Biology:List of DNA-tested mummies

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This is a purported list of ancient humans remains, including mummies, that may have been DNA tested. Provided as evidence of the testing are links to the mitochondrial DNA sequences, and/or to the human haplogroups to which each case has been assigned. Also provided is a brief description of when and where they lived.[according to whom?] Entries lacking a citation should be viewed with skepticism; in particular, cases with no sequence or haplogroup links, with citation, have no evidentiary basis for appearing.

mtDNA and YDNA tests

The following mummies have undergone mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) and YDNA tests, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:

Name Original Location
of Remains 		Date Lived
(years ago) 		Mitochondrial DNA sequence mtDNA Haplogroup Y-DNA Haplogroup
Paglicci 23 Italy 28,000[1] CRS [2] H[citation needed]
Paglicci 25 Italy 23,000[3] 7,025 AluI, 00073A, 11719G, 12308A [4] HV[4]
TAF009

TAF010

TAF011

TAF012

TAF013

TAF014

TAF015

Morocco

15,100-13,900[5]

15,100-13,900[5]

15,100-13,900[5]

15,100-13,900[5]

15,100-13,900[5]

15,100-13,900[5]

U6a6b[5]

U6a7b[5]

U6a7[5]

U6a7[5]

U6a7b[5]

M1b[5]

U6a1b[5]

E1b1b1a1b1[5]

E1b1b1a1[5]

E1b1b1a1[5]

N/A[5]

E1b1b1a1[5]

E1b1b1a1[5]

E1b1b[5]

Cheddar Man England U5b1[6] I2-L38 (I2a2)[7]
Ötzi the Iceman Austria/Italy 5,300 [8] K.[9][10] G2a2b[11]
Nakht-Ankh Egypt 4,000[12] M1a1[12]
Khnum-Nakht Egypt 4,000[12] M1a1[12]
Djehutynakht (10A) Egypt 4,000[13] U5b2b5[13]
Queen Tiye Egypt 3,390[14] K[14]
JK2887

JK2134

JK2911

JK2888

Egypt 3,410-3,333[15]

2,798-2,591[15]

2,791-2,582[15]

2,119-2,024[15]

J2a1a1[15]

J1d[15]

M1a1[15]

U6a2[15]

N/A[15]

J[15]

J[15]

E1b1b1a1b2[15]

Tel Shadud (he) Canaanite Nobelman Israel 3,300[16] R1b[16]
Tel Shadud (he) specimen L126 Israel 3,300[16] Haplogroup I5a1[16] J[16]
Tutankhamun Egypt 3,342[14] K[14] R1b[14]
Ramesses III Egypt 3,200[17] E1b1a[18]
Pentawer Egypt 3,200[17] E1b1a[18]
Takabuti Egypt 2,600[19] H4a1[19]
OM:KMM A 64

YM:KMM A 63

Egypt 2,320[20]

2,300[20]

T2c1a[20]

HV[20]

The Norwich Anglo-Saxon England X[citation needed]
Juanita the Ice Maiden Peru 16111T, 16223T, 16290T, 16319A[21] A[citation needed]
Young Man of Byrsa Tunisia late 6th century BCE U5b2c1[22]
500-year-old Inca child Argentina 500[23] C1b[23]

DNA tests

The following mummies have undergone DNA tests, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:[citation needed]

Name Original Location
of Remains 		Date Lived
(years ago) 		DNA sequence Y-DNA Haplogroup
Thuya Egypt 3,390 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

Yuya Egypt 3,390 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

Tiye (Elder Lady KV35) Egypt 3,370 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

Amenhotep III Egypt 3,370 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV55 mummy Egypt 3,350 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV35 Younger Lady Egypt 3,390 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

Tutankhamun Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV21 Mummy A Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV21 Mummy B Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D2S1338,

D16S539, CSF1PO [24]

KV62 Fetus 1 Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

KV62 Fetus 2 Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [24]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kambiz Kamrani (2006). "The 28,000 Year Old Paglicci 23 Cro-Magnon mtDNA Ain't Neandertal — It Is More Modern Than Anything Else". Anthropology.net. http://anthropology.net/2008/07/16/the-28000-years-old-paglicci-23-cro-magnon-mtdna-aint-neandertal-it-is-more-modern-than-anything-else/. 
  2. ↑ Caramelli, David; Vai, Stefania (July 2008). "A 28,000 Years Old Cro-Magnon mtDNA Sequence Differs from All Potentially Contaminating Modern Sequences". PLoS ONE 3 (7): e2700. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002700. PMID 18628960. Bibcode: 2008PLoSO...3.2700C. 
  3. ↑ Mallegni, F; Bertoldi, F; Manolis, S.K. (1999). "The Gravettian female human skeleton from Grotta Paglicci, south Italy". HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology 50 (2): 127–148. https://www.academia.edu/7467737. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Caramelli, David et al. (May 27, 2003). "Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans". PNAS 100 (11): 6593–6597. doi:10.1073/pnas.1130343100. PMID 12743370. Bibcode: 2003PNAS..100.6593C. 
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named van de Loosdrecht 2018
  6. ↑ "Population Replacement in Early Neolithic Britain". 18 February 2018. bioRxiv 10.1101/267443.
  7. ↑ Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne et al. (10 February 2015). "Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe". Nature 522 (7555): 207–211. doi:10.1038/nature14317. PMID 25731166. Bibcode: 2015Natur.522..207H. 
  8. ↑ Bonani, Georges et al. (1994). "AMS 14C Age Determination of Tissue, Bone and Grass Samples from the Ötzal Ice Man". Radiocarbon 36 (2): 247–250. doi:10.1017/s0033822200040534. http://digitalcommons.library.arizona.edu/objectviewer?o=http%3A%2F%2Fradiocarbon.library.arizona.edu%2FVolume36%2FNumber2%2Fazu_radiocarbon_v36_n2_247_250_v.pdf. Retrieved February 4, 2016. 
  9. ↑ Ermini, Luca; Olivieri, Cristina et al. (November 11, 2008). "Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tyrolean Iceman". Current Biology 18 (21): 1687–93. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.028. PMID 18976917. 
  10. ↑ Endicott, Phillip; Sanchez, Juan J et al. (2009). "Genotyping human ancient mtDNA control and coding region polymorphisms with a multiplexed Single-Base-Extension assay: The singular maternal history of the Tyrolean Iceman". BMC Genetics 10: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-29. PMID 19545382. 
  11. ↑ Keller, Andreas; Graefen, Angela et al. (February 28, 2012). "New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman's origin and phenotype as inferred by whole-genome sequencing". Nature Communications 3: 698. doi:10.1038/ncomms1701. PMID 22426219. Bibcode: 2012NatCo...3..698K. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Ancient DNA results end 4,000-year-old Egyptian mummy mystery
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Loreille, Odile; Ratnayake, Shashikala; Bazinet, Adam L.; Stockwell, Timothy B.; Sommer, Daniel D.; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Johnson, Philip L. F. et al. (March 2018). "Biological Sexing of a 4000-Year-Old Egyptian Mummy Head to Assess the Potential of Nuclear DNA Recovery from the Most Damaged and Limited Forensic Specimens". Genes 9 (3): 135. doi:10.3390/genes9030135. PMID 29494531. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Gad, Yehia Z; Hassan, Naglaa Abu-Mandil; Mousa, Dalia M; Fouad, Fayrouz A; El-Sayed, Safaa G; Abdelazeem, Marwa A; Mahdy, Samah M; Othman, Hend Y et al. (2020-10-15). "Insights from ancient DNA analysis of Egyptian human mummies: clues to disease and kinship". Human Molecular Genetics 30 (R1): R24–R28. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddaa223. ISSN 0964-6906. PMID 33059357. 
  15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 Schuenemann, Verena J.; Peltzer, Alexander; Welte, Beatrix; van Pelt, W. Paul; Molak, Martyna; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Furtwängler, Anja; Urban, Christian et al. (2017-05-30). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications 8 (1): 15694. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 28556824. Bibcode: 2017NatCo...815694S. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 The Canaanite Nobelman of Tel Shadud - Levantine R1b?
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Study reveals that Pharaoh's throat was cut during royal coup" (Press release). BMJ. 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Hawass, Zahi; Ismail, Somaia; Selim, Ashraf; Saleem, Sahar N.; Fathalla, Dina; Wasef, Sally; Gad, Ahmed Z.; Saad, Rama et al. (December 17, 2012). "Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study". BMJ 345: e8268. doi:10.1136/bmj.e8268. PMID 23247979. http://www.bmj.com/content/345/bmj.e8268. Retrieved 8 February 2016. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Shocking truth behind Takabuti's death revealed" (in en). https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/shocking-truth-behind-takabutis-death-revealed/. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Oras, Ester; Anderson, Jaanika; Tõrv, Mari; Vahur, Signe; Rammo, Riina; Remmer, Sünne; Mölder, Maarja; Malve, Martin et al. (2020-01-16). "Multidisciplinary investigation of two Egyptian child mummies curated at the University of Tartu Art Museum, Estonia (Late/Graeco-Roman Periods)" (in en). PLOS ONE 15 (1): e0227446. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227446. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 31945091. Bibcode: 2020PLoSO..1527446O. 
  21. ↑ "Ancient DNA". International Society of Genetic Genealogy. 14 May 2005. http://www.isogg.org/ancientdna.htm. 
  22. ↑ "A European Mitochondrial Haplotype Identified in Ancient Phoenician Remains from Carthage, North Africa". PLOS ONE 11 (5): e0155046. May 25, 2016. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155046. PMID 27224451. Bibcode: 2016PLoSO..1155046M. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "The complete mitogenome of a 500-year-old Inca child mummy". Sci Rep 5: 16462. November 12, 2015. doi:10.1038/srep16462. PMID 26561991. Bibcode: 2015NatSR...516462G. 
  24. ↑ 24.00 24.01 24.02 24.03 24.04 24.05 24.06 24.07 24.08 24.09 24.10 Hawass, Zahi; Gad, Y. Z.; Ismail, S.; Khairat, R.; Fathalla, D.; Hasan, N.; Ahmed, A.; Elleithy, H. et al. (2010). "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family". JAMA 303 (7): 638–47. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.121. PMID 20159872. 

Further reading

External links



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