Biology:List of Gentianales of South Africa

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Short description: Flowering plants in the order Gentianales recorded from South Africa

The Gentianales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid clade of eudicots. It comprises more than 16,000 species in about 1,138 genera in 5 families.[1] More than 80% of the species in this order belong to the family Rubiaceae.

The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[2]

23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[3] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[4]

The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[5]

Five families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.

Apocynaceae

Main page: Biology:List of Apocynaceae of South Africa

Family: Apocynaceae,[5] 112 genera have been recorded. Not all are necessarily currently accepted.


Asclepiadaceae

Belonites

Genus Belonites:[5]

Neopectinaria

Genus Neopectinaria:[5]

  • Neopectinaria saxatilis (N.E.Br.) Plowes, accepted as Stapeliopsis saxatilis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
    • Neopectinaria saxatilis (N.E.Br.) Plowes var. tulipiflora (C.A.Luckh.) Plowes, accepted as Stapeliopsis saxatilis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns, indigenous
  • Neopectinaria stayneri (M.B.Bayer) Plowes, accepted as Stapeliopsis stayneri (M.B.Bayer) Bruyns, indigenous

Gentianaceae

Anthocleista

Genus Anthocleista:[5]

Chironia

Genus Chironia:[5]

  • Chironia albiflora Hilliard, endemic
  • Chironia arenaria E.Mey. endemic
  • Chironia baccifera L. endemic
  • Chironia decumbens Levyns, endemic
  • Chironia jasminoides L. endemic
  • Chironia krebsii Griseb. indigenous
  • Chironia laxa Gilg, endemic
  • Chironia linoides L. indigenous
    • Chironia linoides L. subsp. emarginata (Jaroscz) I.Verd. endemic
    • Chironia linoides L. subsp. linoides, endemic
    • Chironia linoides L. subsp. macrocalyx (Prain) I.Verd. endemic
    • Chironia linoides L. subsp. nana I.Verd. endemic
  • Chironia melampyrifolia Lam. endemic
  • Chironia palustris Burch. indigenous
    • Chironia palustris Burch. subsp. palustris, indigenous
    • Chironia palustris Burch. subsp. rosacea (Gilg) I.Verd. indigenous
    • Chironia palustris Burch. subsp. transvaalensis (Gilg) I.Verd. indigenous
    • Chironia peduncularis Lindl. endemic
  • Chironia peglerae Prain, endemic
  • Chironia purpurascens (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook.f. indigenous
    • Chironia purpurascens (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook.f. subsp. humilis (Gilg) I.Verd. indigenous
    • Chironia purpurascens (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook.f. subsp. purpurascens, indigenous
  • Chironia serpyllifolia Lehm. endemic
  • Chironia stokoei I.Verd. endemic
  • Chironia tetragona L.f. endemic

Enicostema

Genus Enicostema:[5]

  • Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal, indigenous
    • Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. axillare, indigenous
  • Enicostema hyssopifolium (Willd.) I.Verd. accepted as Enicostema axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. axillare, present

Exacum

Genus Exacum:[5]

  • Exacum oldenlandioides (S.Moore) Klack. indigenous

Lagenias

Genus Lagenias:[5]

  • Lagenias pusillus (Eckl. ex Cham.) E.Mey. endemic

Neurotheca

Genus Neurotheca:[5]

  • Neurotheca congolana De Wild. & T.Durand, indigenous
  • Neurotheca schlechteri Gilg ex Baker, accepted as Neurotheca congolana De Wild. & T.Durand, present

Orphium

Genus Orphium:[5]

  • Orphium frutescens (L.) E.Mey. endemic

Sebaea

Genus Sebaea:[5]

  • Sebaea albens (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. endemic
  • Sebaea ambigua Cham. endemic
  • Sebaea amicorum I.M.Oliv. & Beyers, endemic
  • Sebaea aurea (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. endemic
  • Sebaea bojeri Griseb. indigenous
  • Sebaea capitata Cham. & Schltdl. indigenous
    • Sebaea capitata Cham. & Schltdl. var. capitata, endemic
    • Sebaea capitata Cham. & Schltdl. var. sclerosepala (Schinz) Marais, endemic
  • Sebaea compacta A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Sebaea debilis (Welw.) Schinz, accepted as Exochaenium debile Welw.
  • Sebaea elongata E.Mey. endemic
  • Sebaea erosa Schinz, indigenous
  • Sebaea exacoides (L.) Schinz, endemic
  • Sebaea exigua (Oliv.) Schinz, indigenous
  • Sebaea filiformis Schinz, indigenous
  • Sebaea fourcadei Marais, endemic
  • Sebaea grandis (E.Mey.) Steud. accepted as Exochaenium grande (E.Mey.) Griseb. indigenous
  • Sebaea grisebachiana Schinz, endemic
  • Sebaea hymenosepala Gilg, endemic
  • Sebaea junodii Schinz, indigenous
  • Sebaea laxa N.E.Br. endemic
  • Sebaea leiostyla Gilg, indigenous
  • Sebaea longicaulis Schinz, indigenous
  • Sebaea macrophylla Gilg, indigenous
  • Sebaea marlothii Gilg, indigenous
  • Sebaea membranacea A.W.Hill, endemic
  • Sebaea micrantha (Cham. & Schltdl.) Schinz, indigenous
    • Sebaea micrantha (Cham. & Schltdl.) Schinz var. intermedia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Marais, endemic
    • Sebaea micrantha (Cham. & Schltdl.) Schinz var. micrantha, endemic
  • Sebaea minutiflora Schinz, endemic
  • Sebaea minutissima Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, indigenous
  • Sebaea natalensis Schinz, indigenous
  • Sebaea pentandra E.Mey. indigenous
    • Sebaea pentandra E.Mey. var. burchellii (Gilg) Marais, indigenous
    • Sebaea pentandra E.Mey. var. pentandra, indigenous
  • Sebaea pleurostigmatosa Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, endemic
  • Sebaea procumbens A.W.Hill, indigenous
  • Sebaea pusilla Eckl. ex Cham. accepted as Lagenias pusillus (Eckl. ex Cham.) E.Mey. endemic
  • Sebaea radiata Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, endemic
  • Sebaea ramosissima Gilg, endemic
  • Sebaea rara Wolley-Dod, endemic
  • Sebaea rehmannii Schinz, indigenous
  • Sebaea repens Schinz, indigenous
  • Sebaea scabra Schinz, endemic
  • Sebaea schlechteri Schinz, endemic
  • Sebaea sedoides Gilg, indigenous
    • Sebaea sedoides Gilg var. confertiflora (Schinz) Marais, indigenous
    • Sebaea sedoides Gilg var. schoenlandii (Schinz) Marais, indigenous
    • Sebaea sedoides Gilg var. sedoides, indigenous
  • Sebaea spathulata (E.Mey.) Steud. indigenous
  • Sebaea stricta (E.Mey.) Gilg, endemic
  • Sebaea sulphurea Cham. & Schltdl. endemic
  • Sebaea thodeana Gilg, indigenous
  • Sebaea thomasii (S.Moore) Schinz, indigenous
  • Sebaea zeyheri Schinz, indigenous
    • Sebaea zeyheri Schinz subsp. acutiloba (Schinz) Marais, endemic
    • Sebaea zeyheri Schinz subsp. cleistantha (R.A.Dyer) Marais, endemic
    • Sebaea zeyheri Schinz subsp. zeyheri, endemic

Swertia

Genus Swertia:[5]

  • Swertia welwitschii Engl. indigenous

Loganiaceae

Family: Loganiaceae,[5]

Strychnos

Genus Strychnos:[5]

Rubiaceae

Main page: Biology:List of Rubiaceae of South Africa
  • Family: Rubiaceae,[5] 75 genera have been recorded. Not all are necessarily currently accepted.


References

  1. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. 
  2. Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082. 
  3. Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. https://rainforests.mongabay.com/03plants.htm. 
  4. "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. http://pza.sanbi.org/vegetation. 
  5. 5.000 5.001 5.002 5.003 5.004 5.005 5.006 5.007 5.008 5.009 5.010 5.011 5.012 5.013 5.014 5.015 5.016 5.017 5.018 5.019 5.020 5.021 5.022 5.023 5.024 5.025 5.026 5.027 5.028 5.029 5.030 5.031 5.032 5.033 5.034 5.035 5.036 5.037 5.038 5.039 5.040 5.041 5.042 5.043 5.044 5.045 5.046 5.047 5.048 5.049 5.050 5.051 5.052 5.053 5.054 5.055 5.056 5.057 5.058 5.059 5.060 5.061 5.062 5.063 5.064 5.065 5.066 5.067 5.068 5.069 5.070 5.071 5.072 5.073 5.074 5.075 5.076 5.077 5.078 5.079 5.080 5.081 5.082 5.083 5.084 5.085 5.086 5.087 5.088 5.089 5.090 5.091 5.092 5.093 5.094 5.095 5.096 5.097 5.098 5.099 5.100 5.101 5.102 5.103 5.104 5.105 5.106 5.107 5.108 5.109 5.110 5.111 5.112 5.113 5.114 5.115 5.116 5.117 5.118 5.119 5.120 5.121 5.122 5.123 5.124 5.125 5.126 5.127 5.128 5.129 5.130 5.131 5.132 5.133 5.134 5.135 5.136 5.137 5.138 5.139 5.140 5.141 5.142 5.143 5.144 5.145 5.146 5.147 5.148 5.149 5.150 5.151 5.152 5.153 5.154 5.155 5.156 5.157 5.158 5.159 5.160 5.161 5.162 5.163 5.164 5.165 5.166 5.167 5.168 5.169 5.170 5.171 5.172 5.173 5.174 5.175 5.176 5.177 5.178 5.179 5.180 5.181 5.182 5.183 5.184 5.185 5.186 5.187 5.188 5.189 5.190 5.191 5.192 5.193 5.194 5.195 5.196 5.197 5.198 5.199 "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. http://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/species_checklist_20180710.csv.