Chemistry:List of named alloys

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This is a list of named alloys grouped alphabetically by the metal with the highest percentage. Within these headings, the alloys are also grouped alphabetically. Some of the main alloying elements are optionally listed after the alloy names.

Alloys by base metal

Alkali intermetallics

Sodium–potassium alloy

Aluminum

AA-8000: used for electrical building wire in the U.S. per the National Electrical Code, replacing AA-1350.^[1]
Al–Li (2.45% lithium): aerospace applications, including the Space Shuttle
Alnico (nickel, cobalt): used for permanent magnets
Aluminium–Scandium (scandium)
Birmabright (magnesium, manganese): used in car bodies, mainly used by Land Rover cars.
Devarda's alloy (45% Al, 50% Cu, 5% Zn): chemical reducing agent.
Duralumin (copper)
Hiduminium or R.R. alloys (2% copper, iron, nickel): used in aircraft pistons
Hydronalium (up to 12% magnesium, 1% manganese): used in shipbuilding, resists seawater corrosion
Italma (3.5% magnesium, 0.3% manganese): formerly used to make coinage of the Italian lira
Magnalium (5-50% magnesium): used in airplane bodies, ladders, pyrotechnics, etc.
Ni-Ti-Al (nickel 50%, titanium 40%, aluminium 10%), also called Nitinol
Y alloy (4% copper, nickel, magnesium)

Aluminium also forms complex metallic alloys, like β–Al–Mg, ξ'–Al–Pd–Mn, and T–Al₃Mn.

Beryllium

Lockalloy (62% beryllium, 38% aluminium)^[2]

Bismuth

Bismanol (manganese); magnetic alloy from the 1950s using powder metallurgy
Cerrosafe (lead, tin, cadmium)
Rose metal (lead, tin)
Wood's metal (lead, tin, cadmium)

Chromium

Cobalt

Elgiloy (cobalt, chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, manganese, carbon)[Cr-Co-Ni]
Megallium (cobalt, chromium, molybdenum)
Stellite (chromium, tungsten, carbon)
Talonite (tungsten, molybdenum, carbon)
Ultimet (chromium, nickel, iron, molybdenum, tungsten)^[3]
Vitallium (chromium, molybdenum)

Copper

Aluminium bronze (aluminium)
- Devarda's alloy (aluminium, zinc)
- Duralumin (aluminium)
- Nordic gold (aluminium, zinc, tin, nickel)
Arsenical copper (arsenic)
Beryllium copper/spring copper (0.5–3% beryllium, 99.5%–97% copper)^[4]
Billon (silver)
- CuSil (silver)
- Dymalloy (silver, carbon)
Brass (zinc) see also Brass §Brass types for longer list
- Brastil (silicon, zinc, aluminium?)^[5]^[6]
- Calamine brass (zinc)
- Chinese silver (zinc, cobalt, nickel, silver)
- Dutch metal (zinc)
- Gilding metal (zinc)
- Muntz metal (zinc)
- Pinchbeck (zinc)
- Pomponne (zinc, tin)
- Prince's metal (zinc)
- Tombac (zinc)
Bronze (tin, or other heavy metals)
- Arsenical bronze (arsenic, tin)
- Bell metal (tin)
- Bismuth bronze (bismuth)
- Cymbal alloys (tin)
- Florentine bronze (aluminium or tin)
- Gunmetal (tin, zinc)
- Phosphor bronze (tin, phosphorus)
- Silicon bronze (tin, arsenic, silicon)
- Speculum metal (tin)
- White bronze (tin, zinc)
Colored gold (gold)
- Auricupride (Cu₃Au)
- Corinthian bronze (gold, silver)
- Guanín (gold, silver)
- Hepatizon/black bronze (gold, silver)
- Red gold (gold)
- Rose gold (gold, silver)
- Shakudo (gold)
- Tumbaga (gold)
Cupronickel (nickel)
- Constantan (nickel)
- Cunife (nickel, iron)
- Manganin (manganese, nickel)
- Melchior (nickel); high corrosion resistance, used in marine applications in condenser tubes
- Nickel silver (nickel, zinc)
- Tungum (nickel, silicon, aluminium, zinc)
Copper hydride (hydrogen)
Copper–tungsten (tungsten)
Glucydur (beryllium, iron)
Leaded copper/molybdochalkos (lead)
Tellurium copper (tellurium)

Gallium

AlGa (aluminium, gallium)
Galfenol (iron)
Galinstan (indium, tin)

Gold

See also notes below^{[note 1]}

Colored gold (silver, copper)
Crown gold (silver, copper)
Electrum (silver)
Purple gold (aluminium)
Goloid
Rhodite (rhodium)
Rose gold (copper)
Tumbaga (copper)
White gold (nickel, palladium)

Indium

Field's metal (bismuth, tin)

Iron

Most iron alloys are steels, with carbon as a major alloying element.

Elinvar (nickel, chromium)
Fernico (nickel, cobalt)
- Ferroboron
- Ferrocerium
- Ferrochrome
- Ferromagnesium
- Ferromanganese
- Ferromolybdenum
- Ferronickel
- Ferrophosphorus
- Ferrosilicon
- Ferrotitanium
- Ferrouranium
- Ferrovanadium
Invar (nickel)
Cast iron (carbon)
Pig iron (carbon)
Iron hydride (hydrogen)
Kanthal (20–30% chromium, 4–7.5% aluminium); used in heating elements, including e-cigarettes
Kovar (nickel, cobalt)
Spiegeleisen (manganese, carbon, silicon)
Staballoy (stainless steel) (manganese, chromium, carbon) - see also Uranium below
- Bulat steel
- Chromoly (chromium, molybdenum)
- Crucible steel
- Damascus steel
- Ducol
- Hadfield steel
- High-speed steel
  - Mushet steel
- HSLA steel
- Maraging steel
- Reynolds 531
- Silicon steel (silicon)
- Spring steel
- Stainless steel (chromium, nickel)
  - AL-6XN
  - Alloy 20
  - Celestrium
  - Marine grade stainless
  - Martensitic stainless steel
  - Alloy 28 or Sanicro 28 (nickel, chromium)
  - Surgical stainless steel (chromium, molybdenum, nickel)
  - Zeron 100 (chromium, nickel, molybdenum)
- Tool steel (tungsten or manganese)
  - Silver steel (US:Drill rod) (manganese, chromium, silicon)
- Weathering steel ('Cor-ten') (silicon, manganese, chromium, copper, vanadium, nickel)
- Wootz steel
- Wrought iron

Lead

Magnesium

Elektron
Magnox (0.8% aluminium, 0.004% beryllium); used in nuclear reactors
T-Mg–Al–Zn (Bergman phase) is a complex metallic alloy

Manganese

MN40, used in a foil for brazing
MN70, used in a foil for brazing
Ferromanganese
Spiegeleisen

Mercury

Nickel

Alloy 230^[7]
Alnico (aluminium, cobalt); used in magnets
Alumel (manganese, aluminium, silicon)
Brightray (20% chromium, iron, rare earths); originally for hard-facing valve seats
Chromel (chromium)
Cupronickel (bronze, copper)
Ferronickel (iron)
German silver (copper, zinc)
Hastelloy (molybdenum, chromium, sometimes tungsten)
Inconel (chromium, iron)
Inconel 686 (chromium, molybdenum, tungsten)
Invar
Monel metal (copper, iron, manganese)
Nichrome (chromium)
Nickel-carbon (carbon)
Nicrosil (chromium, silicon, magnesium)
Nimonic (chromium, cobalt, titanium), used in jet engine turbine blades
Nisil (silicon)
Nitinol (titanium, shape memory alloy)
Magnetically "soft" alloys
- Mu-metal (iron)
- Permalloy (iron, molybdenum)
- Supermalloy (molybdenum)
- Brass (copper, zinc, manganese)
  - Nickel hydride (hydrogen)
  - Stainless steel (chromium, molybdenum, carbon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, silicon)
  - Coin silver (nickel)

Platinum

Platinum-iridium

Plutonium

Plutonium–aluminium
Plutonium–cerium
Plutonium–cerium–cobalt
Plutonium–gallium (gallium)
Plutonium–gallium–cobalt
Plutonium–zirconium

Rare earths

Mischmetal (various rare earth elements)
Terfenol-D (terbium, dysprosium, and iron), a highly magnetostrictive alloy used in portable speakers such as the SoundBug device
Ferrocerium (cerium, iron)
Neodymium magnets, another strong permanent magnet
SmCo (cobalt); used for permanent magnets in guitar pickups, headphones, satellite transponders, etc.
Scandium hydride (hydrogen)
Lanthanum-nickel alloy (nickel)

Rhodium

Pseudo palladium (rhodium–silver alloy)

Silver

Argentium sterling silver (copper, germanium)
Billon
Britannia silver (copper)
Doré bullion (gold)
Dymalloy (copper, metal matrix composite with diamond)
Electrum (gold)
Goloid (copper, gold)
Platinum sterling (platinum)
Shibuichi (copper)
Sterling silver (copper)
Tibetan silver (copper)

Titanium

Beta C (vanadium, chromium, others)
Grade 5 Titanium (aluminium, vanadium) [Ti-6Al-4V]
Gum metal (niobium, tantalum, zirconium, oxygen); used in spectacle frames, precision screws, etc.
Titanium carbide (carbon) [Ti-C]
Titanium gold (gold)
Titanium hydride (hydrogen)
Titanium nitride (nitrogen)

Tin

Babbitt (copper, antimony, lead; used for bearing surfaces)
Britannium (copper, antimony)^[8]
Pewter (antimony, copper)
Queen's metal (antimony, lead, and bismuth)
Solder (lead, antimony)
Terne (lead)
White metal, (copper or lead); used as base metal for plating, in bearings, etc.
Lead free solder (copper, silver)

Tungsten

Carboloy (cobalt)^[9]

Uranium

Staballoy (depleted uranium with other metals, usually titanium or molybdenum). See also Iron above for Staballoy (stainless steel).
Uranium hydride (hydrogen)
Mulberry (alloy) (niobium, zirconium)

Zinc

Zamak (aluminium, magnesium, copper)
Electroplated zinc alloys

Notes

↑ The purity of gold alloys is expressed in karats, (UK: carats) which indicates the ratio of the minimum amount of gold (by mass) over 24 parts total. 24 karat gold is fine gold (24/24 parts), and the engineering standard is that it be applied to alloys that have been refined to 99.9% or better purity ("3 nines fine"). There are, however, places in the world that allow the claim of 24kt. to alloys with as little as 99.0% gold ("2 nines fine" or "point nine-nine fine).{{citation needed|date=February 2016| 0 parts alloy is 14 karat gold, 18 parts gold to 6 parts alloy is 18 karat, etc. This is becoming more commonly^{[citation needed]} and more precisely expressed as a decimal fraction, i.e.: 14/24 equals .585 (rounded off), and 18/24 is There are hundreds of possible alloys and mixtures possible, but in general the addition of silver will color gold green, and the addition of copper will color it red. A mix of around 50/50 copper and silver gives the range of yellow gold alloys the public is accustomed to seeing in the marketplace.

References

↑ Hunter, Christel (2006). Aluminum Building Wire Installation and Terminations , IAEI News, January–February 2006. Richardson, TX: International Association of Electrical Inspectors.
↑ Hausner(1965) Beryllium its Metallurgy and Properties, University of California Press
↑ "Ultimet® alloy - Nominal Composition". http://www.haynesintl.com/alloys/alloy-portfolio_/Corrosion-resistant-Alloys/ULTIMET-alloy/nominal-compositiion.
↑ Donald E. Kirby, D. A. O'Keefe, Thomas A. Sullivan(1972) [1], United States Department of the Interior
↑ "Doehler-Jarvis Company Collection, MSS-202". https://www.utoledo.edu/library/canaday/HTML_findingaids/MSS-202.html.
↑ Woldman’s Engineering Alloys, 9th Edition 1936, American Society for Metals, ISBN 978-0-87170-691-1
↑ Mathias, Paul M. (15 March 1996). "Molecular modeling in engineering design and materials development.". Fluid Phase Equilibria 116 (1–2): 225–236. doi:10.1016/0378-3812(95)02891-9. Bibcode: 1996FlPEq.116..225M. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0378381295028919. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
↑ "Retired Product". http://www.riverdeep.net/current/2002/03/031802t_oscars.jhtml.
↑ Haynes, Williams (1936). Men, Money, and Molecules. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of named alloys. Read more

[7] The purity of gold alloys is expressed in karats, (UK: carats) which indicates the ratio of the minimum amount of gold (by mass) over 24 parts total. 24 karat gold is fine gold (24/24 parts), and the engineering standard is that it be applied to alloys that have been refined to 99.9% or better purity ("3 nines fine"). There are, however, places in the world that allow the claim of 24kt. to alloys with as little as 99.0% gold ("2 nines fine" or "point nine-nine fine).{{citation needed|date=February 2016| 0 parts alloy is 14 karat gold, 18 parts gold to 6 parts alloy is 18 karat, etc. This is becoming more commonly^{[citation needed]} and more precisely expressed as a decimal fraction, i.e.: 14/24 equals .585 (rounded off), and 18/24 is There are hundreds of possible alloys and mixtures possible, but in general the addition of silver will color gold green, and the addition of copper will color it red. A mix of around 50/50 copper and silver gives the range of yellow gold alloys the public is accustomed to seeing in the marketplace.

[1] Hunter, Christel (2006). Aluminum Building Wire Installation and Terminations , IAEI News, January–February 2006. Richardson, TX: International Association of Electrical Inspectors.

[2] Hausner(1965) Beryllium its Metallurgy and Properties, University of California Press

[3] "Ultimet® alloy - Nominal Composition". http://www.haynesintl.com/alloys/alloy-portfolio_/Corrosion-resistant-Alloys/ULTIMET-alloy/nominal-compositiion.

[4] Donald E. Kirby, D. A. O'Keefe, Thomas A. Sullivan(1972) [1], United States Department of the Interior

[5] "Doehler-Jarvis Company Collection, MSS-202". https://www.utoledo.edu/library/canaday/HTML_findingaids/MSS-202.html.

[6] Woldman’s Engineering Alloys, 9th Edition 1936, American Society for Metals, ISBN 978-0-87170-691-1

[8] Mathias, Paul M. (15 March 1996). "Molecular modeling in engineering design and materials development.". Fluid Phase Equilibria 116 (1–2): 225–236. doi:10.1016/0378-3812(95)02891-9. Bibcode: 1996FlPEq.116..225M. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0378381295028919. Retrieved 11 July 2022.

[9] "Retired Product". http://www.riverdeep.net/current/2002/03/031802t_oscars.jhtml.

[10] Haynes, Williams (1936). Men, Money, and Molecules. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.

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