Chemistry:List of alloys
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This is a list of named alloys grouped alphabetically by base metal. Within these headings, the alloys are also grouped alphabetically. Some of the main alloying elements are optionally listed after the alloy names.
Alloys by base metal
Aluminium
- AA-8000: used for electrical building wire in the U.S. per the National Electrical Code, replacing AA-1350.[1]
- Al–Li (2.45% lithium): aerospace applications, including the Space Shuttle
- Alnico (nickel, cobalt): used for permanent magnets
- Birmabright (magnesium, manganese): used in car bodies, mainly used by Land Rover cars.
- Duralumin (copper)
- Hiduminium or R.R. alloys (2% copper, iron, nickel): used in aircraft pistons
- Hydronalium (up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion
- Italma (3.5% magnesium, 0.3% manganese): formerly used to make coinage of the Italian lira
- Magnalium (5-50% magnesium): used in airplane bodies, ladders, pyrotechnics, etc.
- Aluminium–Scandium (scandium)
- Y alloy (4% copper, nickel, magnesium)
Aluminium also forms complex metallic alloys, like β–Al–Mg, ξ'–Al–Pd–Mn, and T–Al3Mn.
Beryllium
Bismuth
- Bismanol (manganese); magnetic alloy from the 1950s using powder metallurgy
- Cerrosafe (lead, tin, cadmium)
- Rose metal (lead, tin)
- Wood's metal (lead, tin, cadmium)
Chromium
- Chromium hydride (hydrogen)
- Nichrome (nickel)
Cobalt
- Megallium
- Stellite (chromium, tungsten, carbon)
- Talonite
- Ultimet (chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, tungsten) [3]
- Vitallium
Copper
- Arsenical copper
- Beryllium copper (beryllium)
- Billon (silver)
- Brass (zinc) see also Brass §Brass types for longer list
- Calamine brass (zinc)
- Chinese silver (zinc)
- Dutch metal (zinc)
- Gilding metal (zinc)
- Muntz metal (zinc)
- Pinchbeck (zinc)
- Prince's metal (zinc)
- Tombac (zinc)
- Bronze (tin, aluminium or other element)
- Aluminium bronze (aluminium)
- Arsenical bronze
- Bell metal (tin)
- Florentine bronze (aluminium or tin)
- Glucydur (beryllium, iron)
- Guanín
- Gunmetal (tin, zinc)
- Phosphor bronze (tin and phosphorus)
- Ormolu (Gilt Bronze) (zinc)
- Silicon bronze
- Speculum metal (tin)
- Constantan (nickel)
- Copper hydride (hydrogen)
- Copper–tungsten (tungsten)
- Corinthian bronze (gold, silver)
- Cunife (nickel, iron)
- Cupronickel (nickel)
- CuSil (silver)
- Cymbal alloys (Bell metal) (tin)
- Devarda's alloy (aluminium, zinc)
- Electrum (gold, silver)
- Hepatizon (gold, silver)
- Manganin (manganese, nickel)
- Melchior (nickel); high corrosion resistance, used in marine applications in condenser tubes
- Molybdochalkos (lead)
- Nickel silver (nickel)
- Nordic gold (aluminium, zinc, tin)
- Shakudo (gold)
- Tumbaga (gold)
Gallium
Gold
- See also notes below[note 1]
- Antanium (iron, copper)
- Colored gold (silver, copper)
- Crown gold (silver, copper)
- Electrum (silver, gold)
- Rhodite (rhodium)
- Rose gold (copper)
- Tumbaga (copper)
- White gold (nickel, palladium)
Indium
- Field's metal (bismuth, tin)
Lead
- Molybdochalkos (copper)
- Solder (tin)
- Terne (tin)
- Type metal (tin, antimony)
Magnesium
- Elektron
- Magnox (0.8% aluminium, 0.004% beryllium); used in nuclear reactors
- T-Mg–Al–Zn (Bergman phase) is a complex metallic alloy
Mercury
Nickel
- Category: Nickel alloys
- Alnico (aluminium, cobalt); used in magnets
- Alumel (manganese, aluminium, silicon)
- Brightray (20% chromium, iron, rare earths); originally for hard-facing valve seats
- Chromel (chromium)
- Cupronickel (bronze, copper)
- Ferronickel (iron)
- German silver (copper, zinc)
- Hastelloy (molybdenum, chromium, sometimes tungsten)
- Inconel (chromium, iron)
- Monel metal (copper, iron, manganese)
- Nichrome (chromium)
- Nickel-carbon (carbon)
- Nicrosil (chromium, silicon, magnesium)
- Nimonic (chromium, cobalt, titanium), used in jet engine turbine blades
- Nisil (silicon)
- Nitinol (titanium, shape memory alloy)
- Magnetically "soft" alloys
- Mu-metal (iron)
- Permalloy (iron, molybdenum)
- Supermalloy (molybdenum)
- Brass (copper, zinc, manganese)
- Nickel hydride (hydrogen)
- Stainless steel (chromium, molybdenum, carbon, manganese, sulphur, phosphorus, silicon)
- Coin silver (nickel)
Plutonium
- Plutonium–aluminium
- Plutonium–cerium
- Plutonium–cerium–cobalt
- Plutonium–gallium (gallium)
- Plutonium–gallium–cobalt
- Plutonium–zirconium
Potassium
Rare Earths
- Mischmetal (various rare earth elements)
- Terfenol-D (terbium, dysprosium, and iron), a highly magnetostrictive alloy used in portable speakers such as the SoundBug device
Rhodium
- Pseudo palladium (rhodium–silver alloy)
Samarium
SmCo (cobalt); used for permanent magnets in guitar pickups, headphones, satellite transponders, etc.
Scandium
Silver
- Argentium sterling silver (copper, germanium)
- Billon
- Britannia silver (copper)
- Doré bullion (gold)
- Electrum (gold)
- Goloid (copper, gold)
- Platinum sterling (platinum)
- Shibuichi (copper)
- Sterling silver (copper)
- Tibetan silver (copper)
Sodium
- NaK (potassium)
Titanium
- 6al–4v (aluminium, vanadium)
- Beta C (vanadium, chromium, others)
- Gum metal (niobium, tantalum, zirconium, oxygen); used in spectacle frames, precision screws etc.
- Titanium hydride (hydrogen)
- Titanium nitride (nitrogen)
- Titanium gold (gold)
Tin
- Babbitt (copper, antimony, lead; used for bearing surfaces)[4]
- Britannium (copper, antimony)[1]
- Pewter (antimony, copper)
- Queen's metal (antimony, lead, and bismuth)
- Solder (lead, antimony)
- Terne (lead)
- White metal, (copper or lead); used as base metal for plating, in bearings, etc.
Uranium
- Staballoy (depleted uranium with other metals, usually titanium or molybdenum). See also #Iron above for Staballoy (stainless steel).
- Uranium hydride (hydrogen)
Zinc
See also
- List of named alloys
- List of brazing alloys
- Complex metallic alloys
- Heusler alloy, a range of ferromagnetic alloys (66% copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel or palladium)
- Intermetallic compounds
- Pot metal; inexpensive casting metal of non-specific composition
Notes
- ↑ The purity of gold alloys is expressed in karats, (UK: carats) which indicates the ratio of the minimum amount of gold (by mass) over 24 parts total. 24 karat gold is fine gold (24/24 parts), and the engineering standard[citation needed] is that it be applied to alloys that have been refined to 99.9% or better purity ("3 nines fine"). There are, however, places in the world that allow the claim of 24kt. to alloys with as little as 99.0% gold ("2 nines fine" or "point nine-nine fine).[citation needed] An alloy which is 14 parts gold to 10 parts alloy is 14 karat gold, 18 parts gold to 6 parts alloy is 18 karat, etc. This is becoming more commonly[citation needed] and more precisely expressed as a decimal fraction, i.e.: 14/24 equals .585 (rounded off), and 18/24 is .750 ("seven-fifty fine"). There are hundreds of possible alloys and mixtures possible, but in general the addition of silver will color gold green, and the addition of copper will color it red. A mix of around 50/50 copper and silver gives the range of yellow gold alloys the public is accustomed to seeing in the marketplace.
References
- ↑ Hunter, Christel (2006). Aluminum Building Wire Installation and Terminations, IAEI News, January–February 2006. Richardson, TX: International Association of Electrical Inspectors.
- ↑ Hausner(1965) Beryllium its Metallurgy and Properties , University of California Press
- ↑ "Ultimet® alloy - Nominal Composition". http://www.haynesintl.com/alloys/alloy-portfolio_/Corrosion-resistant-Alloys/ULTIMET-alloy/nominal-compositiion. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
- ↑ "Tin Based Alloys". http://www.mayeralloys.com/reclamation.html.
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