Chemistry:Kusum oil
Kusum oil is a type of oil extracted from the seed of the Kusum tree (Schleichera oleosa). The plant, which is also commonly known as Ceylon oak, lac tree, or Macassar oiltree,[1] belongs to the Sapindaceae family. The schleichera family is named after J. C. Schleicher, a Swiss botanist,[2] and the species name means "oily" or "rich in oil." The tree is native to India and Pakistan, but is also found in some parts of Southeast Asia.
Collection of Seeds
The bunches of fruit are plucked by climbing the Schleichera oleosa trees. The fruit pulp is removed by rubbing the fruits in water, and letting them dry.
Oil
The oil contains oleic acid (2-3%), Stearic acid (2-6%), Gadoleic acid and arachidic acid as well as cyanogenic compounds, which must be removed for human consumption. Kusum oil is unusual, with just 37% of common glycerol esters. The oil also contains Linoleic acid (43-50%), Palmitic acid (5-8%), and hydrocyanic acid, which is poisonous and must also be removed prior to consumption. The oil is yellowish brown, semi-solid, with the faint odour of bitter almond. When allowed to settle, a light coloured solid fat separates.[3] Kusum oil contains a cyanogenic compound in concentration of 0.03-0.05% as HCN. But the exact location of the cyanogenic compound in the oil or its nature has not been reported.
Table-Physical and chemical properties of kusum oil[4]
| CHARACTERISTIC | value range |
| Moisture and insoluble impurities | 0.25 |
| Refractive Index at 50 °C | 4.4560-1.460 |
| Specific gravityat 90°/30 °C | 0.865-0.869 |
| Saponification value | 220-240 |
| Iodine value(Wijs) | 48-60 |
| Acid valueMax | 10.0 |
| Unsaponifiable matter% by Wt | 3.0 |
| Titer value°C,min | 45 |
| Reichert-meissel value | 15-20 |
| polenske value,Max | 1.5 |
Table.2.Fatty acid composition of kusum oil[5]
n-6 cisLinoleic acid(C18:2)||5.56| Fatty acid | percent |
| myristic acid(C14:0) | 0.01 |
| Palmitic acid(C16:0) | 7.59 |
| n-7 Palmititoleic acid(C16:1) | 1.80 |
| n-9 cisOleic acid(C18:1) | 2.83 |
| n-6 TransLinoleic acid(C18:2) | 49.69 |
| n-3alpha-linolenic acid(C18:3) | 0.26 |
| n-9Eicosenoic acid(C20:1) | 29.54 |
| n-6Eicosadienoic acid(C20:2) | 0.24 |
| Behenic acid | 1.14 |
| Erucic acid(C22:1) | 1.22 |
| Lignoceic acid(C24:0) | 0.03 |
Uses of oil
Kusum oil is used in hairdressing and to promote hair growth. The oil can also be used for cooking and lighting, and is used in traditional medicine systems for skin problems such as acne, itching, and burns. It is used as massage oil to relieve the pain of rheumatism.[6]
See also
- Schleichera oleosa
- Trees of India
References
- ↑ "Lac tree, Macassar Oil tree, Ceylon Oak. Kusum, Kusumba, Kusim". Gardentia. http://gardentia.net/2013/09/25/lac-tree-macassar-oil-tree-ceylon-oak-kusum-kusumba-kusim/. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
- ↑ "Kusum (Gujarati: કુસુમ) | Flickr - Photo Sharing!". Flickr. 2009-03-22. https://www.flickr.com/photos/dinesh_valke/3382144241/. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
- ↑ "Kusum". Crirec.com. 2011-01-19. http://www.crirec.com/2011/01/kusum/. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
- ↑ "IS 4088 (1966): Kusum Oil (Fas 13: Oils and Oilseeds)". Law.resource.org. ftp://law.resource.org/in/bis/S06/is.4088.1966.pdf. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
- ↑ "Methyl Ester Production from Schlichera Oleosa". Ijpsr.com. http://www.ijpsr.com/V2I5/22%20Vol.2,%20Issue%205,%20May%202011,%20Paper%2013.pdf. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
- ↑ abbas (2012-01-15). "Herbs-Treat And Taste: Kusum, Ceylon Oak, Or Macassar Oil Tree: Health Benefits And Uses Of Schleichera Oleosa". Herbs-treatandtaste.blogspot.in. http://herbs-treatandtaste.blogspot.in/2012/01/kusum-ceylon-oak-or-macassar-oil-tree.html. Retrieved 2013-11-21.
External links
- Indianjournals.com
- "Studies on some chemical aspects of kusum oil". Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 46: 23–27. doi:10.1007/BF02632704. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02632704#page-1.
- Ijpsr.com
 |
