Engineering:Guowang

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Guowang (Chinese: 国网; pinyin: Guówǎng; literally: 'national network')[1], officially Satellite Internet Series Satellites (Chinese: 卫星互联网系列卫星; pinyin: Wèixīng hùliánwǎng xìliè wèixīng)[2] is a Chinese low-Earth orbit satellite internet megaconstellation to create a system of worldwide internet coverage. It was created by China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC), a state-owned enterprise backed by the Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST). The project was started in 2022 as a rival to the Starlink satellite constellation installed by SpaceX, and plans to be constituted of over 13,000 satellites by the project's end.

Around 6,000 of the planned satellites are expected to orbit between 500 and 600 km, comparable to Starlink, and around 7,000 in a higher orbit at around 1,145 km.[3] All satelites launched so far have been placed either in the higher orbits of the second group at around 1.145 km, or in an orbit around 900 km.

As of October 2025, the program has launched 18 experimental series (术试验系列; jìshù shìyàn) satellites[4] and 89 operational satellites[5][6], divided into high Earth orbit (高轨; gāoguǐ) and low Earth orbit (低轨; dīguǐ) series.[7] The megaconstellation is managed by China SatNet and is believed to have both civilian and military applications.[8]

Satellites launched

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List of launches

Operational satellites

Name & group of satellites Number of satelites Launch (UTC) Orbit Orbital apsis Inclination SCN COSPAR ID Launch site Launcher Status
Hulianwang 1 - 10 (SatNet LEO Group 01)[9] 10 16 December 2024
10:00 		Polar 1,167km perigee; 1,169km apogee 86.5° 62323 to 62332 2024-240A to 2024-240H; 2024-240J; 2024-240K [10] WSLS LC-1 Long March 5B / YZ-2
Y6 		Operational
Hulianwang 11 - 19 (SatNet LEO Group 02)[11] 9 11 February 2025

09:30

LEO 1,149km perigee; 1,150km apogee 50.0° WSLS LC-2 Long March 8A
Y1 		Operational
Hulianwang 20 - 29 (SatNet LEO Group 03)[12] 10 28 April 2025
20:10 		Polar 1,166km perigee; 1,169km apogee 86.5° WSLS LC-1 Long March 5B / YZ-2
Y7 		Operational
Hulianwang 30 - 34 (SatNet LEO Group 04)[13] 5 6 June 2025
20:45 		Polar 86.5° Taiyuan LA-9A Long March 6A
Y8 		Operational
Hulianwang 35 - 39 (SatNet LEO Group 05)[14] 5 27 July 2025
10:04 		Polar 86.5° Taiyuan LA-9A Long March 6A
Y14 		Operational
Hulianwang 40 - 48 (SatNet LEO Group 06)[15][16] 9 30 July 2025
07:49 		LEO 50.0° WCSLS LC-1 Long March 8A
Y3 		Operational
Hulianwang 49 - 57 (SatNet LEO Group 07)[17] 9 4 August 2025
10:21 		LEO 50.0° WCSLS LC-2 Long March 12
Y2 		Operational
Hulianwang 58 - 67 (SatNet LEO Group 08)[18] 10 13 August 2025
06:00 		Polar WSLS LC-1 Long March 5B / YZ-2
Y8 		Success
Hulianwang 68 - 72 (SatNet LEO Group 09)[19] 5 17 August 2025
14:15 		Polar Taiyuan LA-9A Long March 6A
Y10 		Success
Hulianwang 73 - 81 (SatNet LEO Group 10)[20] 9 25 August 2025
19:08 		LEO WCSLS LC-1 Long March 8A
Y2 		Success
Hulianwang 82 - 86 (SatNet LEO Group 11)[21] 5 27 September 2025
 Polar Taiyuan LA-9A Long March 6A
Y16 		Success
Hulianwang 87 - 95 (SatNet LEO Group TBD)[22] 9 16 October 2025 01:30 WCSLS LC-1 Long March 8A Y4 Success
Name Number of Satellites Launch (UTC) Orbit Orbital apsis Inclination SCN COSPAR ID Launch site Launcher Status
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 1A, B[23] 2 9 July 2023
11:00 		LEO JSLC SLS-2 Long March 2C / YZ-1S
Y52 		Operational
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 2A, B, C[24] 3 23 November 2023
10:00 		LEO XSLC LC-3 Long March 2D / YZ-3
Y59 		Operational
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 3A[25] 1 5 December 2023
19:24 		LEO Bo Run Jiu Zhou platform, Yellow Sea Jielong 3
Y2 		Operational
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 4A, B, C[26] 3 30 December 2023
00:13 		LE0 JSLC SLS-2 Long March 2C / YZ-1S
Y73 		Operational
Hulianwang Gaogui 01[27] 1 29 February 2024
13:03 		GEO XSLC LC-2 Long March 3B/E
Y95 		Operational
Hulianwang Gaogui 02[28] 1 01 August 2024
13:14 		GEO XSLC LC-2 Long March 3B/E
Y97 		Operational
Hulianwang Gaogui 03[29] 1 10 October 2024
13:50 		GEO XSLC LC-2 Long March 3B/E
Y100 		Operational
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 5A[30] 1 30 November 2024
14:25 		LEO WCSLS LC-2 Long March 12
Y1 		Operational
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 6A, B, C, D[31] 4 1 April 2025
04:00 		LEO JSLC SLS-2 Long March 2D
Y78 		Operational
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan [32] 4 15 August 2025
01:17 		LEO JSLC LS-96 Zhuque-2E
Y3 		Launch Failure
Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 7A, B, C, D [33] 4 16 September 2025
01:00 		LEO JSLC SLS-2 Long March 2C/YZ-1S
Y87 		Operational

See also

References

  1. ↑ https://spacenews.com/china-is-developing-plans-for-a-13000-satellite-communications-megaconstellation
  2. ↑ Baptista, Eduardo (August 6, 2024). "China will launch first satellites of constellation to rival Starlink, newspaper reports". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/technology/space/china-launches-first-satellites-constellation-rival-starlink-newspaper-reports-2024-08-05/. 
  3. ↑ "The Space Review: Developing and testing China's Guowang constellation". https://www.thespacereview.com/article/5004/1. 
  4. ↑ "Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan (WHJSW)". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hjs.htm. 
  5. ↑ "HWD (Huliangwang Weixing Digui) (Type 1)". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hwd-01.htm. 
  6. ↑ "HWD (Huliangwang Weixing Digui) (Type 2)". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hwd-02.htm. 
  7. ↑ "HG 01". Gunter's Space Page. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hg-01.htm. 
  8. ↑ Clark, Stephen (2025-08-20). "China's Guowang megaconstellation is more than another version of Starlink" (in en). https://arstechnica.com/space/2025/08/china-may-have-taken-an-early-lead-in-the-race-for-a-military-megaconstellation/. 
  9. ↑ "Long March 5B/YZ-2 - SatNet LEO Group 01". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7725. 
  10. ↑ "CelesTrak: Hulianwang Digui". https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/table.php?GROUP=hulianwang&FORMAT=tle. 
  11. ↑ "Long March 8A - SatNet LEO Group 02 (Demo Flight)". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7518. 
  12. ↑ "Long March 5B/YZ-2 - SatNet LEO Group 03". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7841. 
  13. ↑ "Long March 6A - SatNet LEO Group 04". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7872. 
  14. ↑ "Long March 6A - SatNet LEO Group 05". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7908. 
  15. ↑ "Long March 8A - SatNet LEO Group TBD". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7835. 
  16. ↑ "Long March 8A | SatNet LEO Group 06". https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7835. 
  17. ↑ "Long March 12 - SatNet LEO Group TBD". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7844. 
  18. ↑ "Long March 5B/YZ-2 - SatNet LEO Group 08". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7918. 
  19. ↑ "Long March 6A - SatNet LEO Group 09". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7908. 
  20. ↑ "Long March 8A - SatNet LEO Group 10". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7925. 
  21. ↑ "Long March 6A - SatNet LEO Group TBD". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7908. 
  22. ↑ "Long March 8A - SatNet LEO Group TBD". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7983/. 
  23. ↑ "Long March 2C/YZ-1S - 2 x SatNet test satellites". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7208. 
  24. ↑ "Long March 2D/YZ-3 - 3 x SatNet test satellites". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7364. 
  25. ↑ "Jielong 3 - SatNet test satellites". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7372. 
  26. ↑ "Long March 2C/YZ-1S - 3 x SatNet test satellites". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7466. 
  27. ↑ "Long March 3B/E - WHG-01". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7503. 
  28. ↑ "Long March 3B/E - WHG-02". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7604. 
  29. ↑ "Long March 3B/E - WHG-03". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7649. 
  30. ↑ "Long March 12 - Demo Flight". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7576. 
  31. ↑ "Long March 2D - 4 x SatNet test satellites". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7813. 
  32. ↑ "Zhuque-2E - Unknown Payload". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7919. 
  33. ↑ "Long March 2C/YZ-1S - Unknown Payload". Next Spaceflight. https://nextspaceflight.com/launches/details/7946. 

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