Earth:Guanling Formation

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Guanling Formation
Stratigraphic range: early-mid Anisian (Pelsonian)
~247–245 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
UnderliesYangliujing Formation
OverliesJialingjiang Formation
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone, limestone
OtherDolomite
Location
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 25°30′N 104°54′E / 25.5°N 104.9°E / 25.5; 104.9
Paleocoordinates [ ⚑ ] 11°42′N 94°12′E / 11.7°N 94.2°E / 11.7; 94.2
RegionGuizhou & Yunnan Provinces
CountryChina
ExtentYunnan–Guizhou Plateau
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The Guanling Formation is a Middle Triassic (Anisian or Pelsonian in the regional chronostratigraphy) geologic formation in southwestern China.

Geology

The formation encompasses two members. The first member is primarily calcareous mudstone and dolomite, indicative of a coastal environment. The second member is a thicker marine sequence of dark micritic limestone with some dolomite. Two distinct fossil assemblages are found in the second member. The older Luoping biota preserves abundant arthropods (including isopods,[1] decapods,[2] mysidaceans and thylacocephalans[3]) along with fossils from other invertebrates and vertebrates, which are rare but well-preserved. The slightly younger Panxian fauna has a more diverse and common assortment of marine reptiles such as sauropterygians.[4]

A tuff bed in the Luoping biota has been dated to 244.5 ± 2.2 Ma via U-Pb SHRIMP dating. The Luoping biota as a whole was deposited over a period of 340 ± 71 kyr. This estimate is justified by cyclostratigraphic evidence, as indicated by fluctuations of terrestrial proxy metals.[5]

Fossil content

Template:Paleobiota-key-compact Among others, the following fossils were reported from the formation:

Invertebrates

Arthropoda

Template:Paleobiota-key-compact

Arthropods of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Material Notes Image
Acanthochirana[6] A. spinifera Luoping Biota Upper Member A preserved exoskeleton An early aegerid prawn
Anisaeger [6] A. brevirostrus Luoping Biota Upper Member A preserved exoskeleton An early aegerid prawn
Aeger A. luxii Luoping Biota Upper Member A preserved exoskeleton An early aegerid prawn
Distaeger[6] D prodigiosus Luoping Biota Upper Member A preserved exoskeleton An early aegerid prawn
Judahella[7] J. leii Yunnan Upper Member A specimen An early ostracod
Koryncheiros K. luopingensis Luoping Biota Upper Member A preserved exoskeleton A clytiopsid
Protamphisopus [8] P. baii Dawazi, Luoping and Ranjiazhai village, Guizhou Upper Member A preserved exoskeleton An amphisopid
Sinopemphix S. guizhouensis Dawazi, Luoping Upper Member A preserved exoskeleton A pemphicid
Sinosoma S. luopingense Dawazi, Luoping Member II A preserved exoskeleton A chilognatha
Tridactylastacus T. sinensis Luoping Biota Upper Member A preserved exoskeleton A litogastroid
Yunnanocopia Y. grandis Dawazi and Shangshikan Quarry, Luoping Upper Member A carapace A eucopiid crustacean
Y. longicauda A carapace
Yunnanolimulus Y. luopingensis Dawazi, Luoping Upper Member A carapace A limulid (horseshoe crab)
Yunnanopalinura Y. schrami Luoping Biota Upper Member A preserved exoskeleton An early relative of spiny lobsters

Ammonoidea

Ammonites of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Material Notes Image
Progonoceratites P. pulcher Guizhou A fossilized shell A ceratitid ammonite

Bivalvia

Bivalves of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Material Notes Image
Asoella A. illyrica
Eumorphotis E. (Asoella) paradoxica
Myophoria M. (Costatoria) goldfussi
Pleuromya P. elongata
Brachiopoda
Brachiopods of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Material Notes Image
Lingula L. deitersensis
L. marginia
L. polaris
Pseudospiriferina P. multicostata
P. pinguis
Punctospirella P. fragilis
Echinoidea
Sea Urchins of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Material Notes Image
Yunnanechinus[9] Y. luopingensis Luoping Biota, Yunnan Member II A specimen An early sea urchin

Vertebrates

Fish

Template:Paleobiota-key-compact

Actinopterygii
Ray-finned fish of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Material Notes Image
Altisolepis A. sinensis Dawazi, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton A peltopleurid bony fish
Frodoichthys luopingensis
Luoxiongichthys hyperdorsalis
Diandongichthys[10] D. ocellatus Luoping, Yunnan Upper Member A complete, laterally compressed specimen A basal ginglymodian
Diandongperleidus D. denticulatus Dawazi, Yunnan Upper Member A preserved skeleton A perleidiform
Feroxichthys F. panzhouensis Xinmin, Panxian Upper Member A skeleton A colobodontid
F. yunnanensis Luoping Biota, Yunnan A skeleton
Frodoichthys F. luopingensis Dawazi village, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton An early neopterygian
Fuyuanperleidus F. dengi Dawazi village, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton A fuyuanperleidid
Gimlichthys G. dawaziensis Dawazi village, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton An early neopterygian
Gymnoichthys G. inopinatus Dawazi village, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton An amiiform
Habroichthys H. broughi Dawazi village, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton A peltopleuriform
Kyphosichthys[11] K. grandei Luoping, eastern Yunnan Province Upper Member A complete preserved skeleton A kyphosichthyiform
Lashanichthys[12] L. sui Yangjuan, Guizhou Upper Member A partial skeleton A lashanichthyid
L. yangjuanensis Dawazi Village, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton
Luopingichthys L. bergi Dawazi Village, Yunnan Member II A skeleton A louwoichthyiform
Luoxiongichthys L. hyperdorsalis Luoxiong Town, Yunnan Lower member A nearly complete skeleton and skull, a partial skull, and other referred materials A halecomorph
Louwoichthys L. pusillus Yunnan Member II A skeleton A louwoichthyid fish
Luopingperleidus L. sui Dawazi, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton A perleidid
Marcopoloichthys[13] M. ani Dawazi village, Yunnan Upper Member A complete specimen A teleosteomorph
Panxianichthys P. imparilis Xinmin, Guizhou and Yanjuan Upper Member A skeleton A panxianichthyiform
Perleidus[14] P. sinensis Dawazi village, Yunnan Upper Member A specimen A perleidid
Platysiagum P. sinensis Dawazi, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton A platysiagid
Pteronisculus P. changae Dawazi village, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton An early ray-finned fish of uncertain affinites
P. nielseni[15] Luoping Biota, Yunnan A skeleton
Robustichthys R. luopingensis Luoping Biota, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton A Ionoscopiform
Saurichthys S. dawaziensis Dawazi village, Yunnan Upper member A broad skull and crushing dentition A saurichthyiform
S. spinosa
Sinosaurichthys S. longimedialis Yangjuan, Guizhou and Dawazi of Luoping, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton A saurichthyiform
S. longipectoralis A skeleton
S. minuta A skeleton
Subortichthys S. triassicus Luoping biota, Yunnan Member II A skeleton A subortichthyid
Venusichthys[16] V. comptus Luoping biota, Yunnan Member II Multiple skeletons A neopterygian in the monotypic family Venusichthyidae
Yelangichthys Y. macrocephalus Xindian, Guizhou Upper Member A broad skull and crushing dentition. A saurichthyiform
Yudaiichthys [12] Y. eximius Luoping biota, Yunnan Member II A skeleton A lashanichthyid
Sarcopterygii
Lobe-finned fish of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Material Notes Image
Luopingcoelacanthus L. eurylacrimalis Luoping Biota, Yunnan Upper Member Multiple skeletons A coelacanthiform
Luopingcoelacanthus eurylacrimalis
Yunnancoelacanthus Y. acrotuberculatus Luoping Biota, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton A coelacanthiform

Reptiles

Ichthyosauria
Ichthyosaurs of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Materials Notes Image
Barracudasauroides[17] B. panxianensis Yangjuan village, Xinmin Upper Member[17][4] A skeleton A small mixosaurid ichthyosaur; either a member of its own genus[18] or a species of Mixosaurus.[4]
Barracudasauroides
Phalarodon
Mixosaurus
Mixosaurus M. kuhnschnyderi Xinzhai Village, Luoping Upper Member A specimen A small mixosaurid ichthyosaur
M. luxiensis Huale Village, Luxi Upper Member A largely complete but disarticulated skeleton
M. panxianensis Yangjuan Hill locality Middle Member A skeleton
M. xindianensis Xindian, Qingshan Pu'an Upper Member
Phalarodon[19][20] P. atavus[20] Upper Member[4] A complete skeleton A small mixosaurid ichthyosaur; might represent a member of its own genus, Contectopalatus.
P. fraasi[19] Yangjuan Village Upper Member[4] A skull with durophagous dentition. A small mixosaurid ichthyosaur
Xinminosaurus[21] X. catactes Near Yangjuan Village, Guizhou Upper Member[4] A nearly complete skeleton A medium-sized early ichthyosaur with durophagous dentition, possibly a member of Cymbospondylidae.
Pseudosuchia
Pseudosuchians of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Materials Notes Image
Chirotherium C. bartheii Zhenfeng County, Guizhou Upper Member Several trackways A pseudosuchian archosaur
Qianosuchus
Qianosuchus Q. mixtus Xinmin, Panxian Two nearly complete skeletons and a crushed skull An aquatic poposauroid archosaur
Sauropterygia

Template:Paleobiota-key-compact

Nothosauria
Nothosaurs of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Materials Notes Image
Dawazisaurus D. brevis Dawazisaurus-type locality, Yunnan Member II A nearly complete skeleton exposed in dorsal view A sauropterygian of possible nothosauroid affinities
Dawazisaurus
Nothosaurus
Dikoposichnus[22] D. luopingensis Qingyuan Village, Guizhou, and Luoping Biota, Yunnan Member I 12 trackways and footprints A probable nothosaur ichnotaxon
Lariosaurus[23] L. hongguoensis Yangjuan village, Guizhou Upper Member A near-complete skeleton A small Lariosaurinae nothosaur
Nothosaurus N. rostellatus[24] Panxian, Guizhou Upper Member A complete skull and incomplete postcranial skeleton A nothosaur
N. yangjuanensis Panxian, Guizhou Middle Member A partial skeleton
N. zhangi[25] Bed 165 of the Dawazi section, Yunnan Upper Member A complete lower jaw associated with a partial postcranial skeleton
Sanchiaosaurus S. dengi Sanchiao in the vicinity of Guiyang and Chinchungchiao, Guizhou Middle member A partial skeleton A nothosaur
Pachypleurosauria
Pachypleurosaurs of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Materials Notes Image
Diandongosaurus D. acutidentatus Dawazi, Yunnan Member II A complete and articulated skeleton with skull A small pachypleurosaur
Luopingosaurus
Wumengosaurus
Dianopachysaurus D. dingi Dawazi, Luoping Member II A near-complete articulated skeleton A keichousaurid pachypleurosaur
Dianmeisaurus D. gracilis Luoping, Yunnan Upper Member A small skeleton likely belonging to an immature individual A pachypleurosaur
D. mutaensis Northwest of Muta village, Luxi A complete and articulated skeleton exposed in dorsal view
Honghesaurus H. longicaudalis Luxi, Yunnan Member II A skeleton A pachypleurosaurid
Luopingosaurus[26] L. imparilis Luoping, Yunnan Upper Member A skeleton A pachypleurosaurid
Panzhousaurus[27] P. rotundirostris Dapianpo Quarry from Yangjuan Village, Guizhou Upper Member A near-complete skeleton A pachypleurosaur
Wumengosaurus W. delicatomandibularis Yangjuan Village, Xinmin Member II A skeleton A small pachypleurosaur
W. rotundicarpus Panzhou, Guizhou Member II A specimen
Placodontiformes
Placodontiformes of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Materials Notes Image
Atopodentatus[28] A. unicus Dawazi, Yunnan Upper Member and Member II[28] Several well-preserved specimens A bizarre, likely herbivorous[29] sauropterygian with possible placodontiform affinities[30]
Atopodentatus
Placodus
Placodus[31] P. inexpectatus Yangjuan Village, Xinmin Upper Member[31][4] A skeleton A medium-sized placodontid placodont, known from a[31]
Saurosphargidae
Saurosphargidae of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Materials Notes Image
Anshunpes[22] A. aquacursor Qingyuan Village, Guizhou Songzikan Member (Member I) A trackway consisting of 10 right and 9 left autopodial (?manus) imprints An ichnotaxon of Saurosphargidae
Sinosaurosphargis
Largocephalosaurus L. polycarpon[32] Luoping, Yunnan Upper Member [32][4] A nearly complete and articulated skull and skeleton missing most of its tail A mid-sized basal saurosphargid sauropterygian
L. qianensis[33] Panxian, Gauizhou Upper Member [33][4] Multiple specimens A mid-sized basal saurosphargid sauropterygian
Sinosaurosphargis[34] S. yunguinensis Yangmazhai of Luoping County, Yunnan and Yangjian of Pan County, Guizhou Upper Member [34][4] Multiple specimens A small armoured saurosphargid sauropterygian
Tanysauria
Tanysaurians of the Guanling Formation
Genus Species Locality Member Materials Notes Image
Austronaga[35] A. minuta Waina Village, Yunnan Member II A nearly complete skull articulated, the first six cervical vertebrae, and 65 caudal vertebrae A trachelosaurid
Dinocephalosaurus
Pectodens
Dinocephalosaurus[36] D. orientalis Paxian, Gaizhou and Luoping, Yunnan Member II Multiple specimens A trachelosaurid
Gracilicollum[37] G. latens Near Xinmin Village in Panzhou, Guizhou Member II A skull and partial neck A probable trachelosaurid
Luxisaurus[36] L. terrestris Near Suomeiluo in Luxi County, Yunnan Upper Member An articulated partial skeleton A tanystropheid
Pectodens[36] P. zhenyuensis Luoping, Yunnan Member II A well-preserved and near-complete skeleton A small trachelosaurid

References

  1. ↑ Fu, Wan-Lu; Wilson, George D. F.; Jiang, Da-Yong; Sun, Yuan-Lin; Hao, Wei-Cheng; Sun, Zuo-Yu (September 2010). "A New Species of Protamphisopus Nicholls (Crustacea, Isopoda, Phreatoicidea) from Middle Triassic Luoping Fauna of Yunnan Province, China" (in en). Journal of Paleontology 84 (5): 1003–1013. doi:10.1666/10-042.1. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/new-species-of-protamphisopus-nicholls-crustacea-isopoda-phreatoicidea-from-middle-triassic-luoping-fauna-of-yunnan-province-china/70D2CD3E5887BCB5F3BF5631F109EBE0. 
  2. ↑ Feldmann, Rodney M.; Schweitzer, Carrie E.; Hu, Shixue; Zhang, Qiyue; Zhou, Changyoing; Xie, Tao; Huang, Jinyuan; Wen, Wen (May 2012). "Macrurous Decapoda from the Luoping Biota (Middle Triassic) of China" (in en). Journal of Paleontology 86 (3): 425–441. doi:10.1666/11-113.1. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/macrurous-decapoda-from-the-luoping-biota-middle-triassic-of-china/D48074A8C2420C707124F2B6550D26B2. 
  3. ↑ Feldmann, Rodney M.; Schweitzer, Carrie E.; Hu, Shixue; Huang, Jinyuan; Zhou, Changyong; Zhang, Qiyue; Wen, Wen; Xie, Tao et al. (November 2015). "Spatial distribution of Crustacea and associated organisms in the Luoping Biota (Anisian, Middle Triassic), Yunnan Province, China: evidence of periodic mass kills" (in en). Journal of Paleontology 89 (6): 1022–1037. doi:10.1017/jpa.2015.60. ISSN 0022-3360. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-paleontology/article/abs/spatial-distribution-of-crustacea-and-associated-organisms-in-the-luo**-biota-anisian-middle-triassic-yunnan-province-china-evidence-of-periodic-mass-kills/29B0014AFAB47DEB602033CA3EC68A82. 
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 Benton, Michael J.; Zhang, Qiyue; Hu, Shixue; Chen, Zhong-Qiang; Wen, Wen; Liu, Jun; Huang, Jinyuan; Zhou, Changyong et al. (2013-10-01). "Exceptional vertebrate biotas from the Triassic of China, and the expansion of marine ecosystems after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction" (in en). Earth-Science Reviews 125: 199–243. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2013.05.014. ISSN 0012-8252. Bibcode: 2013ESRv..125..199B. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825213001128. 
  5. ↑ Ma, Zhixin; Wu, Huaichun; Hu, Shixue; Fang, Qiang; Liu, Xiting; Zhou, Changyong; Wen, Wen; Zhang, Qiyue et al. (2023-09-26). "Temporal duration and preservation mechanism of the Middle Triassic Luoping biota from South China constrained by geochronology and cyclostratigraphy". Global and Planetary Change 229. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104254. ISSN 0921-8181. Bibcode: 2023GPC...22904254M. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921818123002278. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Schweitzer, Carrie E.; Feldmann, Rodney M.; Hu, Shixue; Huang, Jinyuan; Zhou, Changyong; Zhang, Qiyue; Wen, Wen; Xie, Tao (May 2014). "Penaeoid Decapoda (Dendrobranchiata) from the Luoping Biota (Middle Triassic) of China: Systematics and Taphonomic Framework". Journal of Paleontology. 88 (3): 457–474. Bibcode:2014JPal...88..457S. doi:10.1666/13-039. S2CID 128636280. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
  7. ↑ Marie-Béatrice Forel, Jinyuan Huang, Jianxin Yu, Junyu Wan, Qiyue Zhang, et al.. Middle Triassic ostracods from Yunnan, South China. Alcheringa, 2025, pp.1-16. ⟨10.1080/03115518.2025.2488055⟩. ⟨hal-05210996⟩
  8. ↑ W. L. Fu and G. D. F. Wilson. 2010. Taxonomic names, in A new species of Protamphisophus Nicholls (Crustacea, Isopoda, Phreatoicidea) from Middle Triassic Luoping fauna of Yunnan Province, China. Journal of Paleontology 84(5):1003-1013
  9. ↑ J. R. Thompson, S. X. Hu, Q. Y. Zhang, E. Petsios, L. J. Cotton, J. Y. Huang, C. Y. Zho, W. Wen, and D. J. Bottjer. 2018. A new stem group echinoid from the Triassic of China leads to a revised macroevolutionary history of echinoids during the end-Permian mass extinction. Royal Society Open Science 5:171548
  10. ↑ Xu, G.-H.; Ma, X.-Y. (2023). "A new basal ginglymodian fish (Holostei: Neopterygii) from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Luoping Biota, Yunnan, China". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad144. 
  11. ↑ Xu, Guang-Hui & Wu, Feixiang. (2012). A deep-bodied ginglymodian fish from the Middle Triassic of eastern Yunnan Province, China, and the phylogeny of lower neopterygians. Chinese Science Bulletin. 57. 10.1007/s11434-011-4719-1.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Guang-Hui Xu; Xin-Ying Ma; Fei-xiang Wu; Yi Ren (2019). "A Middle Triassic kyphosichthyiform from Yunnan, China, and phylogenetic reassessment of early ginglymodians". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 57 (3): 181–204. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.1000-3118.190319. 
  13. ↑ Tintori, Andrea; Sun, Zuo-Yu; Lombardo, Cristina; Jiang, Da-Yong; Sun, Yuan-Lin; Rusconi, Marco; Hao, Wei-cheng (2007). "NEW SPECIALIZED BASAL NEOPTERYGIANS (ACTINOPTERYGII) FROM TRIASSIC OF THE TETHYS REALM". Geol. Insubr. 10 (2) – via ResearchGate.
  14. ↑ Yuan, Z.; Xu, G.; Dai, X.; Wang, F.; Liu, X.; Jia, E.; Miao, L.; Song, H. (2022). "A new perleidid neopterygian fish from the Early Triassic (Dienerian, Induan) of South China, with a reassessment of the relationships of Perleidiformes". PeerJ. 10 e13448. doi:10.7717/peerj.13448. PMC 9121871. PMID 35602899.
  15. ↑ Xu, Guang-Hui; Shen, Chen-Chen; Zhao, Li-Jun (2014). "Pteronisculus nielseni sp. nov., a new stem-actinopteran fish from the Middle Triassic of Luoping, Yunnan Province, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 52: 364–380.
  16. ↑ Xu, Guang-Hui; Zhao, Li-Jun (February 2016). "A Middle Triassic stem-neopterygian fish from China shows remarkable secondary sexual characteristics" (in en). Science Bulletin 61 (4): 338–344. doi:10.1007/s11434-016-1007-0. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Jiang, Da-Yong; Schmitz, Lars; Hao, Wei-Cheng; Sun, Yuan-Lin (March 30, 2006). "A new mixosaurid ichthyosaur from the Middle Triassic of China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26 (1): 60–69. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[60:ANMIFT2.0.CO;2]. 
  18. ↑ Maisch, Michael W. (2010). "Phylogeny, systematics, and origin of the Ichthyosauria - the state of the art". Palaeodiversity 3: 141–214. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Jiang, Da-Yong; Lars, Schmitz; Motani, Ryosuke; Hao, Wie-Cheng; Sun, Yuan-Lin (2007). "The Mixosaurid Ichthyosaur Phalarodon cf. P. fraasi from the Middle Triassic of Guizhou Province, China". Journal of Paleontology 81 (3): 602–605. doi:10.1666/05092.1. Bibcode: 2007JPal...81..602J. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Liu, Jun; Motani, Ryosuke; Jiang, Da-Yong; Hu, Shi-Xue; Aitchison, Jonathan C.; Rieppel, Olivier; Benton, Michael J.; Zhang, Qi-Yue et al. (2013). "The first specimen of the Middle Triassic Phalarodon atavus (Ichthyosauria: Mixosauridae) from South China, showing postcranial anatomy and peri-Tethyan distribution". Palaeontology 56 (4): 849–866. doi:10.1111/pala.12021. Bibcode: 2013Palgy..56..849L. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pala.12021. 
  21. ↑ Jiang, Da-Yong; Motani, Ryosuke; Hao, Wei-Cheng; Schmitz, Lars; Rieppel, Olivier; Sun, Yuan-Lin; Sun, Zuo-Yu (2008). "New primitive ichthyosaurian (Reptilia, Diapsida) from the Middle Triassic of Panxian, Guizhou, southwestern China and its position in the Triassic biotic recovery". Progress in Natural Science 18 (10): 1315–1319. doi:10.1016/j.pnsc.2008.01.039. Bibcode: 2008PNSMI..18.1315J. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Xing, Lida; Klein, Hendrik; Lockley, Martin G.; Wu, Xiao-chun; Benton, Michael J.; Zeng, Rong; Romilio, Anthony (November 2020). "Footprints of marine reptiles from the Middle Triassic (Anisian-Ladinian) Guanling Formation of Guizhou Province, southwestern China: The earliest evidence of synchronous style of swimming" (in en). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 558. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109943. 
  23. ↑ Jiang, Dayong & Sun, Zuoyu & Sun, Yuan-lin & Hao, Wei-Cheng. (2006). A new species of Lariosaurus (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from the Middle Anisian (Middle Triassic) of southwestern China. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 242. 19-42. 10.1142/9789812774484_0003.
  24. ↑ Shang, Qinghua & Palasiatica, Vertebrata. (2006). A new species of Nothosaurus from the early Middle Triassic of Guizhou, China. Vertebrata Palasiatica. 44.
  25. ↑ Jun Liu; Shi-xue Hu; Olivier Rieppel; Da-yong Jiang; Michael J. Benton; Neil P. Kelley; Jonathan C. Aitchison; Chang-yong Zhou; Wen Wen; Jin-yuan Huang; Tao Xie; Tao Lv (2014). "A gigantic nothosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of SW China and its implication for the Triassic biotic recovery". Scientific Reports. 4 7142. doi:10.1038/srep07142. PMC 4245812. PMID 25429609.
  26. ↑ Xu, G.-H.; Shang, Q.-H.; Wang, W.; Ren, Y.; Lei, H.; Liao, J.-L.; Zhao, L.-J.; Li, C. (2023). "A new long-snouted marine reptile from the Middle Triassic of China illuminates pachypleurosauroid evolution". Scientific Reports 13 (1): 16. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24930-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 36604433. Bibcode: 2023NatSR..13...16X. 
  27. ↑ Lin, Wenbin & Jiang, Dayong & Rieppel, Olivier & Motani, Ryosuke & Tintori, Andrea & Sun, Zuoyu & Zhou, Min. (2021). Panzhousaurus Rotundirostris Jiang et al., 2019 (Diapsida: Sauropterygia) and the Recovery of the Monophyly of Pachypleurosauridae. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41. e1901730. 10.1080/02724634.2021.1901730.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Cheng, Long; Chen, Xiao-Hong; Shang, Qing-Hua; Wu, Xiao-Chun (2014). "A new marine reptile from the Triassic of China, with a highly specialized feeding adaptation". Naturwissenschaften 101 (3): 251–259. doi:10.1007/s00114-014-1148-4. PMID 24452285. Bibcode: 2014NW....101..251C. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00114-014-1148-4. 
  29. ↑ Chun, Li; Rieppel, Olivier; Long, Cheng; Fraser, Nicholas C. (2016). "The earliest herbivorous marine reptile and its remarkable jaw apparatus". Science Advances 2 (5). doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501659. PMID 27386529. Bibcode: 2016SciA....2E1659C. 
  30. ↑ Wolniewicz, Andrzej S.; Shen, Yuefeng; Li, Qiang; Sun, Yuanyuan; Qiao, Yu; Chen, Yajie; Hu, Yi-Wei; Liu, Jun (2023). "An armoured marine reptile from the Early Triassic of South China and its phylogenetic and evolutionary implications". eLife 12. doi:10.7554/eLife.83163. PMID 37551884. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Jiang, Da-Yong; Motani, Ryosuke; Hao, Wei-Cheng; Rieppel, Olivier; Sun, Yuan-Lin; Schmitz, Lars; Sun, Zu-Yu (2008). "First Record of Placodontoidea (Reptilia, Sauropterygia, Placodontia) from the Eastern Tethys". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28 (3): 904–908. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[904:FROPRS2.0.CO;2]. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Cheng, Long; Chen, Xiahong; Zeng, Xiongwei; Cai, Yongjian (2012). "A new eosauropterygian (Diapsida: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of Luoping, Yunnan Province". Journal of Earth Science 23 (1): 33–40. doi:10.1007/s12583-012-0231-z. Bibcode: 2012JEaSc..23...33C. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12583-012-0231-z. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Li, Chun; Jiang, Da-Yong; Cheng, Long; Wu, Xiao-Chun; Rieppel, Olivier (2014). "A new species of Largocephalosaurus (Diapsida: Saurosphargidae), with implications for the morphological diversity and phylogeny of the group". Geological Magazine 151 (1): 100–120. doi:10.1017/S001675681300023X. Bibcode: 2014GeoM..151..100L. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/geological-magazine/article/abs/new-species-of-largocephalosaurus-diapsida-saurosphargidae-with-implications-for-the-morphological-diversity-and-phylogeny-of-the-group/02DC9563ADF2E5C2E6EB11285E6D29EA. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Li, Chun; Rieppel, Olivier; Wu, Xiao-Chun; Zhao, Li-Jun; Wang, Li-Ting (2011). "A new Triassic marine reptile from southwestern China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (2): 303–312. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.550368. Bibcode: 2011JVPal..31..303L. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02724634.2011.550368. 
  35. ↑ Wang, W.; Lei, H.; Li, C. (2023). "A small-sized dinocephalosaurid archosauromorph from the Middle Triassic of Yunnan, southwestern China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 62 (1): 13. doi:10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.231013. http://www.vertpala.ac.cn/EN/10.19615/j.cnki.2096-9899.231013. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 Lu, Yu-Ting; Liu, Jun (2023-10-02). "A new tanystropheid (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha) from the Middle Triassic of SW China and the biogeographical origin of Tanystropheidae" (in en). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 21 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2250778. ISSN 1477-2019. Bibcode: 2023JSPal..2150778L. 
  37. ↑ Wang, W.; Spiekman, S. N. F.; Zhao, L.; Rieppel, O.; Scheyer, T. M.; Fraser, N. C.; Li, C. (2023). "A new long-necked archosauromorph from the Guanling Formation (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of southwestern China and its implications for neck evolution in tanystropheids". The Anatomical Record. doi:10.1002/ar.25216. PMID 37029530. 



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