.2 98.3 IUCN (2023-02-23). "Chauna chavaria: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023-02-23. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22679726A222706866.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679726/222706866. Retrieved 2025-12-05. 
  99. ↑ 99.0 99.1 99.2 99.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Sarkidiornis melanotos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T45953631A265011614.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/45953631/265011614. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  100. ↑ 100.0 100.1 100.2 100.3 IUCN (2018-08-09). "Aix galericulata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680107A131911544" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680107a131911544.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680107/131911544. 
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 101.2 101.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Malacorhynchus membranaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680336A253983238.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680336/253983238. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  102. ↑ 102.0 102.1 102.2 102.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Chenonetta jubata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680111A253970179.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680111/253970179. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  103. ↑ 103.0 103.1 103.2 103.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Chauna torquata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679729A264995009.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679729/264995009. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  104. ↑ 104.0 104.1 104.2 104.3 BirdLife International (2025). "Spatula puna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680326A154877872.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680326/154877872. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  105. ↑ 105.0 105.1 105.2 105.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Dendrocygna eytoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679740A264993705.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679740/264993705. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  106. ↑ 106.0 106.1 106.2 106.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Aythya australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680387A264978663.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680387/264978663. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  107. ↑ 107.0 107.1 107.2 107.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Mareca sibilatrix". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680167A265017374.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680167/265017374. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  108. ↑ 108.0 108.1 108.2 108.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Anas georgica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680310A264982969.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680310/264982969. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  109. ↑ 109.0 109.1 109.2 109.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Anas castanea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680277A253990498.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680277/253990498. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  110. ↑ 110.0 110.1 110.2 110.3 IUCN (2025). "Anas poecilorhyncha: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22736541A280979361.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22736541/280979361. Retrieved 2025-12-07. 
  111. ↑ 111.0 111.1 111.2 111.3 IUCN (2024). "Nettapus coromandelianus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680090A264985851.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680090/264985851. Retrieved 2025-12-07. 
  112. ↑ 112.0 112.1 112.2 112.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Spatula rhynchotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680243A264994587.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680243/264994587. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  113. ↑ 113.0 113.1 113.2 113.3 IUCN (2024). "Mareca falcata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680153A228594770.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680153/228594770. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  114. ↑ 114.0 114.1 114.2 114.3 IUCN (2023). "Anser canagicus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22679919A228668766.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679919/228668766. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  115. ↑ 115.0 115.1 115.2 115.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Anas undulata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680221A265018629.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680221/265018629. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  116. ↑ 116.0 116.1 116.2 116.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Tadorna variegata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680015A265006165.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680015/265006165. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  117. ↑ 117.0 117.1 117.2 117.3 IUCN (2025). "Cygnus cygnus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22679856A281843607.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679856/281843607. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  118. ↑ 118.0 118.1 118.2 118.3 IUCN (2025). "Anser brachyrhynchus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22679872A281837234.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679872/281837234. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  119. ↑ 119.0 119.1 Carboneras, C.; Kirwan, G.M. (2020). "Wandering Whistling-Duck (Dendrocygna arcuata)". Cornell Lab of Ornithology. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.wawduc1.01. 
  120. ↑ 120.0 120.1 120.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Dendrocygna arcuata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22679753A131906867.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679753/131906867. Retrieved 2025-12-12. 
  121. ↑ 121.0 121.1 121.2 121.3 IUCN (2018-08-09). "Cygnus atratus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22679843A131907524" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22679843a131907524.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679843/131907524. 
  122. ↑ 122.0 122.1 122.2 122.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Tadorna tadornoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680011A265004964.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680011/265004964. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  123. ↑ 123.0 123.1 Carboneras, C.; Kirwan, G.M.; Pyle, P.; Hancocks, G. (2025). "Brazilian Teal (Amazonetta brasiliensis)". Cornell Lab of Ornithology. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.bratea1.01.1. 
  124. ↑ 124.0 124.1 124.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Amazonetta brasiliensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680115A130025891.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680115/130025891. Retrieved 2025-12-12. 
  125. ↑ 125.0 125.1 125.2 125.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Anas bahamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680287A265001129.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680287/265001129. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  126. ↑ 126.0 126.1 126.2 126.3 IUCN (2024). "Anas superciliosa: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680217A265017939.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680217/265017939. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  127. ↑ 127.0 127.1 127.2 127.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Chloephaga picta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679975A264999924.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679975/264999924. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  128. ↑ 128.0 128.1 128.2 128.3 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Polysticta stelleri: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680415A132527232" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680415a132527232.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680415/132527232. 
  129. ↑ 129.0 129.1 129.2 129.3 IUCN (2024). "Dendrocygna javanica: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679758A265006900.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679758/265006900. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  130. ↑ 130.0 130.1 130.2 130.3 IUCN (2025). "Tadorna ferruginea: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680003A281866558.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680003/281866558. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  131. ↑ 131.0 131.1 131.2 131.3 IUCN (2020-09-01). "Melanitta fusca: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22724836A183801134" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-09-01. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22724836a183801134.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22724836/183801134. 
  132. ↑ 132.0 132.1 132.2 132.3 IUCN (2024). "Anas gracilis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680271A265005922.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680271/265005922. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  133. ↑ 133.0 133.1 133.2 133.3 IUCN (2020-07-27). "Bucephala islandica: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22680459A180118783" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-07-27. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22680459a180118783.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680459/180118783. 
  134. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Bucephala islandica (Europe assessment)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22680459A166210191.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680459/166210191. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  135. ↑ 135.0 135.1 135.2 135.3 IUCN (2019-06-12). "Aythya nyroca: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22680373A152620862" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019-06-12. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22680373a152620862.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680373/152620862. 
  136. ↑ 136.0 136.1 136.2 136.3 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Histrionicus histrionicus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680423A132527785" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680423a132527785.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680423/132527785. 
  137. ↑ 137.0 137.1 137.2 137.3 BirdLife International (2025). "Plectropterus gambensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680057A154248872.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680057/154248872. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  138. ↑ 138.0 138.1 138.2 138.3 IUCN (2020-11-12). "Dendrocygna autumnalis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22679780A138940651" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-12. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22679780a138940651.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679780/138940651. 
  139. ↑ 139.0 139.1 139.2 139.3 Partners in Flight (2025). "Avian Conservation Assessment Database Scores". https://pif.birdconservancy.org/ACAD/Database.aspx. 
  140. ↑ 140.0 140.1 140.2 140.3 IUCN (2025). "Cygnus columbianus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22679862A269937332.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679862/269937332. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  141. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Cygnus columbianus (Europe assessment)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22679862A166191206.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679862/166191206. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  142. ↑ 142.0 142.1 142.2 142.3 IUCN (2020-09-04). "Somateria fischeri: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22680412A180227232" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-09-04. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22680412a180227232.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680412/180227232. 
  143. ↑ 143.0 143.1 143.2 143.3 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Melanitta perspicillata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680441A132528934" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680441a132528934.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680441/132528934. 
  144. ↑ 144.0 144.1 144.2 144.3 IUCN (2025). "Netta rufina: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680348A280995672.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680348/280995672. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  145. ↑ 145.0 145.1 145.2 145.3 IUCN (2025). "Cygnus olor: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22679839A281844289.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679839/281844289. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  146. ↑ 146.0 146.1 146.2 146.3 BirdLife International (2025). "Sibirionetta formosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680317A280907776.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680317/280907776. Retrieved 2025-12-10. 
  147. ↑ 147.0 147.1 147.2 147.3 IUCN (2020-08-28). "Melanitta americana: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22732425A178236617" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-08-28. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22732425a178236617.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22732425/178236617. 
  148. ↑ 148.0 148.1 148.2 148.3 IUCN (2020-11-13). "Spatula cyanoptera: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680233A139370416" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680233a139370416.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680233/139370416. 
  149. ↑ 149.0 149.1 149.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Melanitta deglandi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22734194A132663794.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22734194/132663794. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  150. ↑ 150.0 150.1 150.2 150.3 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Melanitta stejnegeri: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22724845A132655325" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22724845a132655325.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22724845/132655325. 
  151. ↑ 151.0 151.1 151.2 151.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Anas erythrorhyncha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680290A264985091.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680290/264985091. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  152. ↑ 152.0 152.1 152.2 152.3 IUCN (2019-08-14). "Tadorna tadorna: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22680024A154560262" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019-08-14. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22680024a154560262.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680024/154560262. 
  153. ↑ 153.0 153.1 153.2 153.3 BirdLife International (2025). "Anas fulvigata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680178A180126280.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680178/180126280. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  154. ↑ BirdLife International (2025). "Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International Digital Checklist of the Birds of the World". https://datazone.birdlife.org/about-our-science/taxonomy#birdlife-s-taxonomic-checklist. 
  155. ↑ 155.0 155.1 155.2 155.3 IUCN (2020-11-12). "Branta bernicla: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22679946A189780266" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-12. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22679946a189780266.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679946/189780266. 
  156. ↑ 156.0 156.1 156.2 156.3 IUCN (2018). "Mergus serrator: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680485A132053220.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680485/132053220. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  157. ↑ BirdLife International (2021). "Mergus serrator (Europe assessment)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22680485A166211173.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680485/166211173. Retrieved 2025-12-06. 
  158. ↑ 158.0 158.1 Callaghan, C.T.; Brooks, D.M.; Pyle, P. (2020). "Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca)". Cornell Lab of Ornithology. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.egygoo.01. 
  159. ↑ 159.0 159.1 159.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Alopochen aegyptiaca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22679993A131910647.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679993/131910647. Retrieved 2025-12-12. 
  160. ↑ 160.0 160.1 160.2 160.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Anseranas semipalmata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679732A264994797.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679732/264994797. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  161. ↑ 161.0 161.1 161.2 161.3 IUCN (2024). "Netta peposaca: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22680351A264986238.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680351/264986238. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  162. ↑ 162.0 162.1 162.2 162.3 IUCN (2018-08-09). "Anser fabalis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22679875A132302864" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22679875a132302864.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679875/132302864. 
  163. ↑ 163.0 163.1 163.2 163.3 IUCN (2020-11-13). "Aythya valisineria: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680364A137943278" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680364a137943278.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680364/137943278. 
  164. ↑ 164.0 164.1 164.2 164.3 BirdLife International (2024). "Anas flavirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22736320A264994125.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22736320/264994125. Retrieved 2025-12-11. 
  165. ↑ 165.0 165.1 165.2 165.3 IUCN (2020-11-13). "Anas rubripes: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680174A137023072" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680174a137023072.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680174/137023072. 
  166. ↑ 166.0 166.1 166.2 166.3 IUCN (2021-08-18). "Aythya ferina: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680358A205288455" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021-08-18. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680358a205288455.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680358/205288455. 
  167. ↑ 167.0 167.1 167.2 167.3 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Somateria spectabilis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680409A132526730" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680409a132526730.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680409/132526730. 
  168. ↑ 168.0 168.1 168.2 168.3 IUCN (2018-08-06). "Anas zonorhyncha: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22736042A132303839" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-06. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22736042a132303839.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22736042/132303839. 
  169. ↑ 169.0 169.1 169.2 169.3 IUCN (2025). "Dendrocygna bicolor: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22679746A136882742.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679746/136882742. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  170. ↑ 170.0 170.1 170.2 170.3 IUCN (2018-08-09). "Branta leucopsis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22679943A131909954" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22679943a131909954.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679943/131909954. 
  171. ↑ 171.0 171.1 171.2 171.3 IUCN (2018-08-09). "Anser anser: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22679889A131907747" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22679889a131907747.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679889/131907747. 
  172. ↑ 172.0 172.1 172.2 172.3 IUCN (2025). "Spatula querquedula: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680313A154807983.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680313/154807983. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  173. ↑ 173.0 173.1 173.2 173.3 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Melanitta nigra: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22724879A132257623" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22724879a132257623.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22724879/132257623. 
  174. ↑ 174.0 174.1 174.2 174.3 IUCN (2020-11-13). "Lophodytes cucullatus: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680472A137932133" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680472a137932133.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680472/137932133. 
  175. ↑ 175.0 175.1 175.2 175.3 IUCN (2020-11-13). "Aythya americana: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680367A137752425" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680367a137752425.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680367/137752425. 
  176. ↑ 176.0 176.1 176.2 176.3 IUCN (2021-10-07). "Bucephala albeola: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T22680462A137784330" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021-10-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t22680462a137784330.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680462/137784330. 
  177. ↑ 177.0 177.1 177.2 177.3 BirdLife International (2025). "Aythya fuligula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680391A154567456.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680391/154567456. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  178. ↑ 178.0 178.1 178.2 178.3 IUCN (2024). "Dendrocygna viduata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22679763A265003179.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679763/265003179. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  179. ↑ 179.0 179.1 179.2 179.3 IUCN (2018). "Somateria mollissima: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680405A132525971.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680405/132525971. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  180. ↑ 180.0 180.1 180.2 BirdLife International (2018). "Oxyura jamaicensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22727750A132178041.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22727750/132178041. Retrieved 2025-12-12. 
  181. ↑ 181.0 181.1 181.2 181.3 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Mergus merganser: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680492A132054083" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680492a132054083.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680492/132054083. 
  182. ↑ 182.0 182.1 182.2 182.3 IUCN (2025). "Mareca penelope: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680157A281853446.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680157/281853446. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  183. ↑ 183.0 183.1 183.2 183.3 IUCN (2020-11-13). "Aythya collaris: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680370A137908133" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680370a137908133.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680370/137908133. 
  184. ↑ 184.0 184.1 184.2 184.3 IUCN (2020-11-12). "Anser rossii: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22679909A136898830" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-12. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22679909a136898830.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679909/136898830. 
  185. ↑ 185.0 185.1 185.2 185.3 IUCN (2020-11-13). "Mareca americana: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680163A137010293" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680163a137010293.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680163/137010293. 
  186. ↑ 186.0 186.1 186.2 186.3 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Bucephala clangula: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680455A132529366" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680455a132529366.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680455/132529366. 
  187. ↑ 187.0 187.1 187.2 187.3 IUCN (2020-08-13). "Anas crecca: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22680321A181692388" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-08-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22680321a181692388.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680321/181692388. 
  188. ↑ 188.0 188.1 188.2 188.3 IUCN (2018-08-07). "Clangula hyemalis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22680427A132528200" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-07. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22680427a132528200.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680427/132528200. 
  189. ↑ 189.0 189.1 189.2 189.3 IUCN (2020-11-13). "Aythya affinis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680402A139381357" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680402a139381357.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680402/139381357. 
  190. ↑ 190.0 190.1 190.2 190.3 IUCN (2020-08-13). "Anas carolinensis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22729498A181562690" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-08-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22729498a181562690.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22729498/181562690. 
  191. ↑ 191.0 191.1 191.2 191.3 IUCN (2025). "Mareca strepera: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680149A154562590.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680149/154562590. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  192. ↑ 192.0 192.1 192.2 192.3 IUCN (2019-08-14). "Spatula clypeata: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22680247A153875944" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019-08-14. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22680247a153875944.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680247/153875944. 
  193. ↑ 193.0 193.1 193.2 193.3 IUCN (2020-11-12). "Branta hutchinsii: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22733619A139214707" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-12. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22733619a139214707.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22733619/139214707. 
  194. ↑ 194.0 194.1 194.2 194.3 IUCN (2020-11-12). "Aix sponsa: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680104A136999461" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-12. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680104a136999461.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680104/136999461. 
  195. ↑ 195.0 195.1 195.2 195.3 IUCN (2019-08-13). "Anas acuta: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T22680301A153882797" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019-08-13. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2019-3.rlts.t22680301a153882797.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680301/153882797. 
  196. ↑ 196.0 196.1 196.2 196.3 BirdLife International (2018). "Aythya marila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22680398A132525108.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680398/132525108. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  197. ↑ 197.0 197.1 197.2 197.3 IUCN (2022). "Anser albifrons: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T22679881A213839615.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679881/213839615. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 
  198. ↑ 198.0 198.1 198.2 198.3 IUCN (2018-08-09). "Branta canadensis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T22679935A131909406" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018-08-09. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2018-2.rlts.t22679935a131909406.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679935/131909406. 
  199. ↑ 199.0 199.1 199.2 199.3 IUCN (2020-11-12). "Spatula discors: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22680229A137731845" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-12. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22680229a137731845.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680229/137731845. 
  200. ↑ 200.0 200.1 200.2 200.3 IUCN (2020-11-12). "Anser caerulescens: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22679896A157448765" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020-11-12. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-3.rlts.t22679896a157448765.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22679896/157448765. 
  201. ↑ 201.0 201.1 201.2 201.3 IUCN (2025). "Anas platyrhynchos: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" (in en). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2025. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22680186A281835571.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22680186/281835571. Retrieved 2025-12-09. 

Template:Birds by population



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