Engineering:Guowang

From HandWiki

Guowang (Chinese: 国网; pinyin: Guówǎng; literally: 'national network'),[1] officially Satellite Internet Series Satellites (Chinese: 卫星互联网系列卫星; pinyin: Wèixīng hùliánwǎng xìliè wèixīng)[2] is a Chinese low-Earth orbit satellite internet megaconstellation to create a system of worldwide internet coverage. It was created by China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC), a state-owned enterprise backed by the Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST). The project was started in 2022 as a rival to the Starlink satellite constellation installed by SpaceX, and plans to be constituted of over 13,000 satellites by the project's end.

Around 6,000 of the planned satellites are expected to orbit between 500 and 600 km, comparable to Starlink, and around 7,000 in a higher orbit at around 1,145 km.[3] All satellites launched so far have been placed either in the higher orbits of the second group at around 1.145 km, or in an orbit around 900 km.

As of October 2025, the program has launched 18 experimental series (术试验系列; jìshù shìyàn) satellites,[4] 3 high Earth orbit satellites (高轨; gāoguǐ) and 127 low Earth orbit (低轨; dīguǐ) satellites.[5] The megaconstellation is managed by China SatNet and is believed to have both civilian and military applications.[6]

Satellites launch statistics

Operational LEO satellites launched

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List of launches

Operational LEO satellites

Name & group of satellites Number of satellites Launch (UTC) Orbit Mean altitude Inclination Launch site Launcher Status
Hulianwang 1–10 (SatNet LEO Group 01)[7] 10 16 December 2024
10:00
Polar 1,175 km 86.5° [8] WSLS LC-1 Long March 5B / YZ-2
Y6
Success
Hulianwang 11–19 (SatNet LEO Group 02)[9] 9 11 February 2025

09:30

LEO 1,156 km 50.0° [10] WSLS LC-2 Long March 8A
Y1
Success
Hulianwang 20–29 (SatNet LEO Group 03)[11] 10 28 April 2025
20:10
Polar 1,175 km 86.5° [12] WSLS LC-1 Long March 5B / YZ-2
Y7
Success
Hulianwang 30–34 (SatNet LEO Group 04)[13] 5 6 June 2025
20:45
Polar 1,175 km 86.5° [14] Taiyuan LA-9A Long March 6A
Y8
Success
Hulianwang 35–39 (SatNet LEO Group 05)[15] 5 27 July 2025
10:04
Polar 1,175 km 86.5° [16] Taiyuan LA-9A Long March 6A
Y14
Success
Hulianwang 40–48 (SatNet LEO Group 06)[17][18] 9 30 July 2025
07:49
LEO 1,156 km 50.0° [19] WCSLS LC-1 Long March 8A
Y3
Success
Hulianwang 49–57 (SatNet LEO Group 07)[20] 9 4 August 2025
10:21
LEO 1,156 km 50.0° [21] WCSLS LC-2 Long March 12
Y2
Success
Hulianwang 58–67 (SatNet LEO Group 08)[22] 10 13 August 2025
06:00
Polar 1,175 km 86.5° [23] WSLS LC-1 Long March 5B / YZ-2
Y8
Success
Hulianwang 68–72 (SatNet LEO Group 09)[24] 5 17 August 2025
14:15
Polar 1,175 km 86.5° [25] Taiyuan LA-9A Long March 6A
Y10
Success
Hulianwang 73–81 (SatNet LEO Group 10)[26] 9 25 August 2025
19:08
LEO 1,156 km 50.0° WCSLS LC-1 Long March 8A
Y2
Success
Hulianwang 82–86 (SatNet LEO Group 11)[27] 5 27 September 2025
Polar 1,175 km 86.5° Taiyuan LA-9A Long March 6A
Y16
Success
Hulianwang 87–95 (SatNet LEO Group 12)[28] 9 16 October 2025
01:30
LEO 1,124 km 50.0° WCSLS LC-1 Long March 8A Y4 Success
Hulianwang 96–104 (SatNet LEO Group 13) 9 10 November 2025
02:41
LEO 833 km 50.0° WCSLS LC-2 Long March 12 Y3 Success
Hulianwang 105–113 (SatNet LEO Group 14) 9 6 December 2025
07:53
LEO 882 km 50.0° WCSLS LC-1 Long March 8A Y5 Success
Hulianwang 114–118 (SatNet LEO Group 15) 5 8 December 2025
10:11
Polar 1,010 km 86.5° [29] TSLC LC-9A Long March 6A Success
Hulianwang 119–127 (SatNet LEO Group 16) 9 11 December 2025
23:00
LEO WCSLS LC-2 Long March 12 Y4 Success
Hulianwang 128–136 (SatNet LEO Group 17) 9 25 December 2025
23:26
LEO WCSLS LC-1 Long March 8A Y6 Success
Hulianwang 137–145 (SatNet LEO Group 17) 9 13 January 2026
15:25
LEO WCSLS LC-1 Long March 8A Y7 Success
Hulianwang 146–154 (SatNet LEO Group 19) 9 19 January 2026
07:48
LEO WCSLS LC-2 Long March 12 Y4 Success
Name Number of Satellites Launch (UTC) Orbit Mean altitude Inclination Launch site Launcher Status
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 1A, B[30] 2 9 July 2023
11:00
LEO JSLC SLS-2 Long March 2C / YZ-1S
Y52
Success
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 2A, B, C[31] 3 23 November 2023
10:00
LEO XSLC LC-3 Long March 2D / YZ-3
Y59
Success
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 3A[32] 1 5 December 2023
19:24
LEO Bo Run Jiu Zhou platform, Yellow Sea Jielong 3
Y2
Success
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 4A, B, C[33] 3 30 December 2023
00:13
LEO JSLC SLS-2 Long March 2C / YZ-1S
Y73
Success
Hulianwang Gaogui 01[34] 1 29 February 2024
13:03
GEO XSLC LC-2 Long March 3B/E
Y95
Success
Hulianwang Gaogui 02[35] 1 1 August 2024
13:14
GEO XSLC LC-2 Long March 3B/E
Y97
Success
Hulianwang Gaogui 03[36] 1 10 October 2024
13:50
GEO XSLC LC-2 Long March 3B/E
Y100
Success
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 5A[37] 1 30 November 2024
14:25
LEO WCSLS LC-2 Long March 12
Y1
Success
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 6A, B, C, D[38] 4 1 April 2025
04:00
LEO JSLC SLS-2 Long March 2D
Y78
Success
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan × 4 [39][note 1] 4 15 August 2025
01:17
LEO JSLC LS-96 Zhuque-2E
Y3
Launch Failure
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 7A, B, C, D [40] 4 16 September 2025
01:00
LEO JSLC SLS-2 Long March 2C/YZ-1S
Y87
Success

See also

Notes

  1. The payload of the failed launch is not known, one of the 2 leading theories is that it was 4 Hulianwang experimental satellites

References

  1. https://spacenews.com/china-is-developing-plans-for-a-13000-satellite-communications-megaconstellation
  2. Baptista, Eduardo (August 6, 2024). "China will launch first satellites of constellation to rival Starlink, newspaper reports". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/technology/space/china-launches-first-satellites-constellation-rival-starlink-newspaper-reports-2024-08-05/. 
  3. "The Space Review: Developing and testing China's Guowang constellation". https://www.thespacereview.com/article/5004/1. 
  4. "Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan (WHJSW)". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hjs.htm. 
  5. "HG 01". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hg-01.htm. 
  6. Clark, Stephen (2025-08-20). "China's Guowang megaconstellation is more than another version of Starlink" (in en). https://arstechnica.com/space/2025/08/china-may-have-taken-an-early-lead-in-the-race-for-a-military-megaconstellation/. 
  7. "Long March 5B/YZ-2 – SatNet LEO Group 01". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7725. 
  8. "location of satellite 1". Next Spaceflight. https://in-the-sky.org/spacecraft.php?id=62323. 
  9. "Long March 8A – SatNet LEO Group 02 (Demo Flight)". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7518. 
  10. "location of satellite 11". Next Spaceflight. https://in-the-sky.org/spacecraft.php?id=62971. 
  11. "Long March 5B/YZ-2 – SatNet LEO Group 03". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7841. 
  12. "location of satellite 20". Next Spaceflight. https://in-the-sky.org/spacecraft.php?id=63687. 
  13. "Long March 6A – SatNet LEO Group 04". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7872. 
  14. "location of satellite 30". Next Spaceflight. https://in-the-sky.org/spacecraft.php?id=64283. 
  15. "Long March 6A – SatNet LEO Group 05". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7908. 
  16. "location of satellite 35". Next Spaceflight. https://in-the-sky.org/spacecraft.php?id=64956. 
  17. "Long March 8A – SatNet LEO Group TBD". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7835. 
  18. "Long March 8A | SatNet LEO Group 06". https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7835. 
  19. "location of satellite 43". Next Spaceflight. https://in-the-sky.org/spacecraft.php?id=65046. 
  20. "Long March 12 – SatNet LEO Group TBD". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7844. 
  21. "location of satellite 49". Next Spaceflight. https://in-the-sky.org/spacecraft.php?id=65106. 
  22. "Long March 5B/YZ-2 – SatNet LEO Group 08". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7918. 
  23. "location of satellite 58". Next Spaceflight. https://in-the-sky.org/spacecraft.php?id=65164. 
  24. "Long March 6A – SatNet LEO Group 09". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7908. 
  25. "location of satellite 69". Next Spaceflight. https://in-the-sky.org/spacecraft.php?id=65229. 
  26. "Long March 8A – SatNet LEO Group 10". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7925. 
  27. "Long March 6A – SatNet LEO Group TBD". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7908. 
  28. "Long March 8A – SatNet LEO Group TBD". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7983/. 
  29. "location of all operational LEO satellites". Next Spaceflight. https://in-the-sky.org/search.php?searchtype=Spacecraft&s=HULIANWANG+DIGUI. 
  30. "Long March 2C/YZ-1S – 2 x SatNet test satellites". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7208. 
  31. "Long March 2D/YZ-3 – 3 x SatNet test satellites". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7364. 
  32. "Jielong 3 – SatNet test satellites". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7372. 
  33. "Long March 2C/YZ-1S – 3 x SatNet test satellites". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7466. 
  34. "Long March 3B/E – WHG-01". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7503. 
  35. "Long March 3B/E – WHG-02". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7604. 
  36. "Long March 3B/E – WHG-03". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7649. 
  37. "Long March 12 – Demo Flight". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7576. 
  38. "Long March 2D – 4 x SatNet test satellites". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7813. 
  39. "Zhuque-2E – Unknown Payload". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7919. 
  40. "Long March 2C/YZ-1S – Unknown Payload". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7946. 

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