Earth:Khok Kruat Formation

From HandWiki
Khok Kruat Formation
Stratigraphic range: Aptian
~120–113 Ma
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofKhorat Group
UnderliesMaha Sarakham Formation
OverliesPhu Phan Formation
Lithology
PrimarySandstone, siltstone
OtherConglomerate, shale
Location
Coordinates [ ⚑ ] : 15°54′N 102°00′E / 15.9°N 102.0°E / 15.9; 102.0
Paleocoordinates [ ⚑ ] 16°18′N 105°18′E / 16.3°N 105.3°E / 16.3; 105.3
RegionIndochina
CountryThailand
ExtentKhorat Plateau
Type section
Named byWard & Bunnag
Year defined1964
Khok Kruat Formation is located in Thailand
Khok Kruat Formation
Khok Kruat Formation (Thailand)

The Khok Kruat Formation (Thai: หมวดหินโคกกรวด) is a rock formation found in northeastern Thailand. It is the uppermost formation of the Khorat Group.[1] It is dated to the Aptian stage of the Early Cretaceous period, and is notable for its fossils of dinosaurs. It is equivalent to the Gres superieurs Formation of Laos.[2] The group is a fluvial formation consisting primarily of red siltstones and sandstones.[1]

Vertebrate paleofauna

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

The Khok Kruat Formation has yielded remains of sharks, fishes, turtles, crocodilians and pterosaurs. Phuwiangosaurus-like teeth, Siamosaurus teeth, and fragmentary postcranial remains of spinosaurids have also been recovered from it.[3] Fukuiraptor-like teeth have also been recovered from the formation.[4]

Reptiles

Dinosaurs

Ornithischians
Ornithischians reported from the Khok Kruat Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Iguanodontia Indeterminate Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[5] Teeth, vertebrae and limb bones
Psittacosaurus P. sattayaraki[6] Ban Dong Bang Noi, Chaiyaphum Province "Well preserved left dentary and an incomplete maxilla."[3] A ceratopsian
Ratchasimasaurus R. suranareae Nakhon Ratchasima province.[7] A complete left dentary with no teeth An iguanodontian ornithopod
Siamodon S. nimngami[8] Ban Saphan Hin PRC-4, a well-preserved left maxilla, PRC-5, an isolated maxillary tooth and PRC-6, a braincase.[8] An iguanodontian ornithopod
Sirindhorna S. khoratensis Muaeng Nakhon Ratchasima District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province.[9] An iguanodontian ornithopod
Sauropods
Sauropods reported from the Khok Kruat Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Macronaria Indeterminate Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[5] Femur of juvenile, isolated teeth
Nagatitan N. chaiyaphumensis[10] Ban Pha Nang Sua several vertebrae, parts of the pelvis, and parts of the forelimb and hindlimb. A euelopodid somphospondylian
Theropods
Theropods reported from the Khok Kruat Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
cf. Asianopodus cf. A. isp. "Huai Dam Chum site, Ban Lao Nat, Tha Uthen District, Nakhon Phanom Province".[11] "At least 79 trackways composed of 341 consecutive tracks in total".[11] Theropod tracks.
Ichnogen. et. sp. indet. "Huai Dam Chum site, Ban Lao Nat, Tha Uthen District, Nakhon Phanom Province".[11] "Two trackways: T23 composed of 6 consecutive tracks and T35 composed of 3 discontinuous tracks".[11] Flattened possible theropod tracks.
Ornithomimosauria[12] Indeterminate Ban Krok Duean Ha "NRRU-F01020052, distal part of the right metatarsal III" An ornithomimosaurian
Spinosauridae Indeterminate, some tentatively assigned to Siamosaurus[13] Teeth, postcranial materials (SM-KK 14) A spinosaurid
Siamraptor S. suwati Muaeng Nakhon Ratchasima District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province.[14] "A composite cranial and postcranial skeleton comprising premaxilla, maxilla, jugal, surangular, prearticular, articular, vertebrae, manual ungual, ischium, tibia, and pedal phalanx".[14] A carcharodontosaur

Pseudosuchians

Pseudosuchians reported from the Khok Kruat Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Atoposauridae indet. Indeterminate Lam Pao Reservoir, Ban Noi, Sahatsakhan district, Kalasin province.[15] An isolated lanceolate tooth (PRCMR 282).[15] May be attributable to Theriosuchus.[15]
Goniopholididae indet. Indeterminate Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[16] Complete left mandible (SM2021-1-112).
Khoratosuchus K. jintasakuli Ban Saphan Hin, Nakhon Ratchasima province.[17] A partial skull (NNRU-A 1803).[17] An advanced neosuchian.

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs reported from the Khok Kruat Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Ornithocheiridae Indeterminate Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[16] Isolated teeth

Turtles

Turtles reported from the Khok Kruat Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Kizylkumemys K. khoratensis Ban Saphan Hin and Ban Khok Kruat localities, Nakhon Ratchasima province.[18] Shell material.[18] A carettochelyid.
Shachemys S. sp. Ban Saphan Hin, Nakhon Ratchasima province.[18] Shell material.[18] An adocid, remains too fragmentary for specific assignment.

Fish

Bony fish

Bony fish reported from the Khok Kruat Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Ginglymodi Indeterminate Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[16] Scales Two types are known.
Khoratamia K. phattharajani Ban Krok Duean Ha, Nakhon Ratchasima province.[19] Holotype (NRRU-F01020023), paratype (NRRU-F01020024) and a patch of scales (NRRU-F01020025).[19] An amiid.
Lanxangichthys L. sp. Khok Pha Suam, Ubon Ratchathani province.[20] A lepisosteiform.

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish reported from the Khok Kruat Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Acrorhizodus A. khoratensis Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[5] 5 teeth, most of them incomplete.[5] A hybodontiform within indeterminate family.
Heteroptychodus H. aff. steinmanni Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[5] 20 teeth, most incomplete.[5] A hybodontiform within indeterminate family.
Hybodus? H.? sp. Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[5] 22 incomplete teeth.[5] Possibly represents a new genus, but the available material is too fragmentary to warrant erecting a new taxon.[5]
"Hybodus" "H." aequitridentatus Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[16] A thaiodontid hybodontiform.
Khoratodus K. foreyi Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[16] A thaiodontid hybodontiform.
Thaiodus T. ruchae Khok Pha Suam locality, Ubon Ratchathani province.[5] One incomplete tooth.[5] A thaiodontid hybodontiform.

See also

  • List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Eric Buffetaut (2009). Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Ecosystems in SE Asia. Geological Society of London. p. 146. ISBN 978-1-86239-275-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=6wMfMgSmckkC&pg=PA146. 
  2. ↑ Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, Asia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 563-570. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Eric Buffetaut; Varavudh Suteethorn; Jean Le Loeuff; Sasidhorn Khansubha; Haiyan Tong; Kamonlak Wongko (2005). "New dinosaur species from the Upper Triassic Upper Maleri and Lower Dharmaram formations of central India". International Conference on Geology, Geotechnology and Mineral Resources of Indochina (GEOINDO 2005): 575–581. 
  4. ↑ Chokchaloemwong, Duangsuda; Azuma, Yoichi; Shibata, Masateru; Jintasakul, Pratueng (2015). "The Carcharodontosaurid Teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation of Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand". 2nd International Symposium on Asian Dinosaurs 2015 Bangkok. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341040363. 
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 Cappetta, Henri; Buffetaut, Eric; Cuny, Gilles; Suteethorn, Varavudh (May 2006). "A New Elasmobranch Assemblage From The Lower Cretaceous of Thailand" (in en). Palaeontology 49 (3): 547–555. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00555.x. ISSN 0031-0239. Bibcode: 2006Palgy..49..547C. 
  6. ↑ Buffetaut, Eric & Suteethorn, Varavudh. (1992). A new species of the ornithischian dinosaur Psittacosaurus from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand. Palaeontology 35: 801-812.
  7. ↑ Shibata, Masateru; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Azuma, Yoichi (2011). "A New Iguanodontian Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation, Nakhon Ratchasima in Northeastern Thailand" (in en). Acta Geologica Sinica 85 (5): 969–976. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00230.x. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Buffetaut, Eric; Suteethorn, Varavudh (2011). "A new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) of northeastern Thailand". Annales de Paléontologie 97 (1–2): 51–62. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2011.08.001. Bibcode: 2011AnPal..97...51B. 
  9. ↑ Shibata, Masateru; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Azuma, Yoichi; You, Hai-Lu (2015-12-30). "A New Basal Hadrosauroid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Northeastern Thailand". PLOS ONE 10 (12). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145904. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 26716981. Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..1045904S. 
  10. ↑ Sethapanichsakul, Thitiwoot; Khansubha, Sasa-On; Manitkoon, Sita; Hanta, Rattanaphorn; Mannion, Philip D.; Upchurch, Paul (2026-05-14). "The first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation of Thailand enriches the diversity of somphospondylan titanosauriforms in southeast Asia" (in en). Scientific Reports 16 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-026-47482-x. ISSN 2045-2322. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Kozu, Shohei; Sardsud, Apsorn; Saesaengseerung, Doungrutai; Pothichaiya, Cherdchan; Agematsu, Sachiko; Sashida, Katsuo (2017-11-01). "Dinosaur footprint assemblage from the Lower Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation, Khorat Group, northeastern Thailand" (in en). Geoscience Frontiers 8 (6): 1479–1493. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2017.02.003. ISSN 1674-9871. Bibcode: 2017GeoFr...8.1479K. https://tsukuba.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/43785/files/GF_8-1479.pdf. 
  12. ↑ Chokchaloemwong, D.; Hattori, S.; Yukawa, H.; Shibata, M.; Naksri, W. (2024). "A new ornithomimosaurian material from the Khok Kruat Formation, Lower Cretaceous of Thailand". Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum 23: 1–7. https://www.dinosaur.pref.fukui.jp/archive/memoir/memoir023-001.pdf. 
  13. ↑ Milner, Angela; Buffetaut, Eric; Suteethorn, Varavudh (2007). "A tall-spined spinosaurid theropod from Thailand and the biogeography of spinosaurs". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (supplement 3): 118A. http://vertpaleo.org/Annual-Meeting/Future-Past-Meetings/MeetingPdfs/JVP_07.aspx. Retrieved 2020-06-08. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Chokchaloemwong, Duangsuda; Hattori, Soki; Cuesta, Elena; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Shibata, Masateru; Azuma, Yoichi (2019-10-09). "A new carcharodontosaurian theropod (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand" (in en). PLOS ONE 14 (10). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222489. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 31596853. Bibcode: 2019PLoSO..1422489C. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Lauprasert, Komsorn; Laojumpon, Chalida; Saenphala, Wanitchaphat; Cuny, Gilles; Thirakhupt, Kumthorn; Suteethorn, Varavudh (2010-06-12). "Atoposaurid crocodyliforms from the Khorat Group of Thailand: first record of Theriosuchus from Southeast Asia". Paläontologische Zeitschrift 85 (1): 37–47. doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0071-z. ISSN 0031-0220. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215486888. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Manitkoon, Sita; Deesri, Uthumporn; Lauprasert, Komsorn; Warapeang, Prapasiri; Nonsrirach, Thanit; Nilpanapan, Apirut; Wongko, Kamonlak; Chanthasit, Phornphen (2022-03-23). "Fossil assemblage from the Khok Pha Suam locality of northeastern, Thailand: an overview of vertebrate diversity from the Early Cretaceous Khok Kruat Formation (Aptian-Albian)" (in en). Fossil Record 25 (1): 83–98. doi:10.3897/fr.25.83081. ISSN 2193-0074. Bibcode: 2022FossR..25...83M. https://fr.pensoft.net/article/83081/. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lauprasert, K.; Cuny, G.; Thirakhupt, K.; Suteethorn, V. (May 2009). "Khoratosuchus jintasakuli gen. et sp. nov., an advanced neosuchian crocodyliform from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of NE Thailand". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 315 (1): 175–187. doi:10.1144/sp315.13. ISSN 0305-8719. Bibcode: 2009GSLSP.315..175L. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215486865. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Tong, Haiyan; Claude, Julien; Suteethorn, Varavudh; Naksri, Wilailuck; Buffetaut, Eric (May 2009). "Turtle assemblages of the Khorat Group (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) of NE Thailand and their palaeobiogeographical significance". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 315 (1): 141–152. doi:10.1144/sp315.11. ISSN 0305-8719. Bibcode: 2009GSLSP.315..141T. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240675681. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Deesri, Uthumporn; Naksri, Wilailuck; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Noda, Yoshikazu; Yukawa, Hirokazu; Hossny, Tamara El; Cavin, Lionel (April 2023). "A New Sinamiin Fish (Actinopterygii) from the Early Cretaceous of Thailand: Implications on the Evolutionary History of the Amiid Lineage" (in en). Diversity 15 (4): 491. doi:10.3390/d15040491. ISSN 1424-2818. Bibcode: 2023Diver..15..491D. 
  20. ↑ Cavin, Lionel; Deesri, Uthumporn; Veran, Monette; Khentavong, Bounsou; Jintasakul, Pratueng; Chanthasit, Phornphen; Allain, Ronan (2019-03-04). "A new Lepisosteiformes (Actinopterygii: Ginglymodi) from the Early Cretaceous of Laos and Thailand, SE Asia". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (5): 393–407. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1426060. ISSN 1477-2019. Bibcode: 2019JSPal..17..393C. https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_new_Lepisosteiformes_Actinopterygii_Ginglymodi_from_the_Early_Cretaceous_of_Laos_and_Thailand_SE_Asia/5872695/1/files/10438053.pdf. 



Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Earth:Khok_Kruat_Formation&oldid=4419352"