Chemistry:2-Butene
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
But-2-ene | |||
| Other names
β-Butylene
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| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol)
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| 1718755 1361341 | |||
| ChEBI |
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| ChemSpider | |||
| EC Number |
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| 25196 1140 1141 | |||
PubChem CID
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| Properties | |||
| C4H8 | |||
| Molar mass | 56.106 g/mol | ||
| Density | 0.641 g/mL (cis, at 3.7 °C)[1] 0.626 g/mL (trans, at 0.9 °C)[2] | ||
| Melting point | −138.9 °C (−218.0 °F; 134.2 K) (cis)[1] -105.5 °C (trans)[2] | ||
| Boiling point | 0.8 to 3.7 °C (33.4 to 38.7 °F; 273.9 to 276.8 K) (Z = 3.7 °C)[1] (E = 0.8 °C)[2] | ||
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| Hazards[3] | |||
| GHS pictograms |  
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| GHS Signal word | DANGER | ||
| H220 | |||
| P210, P377, P381, P403 | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Flash point | −72 °C (−98 °F)[1][2] | ||
| 325 °C (617 °F; 598 K)[1][2] | |||
| Related compounds | |||
Related butenes
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1-Butene cis-2-Butene trans-2-Butene Isobutene | ||
Related compounds
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Butane Butyne | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
 verify (what is   ?)
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| Infobox references | |||
2-Butene is an acyclic alkene with four carbon atoms. It is the simplest alkene exhibiting cis/trans-isomerism (also known as (E/Z)-isomerism); that is, it exists as two geometric isomers cis-2-butene ((Z)-2-butene) and trans-2-butene ((E)-2-butene).
It is a petrochemical, produced by the catalytic cracking of crude oil or the dimerization of ethylene. Its main uses are in the production of gasoline (petrol) and butadiene,[4] although some 2-butene is also used to produce the solvent butanone via hydration to 2-butanol followed by oxidation.
The two isomers are extremely difficult to separate by distillation because of the proximity of their boiling points (~4 °C for cis and ~1 °C for trans[5]). However, separation is unnecessary in most industrial settings, as both isomers behave similarly in most of the desired reactions. A typical industrial 2-butene mixture is 70% (Z)-2-butene (cis-isomer) and 30% (E)-2-butene (trans-isomer). Butane and 1-butene are common impurities, present at 1% or more in industrial mixtures, which also contain smaller amounts of isobutene, butadiene and butyne.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Record in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Record in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
- ↑ cis-2-Butene, International Chemical Safety Card 0397, Geneva: International Programme on Chemical Safety, March 1996, http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0397.htm. trans-2-Butene, International Chemical Safety Card 0398, Geneva: International Programme on Chemical Safety, March 1996, http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0398.htm.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 2-Butene, SIDS Initial Assessment Report, Geneva: United Nations Environment Programme, February 1995, http://www.inchem.org/documents/sids/sids/107017.pdf.
- ↑ Chemical Safety Information from Intergovernmental Organizations
External links
- SIDS Initial Assessment Report for 2-Butene from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
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