Chemistry:Selenium oxydichloride

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Selenium oxydichloride
Structure of the selenium oxydichloride molecule
Structure of the selenium oxydichloride molecule
3D model of the selenium oxydichloride molecule
3D model of the selenium oxydichloride molecule
Names
IUPAC name
Selenium oxychloride
Other names
Seleninyl chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
EC Number
  • 232-244-0
RTECS number
  • VS7000000
UNII
Properties
SeOCl2
Molar mass 165.87 g/mol
Appearance colorless liquid
Density 2.43 g/cm3, liquid
Melting point 10.9 °C (51.6 °F; 284.0 K)
Boiling point 177.2 °C (351.0 °F; 450.3 K)
1.651 (20 °C)
Structure
trigonal pyramidal
Hazards
GHS pictograms GHS05: CorrosiveGHS06: ToxicGHS08: Health hazardGHS09: Environmental hazard
GHS Signal word Warning
H301, H314, H331, H373, H410
P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+310, P301+330+331, P303+361+353, P304+340, P305+351+338, P310, P311, P314, P321, P330, P363, P391, P403+233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondFlammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterHealth code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasReactivity code 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
0
3
1
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
2 mg/kg (rabbit, dermal)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
 SOCl2, POCl3
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Selenium oxydichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula SeOCl2. It is a colorless liquid. With a high dielectric constant (55) and high specific conductance, it is an attractive solvent. Structurally, it is a close chemical relative of thionyl chloride SOCl2, being a pyramidal molecule.

Preparation and reactions

Selenium oxydichloride can be prepared by several methods, and a common one involves the conversion of selenium dioxide to dichloroselenious acid followed by dehydration:[3]

SeO2 + 2 HCl → Se(OH)2Cl2
Se(OH)2Cl2 → SeOCl2 + H2O

The original synthesis involved the redistribution reaction of selenium dioxide and selenium tetrachloride.

Pure selenium oxydichloride autoionizes to a dimer:[4]

SeOCl2 ↔ (SeO)2Cl+3 + Cl−

The SeOCl2 is generally a labile Lewis acid and solutions of sulfur trioxide in SeOCl2 likely form [SeOCl]+[SO3Cl]− the same way.[5]

The compound hydrolyzes readily to form hydrogen chloride and selenium dioxide,[citation needed] and very few organic compounds dissolve in it without reaction. At elevated temperatures, it is a strong oxidizer, yielding a chloride, selenium dioxide, and diselenium dichloride.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Selenium compounds (as Se)". Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/7782492.html. 
  2. ↑ "Selenium oxychloride" (in en). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/24647#section=Safety-and-Hazards. 
  3. ↑ Smith, G. B. L.; Jackson, Julius (1950). "Selenium(IV) Oxychloride". Inorganic Syntheses. 3. pp. 130–137. doi:10.1002/9780470132340.ch34. ISBN 9780470132340. 
  4. ↑ Audrieth & Kleinberg 1953, p. 237.
  5. ↑ Audrieth & Kleinberg 1953, pp. 239–242.
  6. ↑ Audrieth, Ludwig F.; Kleinberg, Jacob (1953). Non-aqueous solvents. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 235–6. https://archive.org/details/cftri.2662nonaqueoussolven0000ludw/page/. 



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