Engineering:GOES-19

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GOES-19
Artistic rendering of GOES-U once deployed
NamesGeostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-U
Mission typeEarth weather forecasting
OperatorNOAA / NASA
Mission duration15 years (planned)
650 days, 21 hours, 48 minutes (in progress)
Spacecraft properties
BusA2100
ManufacturerLockheed Martin
Launch mass5,000 kg (11,023 lb)
Dry mass2,925 kg (6,449 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date25 June 2024, 21:26 (2024-06-25UTC21:26Z) UTC[2] (5:26 pm EDT)
RocketFalcon Heavy
Launch siteKennedy Space Center, LC-39A
ContractorSpaceX
Entered service7 April 2025[1]
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric orbit
RegimeGeostationary orbit
Longitude75.2° west (planned)[3]
Semi-major axis41,845 km (26,001 mi)[4]
Eccentricity0.0045031[4]
Perigee altitude35,286.4 km (21,926.0 mi)[4]
Apogee altitude35,663.3 km (22,160.1 mi)[4]
Inclination0.1204°[2]
Period24 hours[4]
EpochJuly 12, 2024

GOES-U mission insignia
← GOES-18
 

GOES-19 (designated GOES-U prior to reaching geostationary orbit) is a weather satellite, the fourth and last of the GOES-R series of satellites operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The GOES-R series will extend the availability of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) system until 2036. The satellite is built by Lockheed Martin, based on the A2100 platform.[5][6] The satellite was placed into service as the GOES-East position and GOES-16 was stored as backup on April 7, 2025.[7]

Launch

Launch of GOES-19

The satellite was successfully launched into space atop a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket on 25 June 2024 at 21:26 UTC (5:26 pm EDT local time at the launch site),[2] from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, United States. The redesign of the loop heat pipe to prevent an anomaly, as seen in GOES-17, was not expected to delay the launch as with GOES-T.[8] GOES-19 has a dry mass of 2,925 kg (6,449 lb) and a fueled mass of 5,000 kg (11,023 lb).[9]

GOES-19 also carries a copy of the Naval Research Laboratory's Compact CORonagraph (CCOR) instrument designated as CCOR-1 which, along with the CCOR carried onboard Space weather Observations at L1 to Advance Readiness - 1 (SOLAR-1), will allow continued monitoring of solar wind after the retirement of the NASA-ESA SOHO satellite in 2025.[10][11] CCOR-1 on GOES-19 provides a field of view of 3.7 to 18.7 solar radii, partially comparable to LASCO C3's field of view onboard SOHO, with a 33 arcsecond spatial resolution.[12]

Comet discoveries through CCOR-1

The CCOR instrument carried aboard GOES-19 has allowed for the discovery of several sungrazer comets by researchers analyzing CCOR imagery. As of 28 May 2025, GOES-19's CCOR-1 has found 47 comets.[13]

The faint comet 3I/ATLAS was observable from 18–24 October 2025 with GOES-19 as the satellite can see objects down to magnitude 12.[14]

References

  1. ↑ "OSPO Administrative Message declaring GOES 19 Operational". 7 April 2025. https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/data/messages/2025/04/MSG_20250407_1510.html. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Garofalo, Meredith (June 25, 2024). "Powerful GOES-U weather satellite launches to orbit atop SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket". https://www.space.com/spacex-falcon-heavy-goes-u-weather-satellite-launch. 
  3. ↑ "NOAA's GOES-U Reaches Geostationary Orbit, Now Designated GOES-19". NOAA. July 8, 2024. https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/news/noaas-goes-u-reaches-geostationary-orbit-now-designated-goes-19.  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "GOES-19 (GOES-U)". https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=60133. 
  5. ↑ "GOES-R, S, T, U Spacecraft Overview". Spaceflight101. https://spaceflight101.com/goes-r/goes-r-spacecraft/. 
  6. ↑ Andrews, Hillary (2024-03-27). "GOES-U weather satellite to launch June 25 after leak causes delay" (in en-US). https://www.foxweather.com/earth-space/final-goes-r-series-satellite-launch-june-25. 
  7. ↑ "NOAA’s GOES-19 satellite now operational, providing critical new data to forecasters". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/noaas-goes-19-satellite-now-operational-providing-critical-new-data-to-forecasters. 
  8. ↑ Werner, Debra (2019-01-09). "Lockheed Martin halts work on GOES-T to wait for instrument fix". https://spacenews.com/lockheed-martin-goes-t-u/. 
  9. ↑ "GOES-R Series Spacecraft Overview". GOES-R Series. https://www.goes-r.gov/spacesegment/spacecraft.html. 
  10. ↑ Vargas, Marco (7 January 2019). "The NOAA Space Weather Follow-On Program to Ensure Continuity of CME Imagery and Solar Wind Space-Based Observations". American Meteorilogical Society 99th Annual Meeting (AMS). https://ams.confex.com/ams/2019Annual/webprogram/Paper355013.html. Retrieved 24 March 2020. 
  11. ↑ "Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1". NOAA. https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/OPPA/swfo.php.  Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  12. ↑ "SWFO Instruments" (in en). NOAA. https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/our-satellites/future-programs/swfo/swfo-instruments. 
  13. ↑ "April and May 2025 Confirmations". https://sungrazer.nrl.navy.mil/confs-AprMay2025. 
  14. ↑ Worachate Boonplod on Comets-ML

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