Engineering:List of triplanes

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Fokker Dr.I triplane replica

This is a list of aircraft types having triplane wings.

! Type ! Country ! Date ! Role ! Status ! Notes |- |Albatros Dr.I || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Based on the Albatros D.V biplane. |- |Albatros Dr.II || Germany || 1918 || Fighter || Prototype || Based on the Albatros D.X biplane. |- |American Flea || USA || data-sort-value="1939.5"|c. 1939 || Private || Homebuilt || Triplane variant of the Mignet Pou du Ciel. Lower wing plane is all-moving ailerons. |- |Armstrong Whitworth F.K.5 || United Kingdom || 1915 || Fighter || Prototype || Never flown. Middle wing longer span than the others. |- |Armstrong Whitworth F.K.6 || United Kingdom || 1916 || Fighter || Prototype || Middle wing longer span than the others. |- |Astoux-Vedrines || France || data-sort-value="1916.5"|c. 1916 || Experimental || Prototype || Wing incidence could be varied in flight. [1] |- |Austin Osprey || United Kingdom || 1918 || Fighter || Prototype || |- |Aviatik 30.24 || Austria-Hungary || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Based on the Aviatik (Berg) D.I biplane. |- |Avro 547 || United Kingdom || 1920 || Transport || Prototype || 2 built. Based on the Avro 504, with a third wing added. |- | Battaille Triplane || Belgium || 1911 || || Prototype || Designed by César Battaille (nl). Several short flights or hops. |- |Bell Oionus I || Canada || 1910 || Experimental || Prototype || Failed to fly. Triplane variant of Bell's octahedral wing. |- |Berliner Helicopter No.5 || USA || 1923 || Experimental || Prototype || In 1923, the Helicopter incorporated triplane wings to allow for gliding in case of an engine failure. |- |Besson H-3 || France || 1921 || Private || ||[2] or Besson MB.12[3] |- |Besson H-5 || France || 1922 || Transport flying boat || Prototype || |- |Besson H-6 || France || 1921 || Patrol || || Mailplane. Lower wing the largest and top wing the smallest. |- |Besson LB || France || 1919 || Patrol || || Flying boat |- |Besson HB.2 || France || || || || |- |Besson MB-10 || France || || || || |- |Besson MB-11 || France || || || || |- |Besson Hydravion école || France || 1919 || || || Flying boat, exhibited at the 1919 Paris Aero Show. |- ||Blackburn Triplane || United Kingdom || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Pusher propeller and boom-mounted empennage to allow an upwards-firing 2-pounder recoilless gun. |- |Boeing GA-1 || USA || 1920 || Attack || Production || Heavily armoured twin. 10 ordered, not operational. |- |Boeing GA-2 || USA || 1921 || Attack || Prototype || Reworked GA-1. 2 or 3 built. |- | Bousson-Borgnis triplane || France || 1908 || || Bomber || Canard. Failed to fly. |- ||Bristol Braemar || United Kingdom || 1918 || Bomber || Prototype || Mk II flown in 1919. |- ||Bristol Pullman || United Kingdom || 1920 || Transport || Prototype || The Bristol Pullman 14-seat transport variant flew in 1920. |- ||Bristol Tramp || United Kingdom || 1921 || Transport || Prototype || 2 built, never flown. |- | Caproni Ca.4 || Italy || 1914 || Bomber || Production || Military designation of a line of bombers which would also see airliner variants. Types include the Ca.40,41,42,43,48,51,52,58,59. |- |Caproni Ca.40 || Italy || 1914 || Bomber || Prototype || 3 built. |- |Caproni Ca.41 || Italy || 1918 || Bomber || Production || Re-engined Ca.40. |- |Caproni Ca.42 || Italy || 1918 || Bomber || Production || Re-engined Ca.41. |- |Caproni Ca.43 || Italy || 1918 || Bomber || Prototype || Floatplane variant of the Ca.4. |- |Caproni Ca.48 || Italy || 1919 || Transport || || Converted from surplus Ca.42. |- ||Caproni Ca.49 || Italy || 1919 || Transport || Project || Seaplane.[4] |- |Caproni Ca.51 || Italy || || Bomber || || Ca.42 variant with biplane tail and tail gun. |- |Caproni Ca.52 || Italy || 1918 || Bomber || Production || Ca.42 built for the RNAS. Six built. |- | Caproni Ca 53 || Italy || 1917 || Bomber || Prototype || 1 completed, never flown. Preserved in the Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics.[5] |- | Caproni Ca.54 || Italy || 1919 || Transport || || Conversion of the Caproni Ca 53.[4] |- | Caproni Ca.55 || Italy || 1920 || Transport || || Seaplane derived from the Caproni Ca 54.[4] |- |Caproni Ca.58 || Italy || || Transport || || Ca.48 re-engined with Fiat A.14 or Isotta Fraschini V.6. |- |Caproni Ca.59 || Italy || || Transport || Project || Designation of Ca.58 intended for customers outside Italy. |- | Caproni Ca.60 || Italy || 1921 || Transport || Prototype || The "Noviplano" was a triple tandem triplane which crashed on its maiden flight. |- | Caproni-Pensuti triplane || Italy || 1920 || Private || || |- ||Catron & Fisk CF-10 || USA || data-sort-value="1925.5"|c. 1925 || Transport || || |- |Curtiss 18-T || USA || 1918 || Fighter || Production || Known variously as the "Wasp" and the "Kirkham". |- |Curtiss Autoplane || USA || 1917 || Private || Prototype || Flying car. Flew only short hops. |- |Curtiss BT || USA || 1917 || Utility || Prototype || Seaplane, referred to as the "Flying lifeboat" or "Baby T". |- |Curtiss Model FL || USA ||1917 || || Prototype || Flying boat comprising Model F hull with Model L wings. |- |Curtiss GS-1 || USA || 1918 || Fighter || Prototype || Floatplane. |- ||Curtiss Model L || USA || 1916 || Trainer || Production || Landplane and floatplane variants. |- ||Curtiss Model S || USA || 1917 || Fighter || Production || S-4 and S-5 were floatplanes. |- |Curtiss Model T || USA || 1916 || Patrol || Prototype || Flying boat. Known as the "Wanamaker" |- |Curtiss-Judson Triplane || USA ||1917 || Utility flying boat || Operational || Flying boat. Slightly enlarged triplane version of the standard Curtiss F-Boat.[6] |- | Curiss-Cox racer || USA || 1921 || Private || Operational || Also called the "Cactus kitten", a one-off triplane conversion of Cox's "Texas wildcat". |- | Dorand 1908 triplane || France || 1908 || || Prototype || Military triplane. |- ||Dufaux triplane || Switzerland || 1908 || Experimental || Prototype || Tandem triplane with biplane tail and tiltrotor. Failed to fly. |- | Dunne-Huntington Triplane || UK || data-sort-value="1910.5"|1910 or 1911 || Experimental || Prototype || Not strictly a triplane but a three-surface aircraft, having a pair of tandem wings with a third set above and between them, but referred to as a "triplane" by its designer, J. W. Dunne. |- | DFW T.34 II || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || |- ||Ellehammer triplane || Denmark || 1907 || Experimental || Prototype || First powered triplane to fly. |- | Euler Dreidecker Type 1 || Germany || 1916 || Trainer || Prototype || |- | Euler Dreidecker Type 2 || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Later modified as a biplane. |- | Euler Dreidecker Type 3 || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Later modified as a biplane. |- | Euler Dreidecker Type 4 || Germany || 1918 || Fighter || Prototype || |- | Euler Dreidecker Type 5 || Germany || 1918 || Fighter || Prototype || Triplane variant of the Euler Vierdecker quadruplane. |- | Faccioli Triplane || Italy || 1909 || Experimental || Prototype || Crashed after a short hop.[7] |- | Farman Voisin || France || 1908 || Experimental || Prototype || Original Voisin machine modified to a triplane. |- |Felixstowe Fury || United Kingdom || 1918 || Long-range flying boat || Prototype || Flying boat. Also known as the Porte Super-Baby |- |Fokker Dr.1 || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Production || Braced variant of the V.4, first flown as the V.5 |- |Fokker V.4 || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Cantilever wings. |- |Fokker V.6 || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || |- |Fokker V.8 || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Tandem design, having a triplane fore wing, biplane rear wing and monoplane tail stabiliser. |- | Friedrichshafen FF.60 || Germany || 1918 || Experimental || Prototype || Floatplane |- | Goupy No.1 || France || 1908 || Experimental || Prototype || |- | Grade triplane || Germany || 1908 || Experimental || Prototype || Hans Grade. first German-built aeroplane to fly |- | Groos triplane || France || 1909 || Experimental || Prototype || Alfred Groos' second design was a triplane which failed to fly.[8] |- | Hansa-Brandenburg CC Triplane || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Seaplane. One-off triplane variant of production biplane. |- | Hansa-Brandenburg L.16 || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || |- | Hansa-Brandenburg W.17 || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Seaplane. Cantilever bottom wing. |- |Labourdette-Halbronn H.T.1 || France || 1918 || Bomber || Prototype || 1 flown. Twin-hulled flying boat.[9] |- |Labourdette-Halbronn H.T.2 || France || 1919 || Bomber || Prototype || 2 flown. Development of the H.T.1 [9] |- |Levy-Besson Alerte || France || 1917 || Patrol || Production || Flying boat. Centre wing longer than the others. 100 built, used for patrol and ASW bombing rather than the "Alerte" role.[10] |- |Levy-Besson 450-hp || France || 1918 || || || Flying boat [11] |- |Levy-Besson 300-hp || France || data-sort-value="1918.5"|c. 1918 || || || Flying boat. Under construction in 1918 [11] |- |Levy-Besson 500-hp || France || data-sort-value="1918.5"|c. 1918 || || || Flying boat never completed?[11] |- |Levy-Besson High Seas || France || data-sort-value="1919.5"|c. 1919 || || Production || Flying boat. Production batch of 100 was cancelled after some had been completed.[12] Top and centre wings of equal span, bottom wing shorter.[13] |- | Levy Besson HB.2 || France || 1919 || || || |- | LFG Roland D.IV || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Also known as the Dr. I. |- | Lloyd 40.15 || Austria-Hungary || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || |- | Lohner Typ A || Austria-Hungary || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Later redesignated the 111.04. |- |Mitsubishi 1MT || Japan || 1922 || Bomber || Production || Navy Type 10. |- |Morane-Saulnier TRK || France || 1915 || Bomber || Prototype || 1 built. |- |Naval Aircraft Factory Giant Boat || USA || 1919 || Patrol || Prototype || Flying boat. Never completed. |- || Nieuport 10 Triplane || France || 1915 || Fighter || Prototype || Extreme backwards stagger of top plane. |- || Nieuport 17 Triplane || France || 1916 || Fighter || Prototype || Extreme backwards stagger of top plane. |- || Nieuport 17bis Triplane || France || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Extreme backwards stagger of top plane. |- || Nieuport London || UK || 1920 || Bomber || Prototype || Planned night bomber |- | Oeffag Type CF || Austria-Hungary || 1918 || Fighter || Prototype || |- | Parnall Possum || UK || 1923 || Experimental || Prototype || Research into centrally-mounted engine. |- | Pfalz Dr-Typ || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Based on the Pfalz D.III biplane. |- | Pfalz Dr.I || Germany || 1918 || Fighter || Prototype || Pre-series batch of 10 delivered. |- | Pfalz Dr.II || Germany || 1918 || Fighter || Prototype || |- | Richter triplane || Germany || 1923 || Private || Prototype || Hang-glider. One of several types flown by Hans Richter having varying numbers of planes. |- | Rodjestveisky triplane || Russia || 1911 || Experimental || Prototype || |- | Roe I Triplane || United Kingdom || 1909 || Experimental || Prototype || Has been described as a tandem triplane due to its relatively large triplane aft plane.[14] |- | Roe II Triplane || United Kingdom || 1910 || Experimental || Prototype || 2 built. |- | Roe III Triplane || United Kingdom || 1910 || Private || Production || Small number sold. |- | Roe IV Triplane || United Kingdom || 1910 || Experimental || Prototype || |- | Sablatnig SF.4Dr || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || Floatplane. Redesigned triplane variant of the SF.4 biplane. |- |Schukowski KOMTA (de) || Soviet Union || 1922 || Bomber || || |- | Schütte-Lanz Dr.I || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || |- | Siemens-Schuckert Dr.I || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || |- | Siemens-Schuckert DDr.I || Germany || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || |- |Sopwith Cobham || United Kingdom || 1919 || Bomber || Prototype || 3 flown |- |Sopwith Hispano-Suiza Triplane || United Kingdom || 1916 || Fighter || Prototype || 2 flown. |- |Sopwith L.R.T.Tr. || United Kingdom || 1916 || Fighter || Prototype || Combined escort fighter and airship interceptor. |- |Sopwith Rhino || United Kingdom || 1917 || Bomber || Prototype || 2 flown |- |Sopwith Snark || United Kingdom || 1919 || Fighter || Prototype || 3 flown |- |Sopwith Triplane || United Kingdom || 1916 || Fighter || Production || First military triplane in service. |- | Stringfellow triplane || United Kingdom || 1868 || Experimental || Project || John Stringfellow showed his design at the world's first aeronautical exhibition, at the Crystal Palace, London. |- | Tarrant Tabor || United Kingdom || 1919 || Bomber || Prototype || Crashed on its maiden flight. |- |Voisin Triplane || France || 1916 || Bomber || Prototype || 3 flown |- |Witteman-Lewis XNBL-1 || USA || 1923 || Bomber || Prototype || also known as "Barling Bomber". Same designer as Tabor. |- | W.K.F. 80.05 || Austria-Hungary || 1917 || Fighter || Prototype || |}

References

Citations
  1. ↑ Davilla 1997, p. 46.
  2. ↑ "Besson canard". www.aviafrance.com. http://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=1856&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=205&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF=. 
  3. ↑ "Besson mb12". www.aviafrance.com. http://www.aviafrance.com/aviafrance1.php?ID=4787&ID_CONSTRUCTEUR=205&ANNEE=0&ID_MISSION=0&MOTCLEF=. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mulder, R.; (2009), The civilian transport aircraft of Caproni (1918-1939)[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}] (pdf). Retrieved 29 October 2013.
  5. ↑ "Caproni Ca.53" (in it). Museo dell'Aeronautica Gianni Caproni. http://www.museocaproni.it/mo_sfida_volo/sfida_Ca-53.asp. 
  6. ↑ Johnson, E. R. (2009); American Flying Boats and Amphibious Aircraft: An Illustrated History, Page 304.
  7. ↑ Angelucci & Matricardi 1977, p. 68.
  8. ↑ Bretagne Aviation
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Davilla 1997, p. 287.
  10. ↑ Davilla 1997, p. 301.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Davilla 1997, p. 302.
  12. ↑ Davilla 1997, p. 303.
  13. ↑ Murphy, J.; Military Aircraft, Origins to 1918: An Illustrated History of Their Impact (2005), ABC-CLIO Ltd, Page 192.
  14. ↑ "A. V. Goes Back" Flight, 2 July 1954, p.2
Bibliography
  • Angelucci, E. and P. Matricardi (1977). World Aircraft - Origins-World War 1. London: Sampson Low.
  • Davilla, James (1997). French aircraft of the first World War. Flying Machines Press. 
  • Green, William; Swanborough, Gordon (1994). The complete book of fighters. Salamander. ISBN 978-0-8317-3939-3. 
  • Jane, F.T. All the World's Aircraft 1913 (1913). London: Sampson Low, facsimile reprint David & Charles, 1969.




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